CN109112005A - 一种三七清洗剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三七清洗剂，其组成物及质量百分比为烷基葡萄糖苷26%～50%、直链烷基苯磺酸钠20%～35%、木瓜蛋白酶6%～10%、果胶酶6%～10%、白及多糖16%～30%、过氧碳酸钠3%～8%；本发明采用的清洗剂配方易得且成本低廉，清洗技术操作简单；本发明同传统方法相比，在提高生产效率的同时减少了三七药材品质的降低；鲜三七清洗后农残和重金属合格率分别提高12%和20%以上，总皂苷含量比市售三七高5%以上；干三七清洗后农残和重金属合格率分别提高8%和15%以上，总皂苷含量比市售三七高3%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开一种三七清洗剂及其去除三七根农残和重金属的方法，属中药材产地加工领域。
背景技术
三七［Panax notoginseng(Burk. ) F. H. Chen］为五加科人参属植物，是我国常用大宗中药材，具有极其重要的药用价值和经济价值。但三七药材普遍存在农残和重金属超标问题，极大的影响着三七的临床用药安全。三七农残和重金属超标问题主要由农艺措施、产地环境和加工技术等多种因素造成的。如三七在同一块土地的种植时间一般在2年以上，连作造成其易染病，故而农药施用频率和施用量均较大，加之农药使用不规范，易造成三七农药残留超标。三七药材中农药主要通过农药喷施过程中的飘逸、雨水冲刷等途径富集于根表。三七道地产区土壤普遍存在镉和砷含量偏高的问题，因而三七在吸收必需营养成分的同时也吸收了重金属元素。据报道，三七中重金属主要富集于根皮。三七在采收后的习惯加工方式为先直接带土干燥，然后通过打磨或水洗的方式去掉泥土。三七的打磨是将干燥后三七放入容器内，通过相互撞击的方式去除根表泥土，打磨打磨时间时根表泥土残留情况而定，通常根据经验操作，时间最长达1小时以上。干三七的清洗是将其放入容器中清洗，由于干燥后泥土在根表附着力强，清洗时间一般均在30 min以上才可以清除大部分泥土。打磨撞击过程易造成药材的损伤，物料损耗较大，而清洗时间过长则会造成有效成分流失较多，总皂苷损失最高可达15%以上。尽管如此，这两种方式去除泥土的效率仍较低，三七药材根表未能清除掉的农药残留及泥土中的重金属造成了三七药材农残和重金属的超标。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种三七清洗剂，其组成物及质量百分比为：烷基葡萄糖苷26%～50%、直链烷基苯磺酸钠20%～35%、木瓜蛋白酶6%～10%、果胶酶6%～10%、白及多糖16%～30%、过氧碳酸钠3%～8%。
该清洗剂含有表面活性剂、金属离子螯合剂、细胞壁降解剂、pH调节剂等成分，较传统方式显著提高清洗效率；通过简化清洗工艺，显著降低了物料损耗。
本发明另一目的是将上述清洗液用在三七清洗过程中，其具体使用方法为：
（1）将三七清洗剂与水按质量体积比kg:L为1:15～35的比例混匀，备用，待用时间不超过6小时，储存温度不超过25℃；
（2）将新鲜三七或干燥三七先用流水清洗，去除根表附着的泥土，待清洗水的浊度≤1mg/L后停止清洗；
（3）将三七转入步骤（1）稀释后的清洗液中浸泡，三七与清洗液的质量比为1:10～30，新鲜三七浸泡5～10 min，干燥三七浸泡10～15 min，捞出浸泡后三七，干燥即得三七药材，其中清洗液浸泡三七时，清洗液浊度≥1mg/L时应更换清洗液。
本发明在三七清洗过程中加入专用清洗剂，提高清洗技术和简化清洗程序，能够有效去除吸附于三七根表的农药残留，去除根表泥土从而间接实现去除重金属；本发明所用清洗剂采用了无污染、安全的物质，并且可以完全生物降解，对人体无毒害，可直接食用。因而不用担心清洗后要反复清洗掉清洗剂的问题，节省了加工时间。
本发明的有益效果为：
1、本发明清洗剂中的表面活性剂类物质可以快速清除吸附态农药残留和土壤颗粒；配方中的酶类物质可以溶解三七根的根皮细胞壁，从而进一步释放吸收和吸附态的农残及重金属；配方中的金属螯合剂类物质可以与三七竞争螯合重金属，更进一步减少三七中重金属含量；
2、本发明清洗方法由于采用了高效清洗剂，同时较传统清洗方式缩短了清洗时间，鲜三七清洗后农残和重金属合格率分别提高12%和20%以上，总皂苷含量比市售三七高5%以上；干三七清洗后农残和重金属合格率分别提高8%和15%以上，总皂苷含量比市售三七高3%以上。
附图说明
图1 a-c三七不清洗直接晒干后打磨外观（a，剪口；b，主根；c，大根和须根）；d-f鲜三七清洗后外观形态；g-i干三七清洗后外观形态。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1：本三七清洗剂的组成物及质量百分比为：烷基葡萄糖苷30%、直链烷基苯磺酸钠34%、木瓜蛋白酶6%、果胶酶6%、白及多糖18%、过氧碳酸钠6%。
上述清洗剂的使用方法如下：
1、清洗新鲜采挖的三七，共清洗3个批次，每个批次10组三七，每组50公斤，清洗后计算每组三七农药残留超标率，重金属超标率和总皂苷含量；在市场购买3个批次商品三七，每个批次10组，每组1公斤，计算每组三七农药残留超标率，重金属超标率和总皂苷含量。
2、将清洗剂与自来水按照质量体积比kg:L=1:35比例混合搅拌均匀，置于储液罐中；清洗液应现用现配，待用时间不超过6小时，储存温度不超过25℃；
3、新鲜采挖的三七根先用流水清洗，去除根表附着的泥土，待清洗水的浊度≤1 mg/L后停止清洗；将三七转入步骤2的清洗液中浸泡，三七与清洗液质量比为1:30，浸泡时间为5min，捞出浸泡后三七，干燥即得三七药材；其中清洗液浸泡三七时，清洗液浊度≥1mg/L时应更换清洗液。
4、本实施例新鲜采挖三七经清洗后农药残留合格率比市售三七高16%，重金属合格率比市售三七高23%，皂苷含量比市售三七高5%（表1）。图1中a-c三七不清洗直接晒干后打磨可见外表凸出处有组织磨损，凹陷处仍残存泥土；d-f新鲜三七清洗后可见根系完整，外观光洁；g-i干燥三七清洗后可见外观并未见损伤，但凹陷处未见显著的泥土残留。
实施例2：本三七清洗剂的组成物及质量百分比为：烷基葡萄糖苷30%、直链烷基苯磺酸钠20%、木瓜蛋白酶10%、果胶酶10%、白及多糖22%、过氧碳酸钠8%。
上述清洗液的使用方法如下：
1、传统方式干燥的三七，共清洗3个批次，每个批次10组三七，每组50公斤，清洗后计算每组三七农药残留超标率，重金属超标率和总皂苷含量；在市场购买3个批次商品三七，每个批次10组，每组1公斤，计算每组三七农药残留超标率，重金属超标率和总皂苷含量；
2、将清洗剂与自来水按照质量体积比kg:L=1:15比例混合搅拌均匀，置于储液罐中；清洗液应现用现配，待用时间不超过6小时，储存温度不超过25℃；
3、干燥的三七主根先用流水清洗，去除根表附着的泥土，待清洗水的浊度≤1 mg/L后停止清洗；将三七主根转入清洗液中浸泡，三七与清洗液比例为1:10，浸泡时间15 min，捞出浸泡后三七，干燥即得三七药材；其中清洗液浸泡三七时，清洗液浊度≥1mg/L时应更换清洗液；
4、本实施例干燥三七经清洗后农药残留合格率比市售三七高10%，重金属合格率比市售三七高16%，皂苷含量比市售三七高3%（表1）；
表1：实施例1-2下三七农残、重金属合格率及总皂苷含量结果
。
Claims (2)
1.一种三七清洗剂，其特征在于，组成物及质量百分比为：烷基葡萄糖苷26%～50%、直链烷基苯磺酸钠20%～35%、木瓜蛋白酶6%～10%、果胶酶6%～10%、白及多糖16%～30%、过氧碳酸钠3%～8%。
2.权利要求1所述的三七清洗剂的使用方法，其特征在于，按如下步骤进行：
（1）将三七清洗剂与水按质量体积比kg:L为1:15～35的比例混匀，备用，待用时间不超过6小时，储存温度不超过25℃；
（2）将新鲜三七或干燥三七先用流水清洗，去除根表附着的泥土，待清洗水的浊度≤1mg/L后停止清洗；
（3）将三七转入步骤（1）稀释后的清洗剂中浸泡，三七与清洗液的质量比为1:10～30，新鲜三七浸泡5～10 min，干燥三七浸泡10～15 min，捞出浸泡后三七，干燥即得三七药材，其中清洗液浸泡三七时，清洗液浊度≥1mg/L时应更换清洗液。
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| CN104212651A (zh) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-17 | 青岛保利康新材料有限公司 | 一种果蔬洗涤剂 |
| CN105878318A (zh) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-24 | 吴勇磊 | 一种三七保鲜除农残技术方法 |
| CN106281787A (zh) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-01-04 | 彭晨 | 基于矿物盐的果蔬专用清洗剂 |
| CN107865894A (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-04-03 | 马卫军 | 一种降低三七农药残留与重金属超标的加工方法 |
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| CN104212651A (zh) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-17 | 青岛保利康新材料有限公司 | 一种果蔬洗涤剂 |
| CN106281787A (zh) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-01-04 | 彭晨 | 基于矿物盐的果蔬专用清洗剂 |
| CN105878318A (zh) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-08-24 | 吴勇磊 | 一种三七保鲜除农残技术方法 |
| CN107865894A (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-04-03 | 马卫军 | 一种降低三七农药残留与重金属超标的加工方法 |
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