CN109104076B - 一种电子变压装置 - Google Patents

一种电子变压装置 Download PDF

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CN109104076B
CN109104076B CN201710473545.8A CN201710473545A CN109104076B CN 109104076 B CN109104076 B CN 109104076B CN 201710473545 A CN201710473545 A CN 201710473545A CN 109104076 B CN109104076 B CN 109104076B
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CN109104076A (zh
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张东胜
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Beijing Jingdian Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/75—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/757—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电子变压装置，其包括一个交流电源输入，一个或多个高压逆变模块，一个或多个均压电路，一个或多个变压器，一个或多个低压整流模块，一个或多个输出逆变模块。本发明的电子变压装置可直接接入高压交流电，可实现电能双向流动，将电能在高压交流电与低压交流电或低压直流电之间任意转换具有电路结构简单，变换级数少，可使用多绕组高频变压器，成本低，可靠性高，体积小，效率高。

Description

一种电子变压装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一用于电网供电系统的电子变压装置。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高和家用电器的普及，别是住宅用户的用电量逐年大幅增长，然而厂矿单位、住宅小区、商店等配电线路更新改造速度相对滞后，导致线路末端电压远低于允许范围，同时电压波动很大，电网普遍频繁出现过负荷现象，洗衣机、空调器、电视机等非照明负荷难以正常工作，并对电器设备造成巨大危害。同时，传统供电系统采用的工频变压器用量巨大，消耗了大量的铜、铁等金属，并使用大量绝缘油等材料，造成严重环境污染。
随着电力电子技术的不断发展，用电力电子技术取代传统变压器，并改进传统供电方式变成可行。用电力电子技术取代传统变压器后，可大幅度减少金属材料资源的消耗，降低变压器自耗电，就地稳定供电电压，实现高压入户方式供电，大幅度减少低压电缆的用量，降低配网建设成本，降低线路网损。
中国专利CN105932883A公开了一种基于能量注入式直接AC-AC变换器的电力电子变压器，其可实现能量的单级变换双向传输、拓扑结构简单、转换效率高、体积小、成本低。然而由于其半导体器件需承受输入电压，致使其只能用于电网电压较低的场合，而目前国内外供电配网系统主干线普遍采用6kv，10kv，35kv，以目前半导体器件水平，还难以满足要求。
中国专利CN105897004A公开了一种多电平直流母线自平衡的电力电子变压器拓扑结构，其采用多电平中点钳位技术，可实现高压输入，不需要直流母线电容的电压反馈进行电容电压均衡，整流侧的控制算法大大简化。然而该电路结构复杂，为4级变换，成本高，自身损耗大，难以广泛推广应用。
中国专利CN105680488A公开了一种应用于交直流混合配电网的MMC型多端口电力电子变压器，采用MMC级联方式，可直接高压输入。然而该电路同样是结构复杂，为4级变换，成本高，自身损耗大，难以广泛推广应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种电子变压装置，其可直接接入高压交流电，可实现电能双向流动，将电能在高压交流电与低压交流电或低压直流电之间任意转换，具有电路结构简单，变换级数少，可使用多绕组高频变压器，成本低，可靠性高，体积小，效率高。
本发明设计的一种电子变压装置，其包括：
一个交流电源输入，包含输入端Vin1和输入端Vin2；
一个或多个高压逆变模块(1)，其交流引出端(6)(7)串联连接，其中，首端第一个高压逆变模块(1)的一个交流引出端(6)与所述交流电源输入的输入端Vin1连接，末端高压逆变模块(8)的一个交流引出端与所述交流电源输入的输入端Vin2连接；
一个或多个均压电路(2)，其两端分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)的交流引出端连接；
一个或多个变压器(3)，其原边绕组分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)直流侧中点、及所述均压电路(2)的中点连接；
一个或多个低压整流模块(4)，其交流侧引出端及直流侧中点分别与所述变压器(3)的副边绕组连接，所述多个低压整流模块(4)的直流侧正负端并联连接；
一个或多个输出逆变模块(5)，其直流侧正负端及中点与分别与低压整流模块(4)的直流侧正负端及中点连接，其交流侧引出端与直流侧中点作为本装置的输出端Vo1、Vo2。
本发明所述的交流电源输入，是单相工频交流电源输入，其电压范围包括6千伏、1万伏及35万伏。
本发明所述的高压逆变模块(1)是由单相桥式逆变电路及串联连接的直流滤波电容构成，所述单相桥式逆变电路是由4组半导体开关器件连接而成，其半导体开关器件可以是IGBT、MOSFET、IGCT。
本发明所述的均压电路(2)是由一个包含中心抽头的并联电感(11)构成。
本发明所述的均压电路(2)另一个结构是由一个包含中心抽头的并联电感及两个串联电容(14)构成，所述两个串联电容(14)的一端分别与并联电感的两端串联连接，串联电容(14)的另一端分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)的交流引出端连接，所述并联电感的中心抽头与所述变压器(3)的一个原边绕组连接。
本发明所述的均压电路(2)另一个结构是由一个包含中心抽头的并联电感及两个串联电容、一个串联电感(15)构成，所述两个串联电容的一端分别与并联电感的两端串联连接，串联电容的另一端分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)的交流引出端连接，所述串联电感(15)的一端与并联电感的中心抽头连接，串联电感(15)的另一端与所述变压器(3)的一个原边绕组连接。
本发明所述的变压器(11)的原边包含多个绕组，各绕组分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)直流侧中点、及所述均压电路(2)的中点连接；
本发明所述的低压整流模块(4)及输出逆变模块(5)是由单相半桥逆变电路及串联连接的直流滤波电容构成，所述单相半桥逆变电路是由2组半导体开关器件连接而成，其半导体开关器件可以是IGBT、MOSFET、IGCT。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种电子变压装置的电气结构图。
图2是本发明的高压逆变模块的电路原理图。
图3是本发明的低压整流模块及输出逆变模块电路原理图。
图4是本发明的多绕组变压器的连接电路结构图.
图5是本发明的均压电路的一个实施例.
图6是本发明的均压电路的另一个实施例。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，详细介绍本发明一种电子变压装置实施及工作过程。
如图1所示，是本发明电子变压装置的电气结构图。其中交流电源由端口Vin1及Vin2接入，多个高压逆变模块(1)通过其交流引出端(6)(7)串联连接，其交流引出端(6)(7)同时与均压电路(2)的两端连接，而其直流侧中点、及均压电路(2)的中点连接分别与变压器连接。工频交流电源输入经过多个高压逆变模块(1)均分电压，并进行高频调制后，通过直流侧中点及均压电路(2)的中点，分别接入变压器(3)原边绕组。各变压器(3)的副边绕组通过多个低压整流模块(4)变为直流电，相互并联后，经过输出逆变模块(5)，转变为高频调制后的直流电或工频、及其他频率的交流电。
图2是本发明的高压逆变模块的电路原理图，其包含4组半导体开关器件及两组串联连接的电容器。半导体开关器件连接成单相桥式电路，桥式电路的直流侧连接滤波电容，通过半导体开关器件的高频开关调制，从而实现交流电与直流电的相互转换。
图3是本发明的低压整流模块(4)及输出逆变模块(5)电路原理图，其由两组半导体开关器件连接成半桥电路，两组串联连接的电容器对半桥电路进行直流滤波，通过半导体开关器件高频开关调制，从而实现交流电与直流电的相互转换。
图4是本发明的多绕组变压器的连接电路结构图，图中变压器(11)包含有多个原边绕组，每个原边绕组连接一个高压逆变模块(1)，其副边绕组形成一个总的输出。采用多绕组变压器可有效减少变压器数量及低压整流模块(4)的数量，达到降低成本的目的。
图5是本发明的均压电路的一个实施例，图中采用2个电容(14)，分别串联于均压电路并联电感的两端，可有效提高工频阻抗，降低变压器低频偏置电流，有效利用变压器磁密。
图6是本发明的均压电路的另一个实施例，相比图5电路，增加了一个串联于均压电路(2)并联电感中点及变压器(3)原边绕组之间的串联电感(15)，通过串联电感(15)，可增加变压器(3)漏抗，降低高频脉动电流峰值。

Claims (6)

1.一种电子变压装置，其特征在于：其包括：
一个交流电源输入，包含输入端Vin1和输入端Vin2，所述的交流电源输入，是单相工频交流电源输入，其电压范围包括6千伏、1万伏及35万伏；
一个或多个高压逆变模块(1)，其交流引出端(6)(7)串联连接，其中，首端第一个高压逆变模块(1)的一个交流引出端(6)与所述交流电源输入的输入端Vin1连接，末端高压逆变模块(8)的一个交流引出端与所述交流电源输入的输入端Vin2连接，所述的高压逆变模块(1)是由单相桥式逆变电路及串联连接的直流滤波电容构成，所述单相桥式逆变电路是由4组半导体开关器件连接而成，其半导体开关器件是IGBT、MOSFET、IGCT中的一种；
一个或多个均压电路(2)，其两端分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)的交流引出端连接；
一个或多个变压器(3)，其原边绕组分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)直流侧中点、及所述均压电路(2)的中点连接；
一个或多个低压整流模块(4)，其交流侧引出端及直流侧中点分别与所述变压器(3)的副边绕组连接，所述多个低压整流模块(4)的直流侧正负端并联连接；
一个或多个输出逆变模块(5)，其直流侧正负端及中点与分别与低压整流模块(4)的直流侧正负端及中点连接，其交流侧引出端与直流侧中点作为本装置的输出端Vo1、Vo2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种电子变压装置，其特征在于：所述的均压电路(2)是由一个包含中心抽头的并联电感构成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种电子变压装置，其特征在于：所述的均压电路(2)是由一个包含中心抽头的并联电感及两个串联电容构成，所述两个串联电容的一端分别与并联电感的两端串联连接，串联电容的另一端分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)的交流引出端连接，所述并联电感的中心抽头与所述变压器(3)的一个原边绕组连接。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种电子变压装置，其特征在于：所述的均压电路(2)是由一个包含中心抽头的并联电感及两个串联电容、一个串联电感构成，所述两个串联电容的一端分别与并联电感的两端串联连接，串联电容的另一端分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)的交流引出端连接，所述串联电感的一端与并联电感的中心抽头连接，串联电感的另一端与所述变压器(3)的一个原边绕组连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种电子变压装置，其特征在于：所述的变压器(3 )的原边包含多个绕组，各绕组分别与所述高压逆变模块(1)直流侧中点、及所述均压电路(2)的中点连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种电子变压装置，其特征在于：所述的低压整流模块(4)及输出逆变模块(5)是由单相半桥逆变电路及串联连接的直流滤波电容构成，所述单相半桥逆变电路是由2组半导体开关器件连接而成，其半导体开关器件是IGBT、MOSFET、IGCT中的一种。
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