CN109112376B - 一种Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109112376B
CN109112376B CN201811112014.7A CN201811112014A CN109112376B CN 109112376 B CN109112376 B CN 109112376B CN 201811112014 A CN201811112014 A CN 201811112014A CN 109112376 B CN109112376 B CN 109112376B
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胡志
殷正
闫洪
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MgO Nobel Prize (Tongchuan) new material Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

一种Mg‑Al‑Zn‑Mn‑Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金的制备方法,将Mg‑Al‑Zn‑Mn系合金放入760‑780℃炉温的坩埚中加热至熔化后,加入用铝箔纸包裹的小块状Mg‑20%Gd中间合金,保温10‑15分钟待合金全部熔化;然后将超声变幅杆伸入上述合金熔体中进行间歇超声处理,强度2000‑3000w,每次5‑10秒,间隔5‑10秒,总计300‑500秒;最后将合金熔体快速浇注在已预热金属模具中,得Mg‑Al‑Zn‑Mn‑Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金。本发明合金的细小的第二相组织分布更加均匀,同时稀土元素的添加形成了自腐蚀电位低的阴极相,使得合金整个腐蚀性能得到显著改善。

Description

一种Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于合金或有色金属的处理技术领域。
背景技术
镁-铝(Mg-Al)合金由于优异的性能和低廉的价格,被广泛的应用于多种形式的机械部件,是目前应用最为广泛的高强度变形镁合金。但是因为镁固有的活性,较小的电负性和较负的电极电位,所以镁合金极易被腐蚀。为了解决这个问题,需要开发新型的镁合金。
近年来,稀土合金化处理是提高镁合金耐蚀性的有利途径之一。李晓等人研究表明:在AZ31和AZ91镁合金中添加稀土元素Sm,合金中容易形成的Al2Sm金属间化合物会减慢合金的微电偶腐蚀的速率,显著改善合金的耐腐蚀性。张金玲等人研究了稀土元素Gd对AZ91镁合金摩擦磨损及腐蚀性能的影响,表明由于Al2Gd相的形成消耗了部分Al,减少了β-Mg17Al12相的数量,使得活性阴极的面积减少,有效地抑制了自腐蚀过程。同时,R. Arrabal等人指出,稀土Gd的添加使得Al-Mn相转变为表面电势更低的Al-Mn-Gd相,从而降低微电偶的阴极腐蚀速率,最终改善合金的耐腐蚀性。相关研究表明,稀土相Al2Sm的自腐蚀电位为-1.010VSCE,而稀土相Al2Y的自腐蚀电位与之相比更正,而Al2Gd的自腐蚀电位比Al2Sm更负。合金中微电偶腐蚀的阳极相和阴极相之间的腐蚀电位差的减小有益于改善合金的耐腐蚀性。
然而,合金的耐蚀性不仅与腐蚀电势有关,而且与合金的微观结构有关。第二相粒子的微观结构,特别是尺寸、数量、分布等,在镁合金的耐腐蚀性能中起着关键作用。超声波在熔体中传播时,会产生正压相和负压相,破坏熔体的结构完整性,可有效细化镁合金中的第二相,同时在声流作用下使得细化的第二相更加均匀地分布在合金中。合金中细小的、均匀分布的第二相组织可以有效改善镁合金的腐蚀形貌,抑制严重的局部腐蚀发生,形成轻微的全面腐蚀,从而对镁基体起到保护作用,提高合金的耐腐蚀性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金的制备方法,超声作用下,合金的第二相组织分布更加均匀和细化,同时稀土元素的添加形成了自腐蚀电位更低的阴极相,使得合金整个腐蚀性能得到显著的改善。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的。
本发明所述的一种Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金的制备方法,将Mg-Al-Zn-Mn系合金放入760-780℃炉温的坩埚中加热至熔化后,加入用铝箔纸包裹的小块状Mg-20%Gd中间合金,保温10-15分钟待合金全部熔化;然后将超声变幅杆伸入上述合金熔体中进行间歇超声处理,超声强度为2000-3000w,每次超声脉冲时间为5-10秒,非脉冲时间为5-10秒,超声时间总计300-500秒;最后将合金熔体快速浇注在已经预热的金属模具中,所获得的合金的各组分的重量百分比为:铝为9.2~12.5%,锌为0.8~1.2%,锰为0.5~0.7%,钆为0.5~1.5%,余量为镁。
本发明的技术效果是:超声作用下,合金的第二相组织分布更加均匀和细化,同时稀土元素的添加形成了自腐蚀电位更低的阴极相,使得合金整个腐蚀性能得到显著的改善。
附图说明
图1为对比例条件下制备的合金的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图。
图2为实施例4条件下制备的合金的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图。
具体实施方式
本发明将通过以下实施例作进一步说明。
实施例1:本实施例的Mg-Al-Zn-Mn镁合金,其组成及各组分的重量百分比为:Al:9.33%;Zn:0.88%;Mn:0.53%;余量为Mg。
熔铸工艺:将Mg-Al-Zn-Mn系合金放入760℃炉温的坩埚中加热至熔化后,保温10分钟;然后将超声变幅杆伸入上述合金熔体中进行间歇超声处理,超声强度为2000w,每次超声时间为6秒,间歇时间4秒,超声时间总计500秒;最后将合金熔体快速浇注在已经预热的金属模具中。
结果:本实施例合金在室温下3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀24小时,失重腐蚀速率为0.296mg·cm-2·day-1
实施例2:本实施例的Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金,其组成及各组分的重量百分比为:Al:10.5%;Zn:0.97%;Mn:0.60%;Gd:0.50%;余量为Mg元素。
熔铸工艺:将Mg-Al-Zn-Mn系合金放入770℃炉温的坩埚中加热至熔化后,加入用铝箔纸包裹的小块状Mg-20%Gd中间合金,保温12分钟待合金全部熔化;然后将超声变幅杆伸入上述合金熔体中进行间歇超声处理,超声强度为2500w,每次超声时间为5秒,间歇时间10秒,超声时间总计450秒;最后将合金熔体快速浇注在已经预热的金属模具中。
结果:本实施例合金在室温下3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀24小时,失重腐蚀速率为0.096mg·cm-2·day-1
实施例3:本实施例的Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金,其组成及各组分的重量百分比为:Al:9.75%;Zn:1.12%;Mn:0.65%;Gd:1.00%;余量为Mg元素。
熔铸工艺:将Mg-Al-Zn-Mn系合金放入780℃炉温的坩埚中加热至熔化后,加入用铝箔纸包裹的小块状Mg-20%Gd中间合金,保温15分钟待合金全部熔化;然后将超声变幅杆伸入上述合金熔体中进行间歇超声处理,超声强度为3000w,每次超声时间为10秒,间歇时间5秒,超声时间总计450秒;最后将合金熔体快速浇注在已经预热的金属模具中。
结果:本实施例合金在室温下3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀24小时,失重腐蚀速率为0.091mg·cm-2·day-1
实施例4:本实施例的Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金,其组成及各组分的重量百分比为:Al:11.55%;Zn:1.05%;Mn:0.58%;Gd:1.50%;余量为Mg元素。
熔铸工艺:将Mg-Al-Zn-Mn系合金放入780℃炉温的坩埚中加热至熔化后,加入用铝箔纸包裹的小块状Mg-20%Gd中间合金,保温13分钟待合金全部熔化;然后将超声变幅杆伸入上述合金熔体中进行间歇超声处理,超声强度为2500w,每次超声时间为4秒,间歇时间6秒,超声时间总计300秒;最后将合金熔体快速浇注在已经预热的金属模具中。
结果:本实施例合金在室温下3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀24小时,失重腐蚀速率为0.085mg·cm-2·day-1
对比例:本对比例的Mg-Al-Zn-Mn镁合金,其组成及各组分的重量百分比为:Al:9.89%;Zn:0.91%;Mn:0.57%;余量为Mg。
熔铸工艺:将Mg-Al-Zn-Mn系合金放入760℃炉温的坩埚中加热至熔化后,保温10分钟,最后将合金熔体快速浇注在已经预热的金属模具中。
结果:本实施例合金在室温下3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀24小时,失重腐蚀速率为0.589mg·cm-2·day-1
上述实例的耐化学腐蚀性能的试验方法为:根据GB10124-1988金属材料试验室均匀腐蚀全浸试验方法,将试样完全浸没于3.5% NaCl溶液中,24小时后取出用20% CrO3 +1%AgNO3+蒸馏水清除试样表面的腐蚀产物,然后再用无水酒精和丙酮清洗,测量腐蚀后的重量,计算腐蚀速率(mg·cm-2·day-1)。
将实施例1和4制得的合金,经打磨抛光后在扫面电子显微镜下观察合金的表面形貌(SEM),如附图1和附图2所示。结果显示:超声作用下,实施例1条件下合金的失重腐蚀速率(0.296mg·cm-2·day-1)是对比例条件下合金(0.589mg·cm-2·day-1)的50.3%。当添加稀土元素Gd后,合金的失重腐蚀速率随稀土含量的增加而减小,且实施例4条件下合金的腐蚀速率(0.085mg·cm-2·day-)只有实施例1(0.296mg·cm-2·day-1)的28.7%。从附图上可以看出,超声作用下,合金的第二相组织分布更加均匀和细化,同时稀土元素的添加形成了自腐蚀电位更低的阴极相,使得合金整个腐蚀性能得到显著的改善。

Claims (1)

1.一种Mg-Al-Zn-Mn-Gd耐蚀稀土镁合金的制备方法,其特征是将Mg-Al-Zn-Mn系合金放入760-780℃炉温的坩埚中加热至熔化后,加入用铝箔纸包裹的小块状Mg-20%Gd中间合金,保温10-15分钟待合金全部熔化;然后将超声变幅杆伸入上述合金熔体中进行间歇超声处理,超声强度为2000-3000w,每次超声脉冲时间为5-10秒,非脉冲时间为5-10秒,超声时间总计300-500秒;最后将合金熔体快速浇注在已经预热的金属模具中,所获得的合金的各组分的重量百分比为:铝为9.2~12.5%,锌为0.8~1.2%,锰为0.5~0.7%,钆为0.5~1.5%,余量为镁。
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