CN109100387A - A method of heat flow density when measurement high energy beam impact plane - Google Patents
A method of heat flow density when measurement high energy beam impact plane Download PDFInfo
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- CN109100387A CN109100387A CN201810860524.6A CN201810860524A CN109100387A CN 109100387 A CN109100387 A CN 109100387A CN 201810860524 A CN201810860524 A CN 201810860524A CN 109100387 A CN109100387 A CN 109100387A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of heat flow density when measurement high energy beam impact plane.When being propagated in air according to high energy beam, section heat flow density roughlys abide by the characteristic of Gaussian Profile, after high energy beam acts on iron-based material for a period of time, material can generate crescent transformation hardening, and the size of this crescent phase change region can directly reflect the heat flux distribution rule of high energy beam.It is fitted by simulation software, and regulation coefficient obtains identical phase change zone, and then coefficient is brought into heat flux distribution formula, and section heat flux distribution can be obtained.The invention the method, it is easy to operate, it is not necessarily to dedicated reception target plate；It can obtain continuous heat flux distribution equation；And it is applied widely extremely wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of heat flow density when measurement high energy beam impact plane.
Background technique
High energy beam, is often referred to laser, electron beam and ion beam, common trait be supplied with the power density of material surface >=
103w/cm2.With the upgrading of traditional manufacture, high energy beam processing has become one of modern manufacturing technology the most advanced, is praised
For " processing of 21 century ".Because it is high with power density, action time is short, heating process is contactless, controllability is good
And the comprehensive advantages such as environmental-friendly, high energy beam processing is increasingly becoming the key technology for developing high, precision and frontier weaponry, in industry
Proportion is also increasing, and then becomes one of the important indicator for measuring a National Industrial manufacture level.High energy beam processing
Field is even more to cover the various aspects such as welding, cutting, etching, surface modified, spraying and vapor deposition, aerospace,
The numerous areas such as ship, weapons, nuclear energy, traffic, medical treatment play an important role.
The quality and application development of high energy beam processing and the quality of beam of high energy beam are closely related, and quality of beam mainly has two
Aspect intension: first is that stability, second is that the form and Energy distribution of line.Therefore, pass through cutting apart from spout difference to line
Face carries out heat flow density measurement when impacting plane, and then analyzes beam status and whether Energy distribution good, to working ability and
The raising of processing quality suffers from particularly important effect, still, due to the energy and extreme temperatures of high energy beam, it is difficult to using straight
The mode for connecing measurement accurately obtains the regularity of distribution of its heat flow density.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of application material surface transformation hardenings, are existed by testing and emulating fitting with measuring high energy beam
The method of heat flux distribution when particular cross section impacts plane.
It is small with the decreasing gradient in axial direction that the distinguishing feature of high energy beam is that its heat flow density is uniformly distributed radially.It is special
Point is that the heat flux distribution form in any section of high energy beam is typically all Gaussian distributed.It is expressed as follows with formula 1-1:
(1-1)
In formula, qHmIt is maximum heat flow density, r is the distance apart from hot spot center, and total thermal energy (Q) is expressed as in the hot spot of section
Formula 1-2:
(1-2)
Therefore,
(1-3)
The 95% of total heat energy (Q) will be concentrated in this hot spot, and therefore, the relational expression of Q and k can be expressed as formula 1-4:
(1-4)
Simplified style 1-4 can be obtained:
(1-5)
Q be it is relevant to high energy beam input power, formula 1-6 can be expressed as:
(1-6)
P is the input power of high energy beam in formula, β be one with heat loss (due to the cooling system and generator spout of high energy beam
At a distance from substrate surface) relevant coefficient, η is thermal absorptivity, it is related with the thermal physical property parameter of substrate.
Simultaneous 1-3,1-5,1-6 Shi Ke get Shi 1-7 are as follows:
(1-7)
It is calculated to simplify, reduces the number of unknown quantity, using a corresponding constant coefficient δ, and the expression formula of δ is formula 1-8:
(1-8)
Therefore, qH(r) formula 1-9 can be expressed as:
(1-9)
After high energy beam acts on iron-based material for a period of time, material can generate crescent transformation hardening, hot shadow obtained
The size for ringing area can directly reflect the heat flux distribution rule of high energy beam.Based on this principle, by being set in numerical simulation
It sets and tests identical technological parameter, and regulation coefficient obtains identical phase change zone, and then brings coefficient into heat flux distribution public affairs
In formula (1-9), section heat flux distribution can be obtained.
Its specific determination step is as follows:
Step 1: selecting a kind of iron-based material, be processed as the standard shape of setting as substrate, substrate surface and high energy beam are sent out
The distance of raw device spout is adjusted to vertical range d=1 ~ 500mm, is then set as scanning speed substrate surface will not be enabled to generate
Speed 10mm/min ~ 3000mm/min of fusing, then carry out single track quench hardening operation;
Step 2: substrate being cut along hardening section, after sanding and polishing corrodes, observes hardening zone size (width under the microscope
W and depth D);
Step 3: setting initial parameterδWith rH,δFor coefficient relevant to the thermal efficiency, substrate type, vertical range d, range exists
Between 0.1 ~ 0.7, rHInitial value be hardening zone width D；
Step 4: numerical simulation being carried out to hardening process using finite element software, setting simulation parameter is to test technique ginseng used
Number marks off simulation hardening zone according to the critical-temperature that austenitizing occurs for material, and obtains the width W of simulation hardening zone1With
Depth D1;
Step 5: adjustmentδWith rHSo that simulate the width W of hardening zone1With depth D1With the width W and depth D ruler of practical hardening zone
It is very little roughly the same；
Step 6: willδWith rHBring formula intoIn (P is power, and r is away from round spot centre distance)
High energy beam is obtained in the heat flux distribution at spout d.
A kind of method measuring high energy beam heat flow density of the present invention has the advantage that
1. it is easy to operate, it is not necessarily to dedicated reception target plate.Mark due to the hardening zone using iron-based material as measurement heat flow density
Standard only needs common iron-based material as substrate, pops one's head in without making dedicated reception target plate and installing profession on target plate.Experiment
Process is simple to operation, due to not needing arrangement probe, avoids because of the error generated by inconsistency of popping one's head in, and continuous mode
Required cost is less；
2. continuous heat flux distribution equation can be obtained.The heat affected area being fitted by finite element simulation, with practical hardening
Area's comparison, obtained parameter value is substituted into formula, available complete continuity equation；
3. applied widely.Measuring method of the present invention is widely applicable for various high-energy fluids, need to only adjust substrate kind
Class and scanning speed can obtain hardening zone, and further Curve fitting simulation obtains heat flux distribution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is high energy beam generator and matrix structure figure to be quenched, wherein (1) is plasma generator, (2) are substrates,
It (3) is plasma flame flow；
Fig. 2 is embodiment working drawing；
Fig. 3 is heat affected area detection sectional plane figure；
Fig. 4 is heat affected area emulation sectional view.
Specific embodiment
The method of heat flow density is made further when by the following examples to measurement high energy beam impact plane of the present invention
Explanation.
Embodiment one
Using plasma as high energy beam, U75V is substrate (having a size of 200 × 100 × 15 mm), such as with plasma generator by substrate
Position shown in Fig. 1 is fixed, distance d be 4mm, open plasma generator, input power is 11.3 kW, and make its with speed v=
900mm/min scans substrate surface, after its natural cooling, cuts substrate along hardening section, after sanding and polishing corrodes,
Hardening zone size, width W=10.3mm, depth D=1.5mm are observed under microscope.Carry out finite element simulation, adjustmentδWith rHMake to imitate
The width W of heat affected area in true result1=10mm ≈ W=10.3mm, D1=1.5 ≈ D=1.5mm, obtainδWith rHRespectively 0.67 with
9.5, heat flux distribution are as follows:(r is away from round spot center).
Embodiment two
Using plasma as high energy beam, U75V is substrate (having a size of 200 × 100 × 15 mm), such as with plasma generator by substrate
Position shown in Fig. 1 is fixed, distance d be 10mm, open plasma generator, input power is 11.3 kW, and make its with speed v=
800mm/min scans substrate surface, after its natural cooling, cuts substrate along hardening section, after sanding and polishing corrodes,
Hardening zone size, width W=8.2mm, depth D=1.1mm are observed under microscope.Carry out finite element simulation, adjustmentδWith rHMake to emulate
As a result the width W of middle heat affected area1=8.6mm ≈ W, D1=1.1 ≈ D, obtainδWith rHRespectively 0.42 and 8.1, heat flow density point
Cloth are as follows:(r is away from round spot center).
Embodiment three
Using plasma as high energy beam, U75V is substrate (having a size of 200 × 100 × 15 mm), such as with plasma generator by substrate
Position shown in Fig. 1 is fixed, distance d be 20mm, open plasma generator, input power is 11.3 kW, and make its with speed v=
650mm/min scans substrate surface, after its natural cooling, cuts substrate along hardening section, after sanding and polishing corrodes,
Hardening zone size, width W=6mm, depth D=0.6mm are observed under microscope.Carry out finite element simulation, adjustmentδWith rHTie emulation
The width W of heat affected area in fruit1=5.8mm ≈ W, D1=0.7 ≈ D, obtainsδWith rHRespectively 0.18 and 6.2, heat flux distribution
Are as follows:(r is away from round spot center).
Finally it is to be appreciated that the above case study on implementation is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention rather than limits, this field skill
Art personnel should be appreciated that technical solution of the present invention modify either equivalent replacement, and be detached from spirit of the invention and
Range should all cover in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method of heat flow density when measurement high energy beam impact plane, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: selecting a kind of iron-based material, be processed as the standard shape of setting as substrate, substrate surface and high energy beam are sent out
The distance of raw device spout is adjusted to vertical range d=1 ~ 500mm, is then set as scanning speed substrate surface will not be enabled to generate
Speed 10mm/min ~ 3000mm/min of fusing, then carry out single track quench hardening operation;
Step 2: substrate being cut along hardening section, after sanding and polishing corrodes, observes hardening zone size (width under the microscope
W and depth D);
Step 3: setting initial parameterδWith rH,δFor coefficient relevant to the thermal efficiency, substrate type, vertical range d, range is 0.1
Between ~ 0.7, rHInitial value be hardening zone width D；
Step 4: numerical simulation being carried out to hardening process using finite element software, setting simulation parameter is to test technique ginseng used
Number marks off simulation hardening zone according to the critical-temperature that austenitizing occurs for material, and obtains the width W of simulation hardening zone1With
Depth D1;
Step 5: adjustmentδWith rHSo that simulate the width W of hardening zone1With depth D1With the width W and depth D ruler of practical hardening zone
It is very little roughly the same;
Step 6: step 5 is obtainedδWith rHBring formula into(P is power, r be away from round spot center away from
From) in, high energy beam can be obtained in the heat flux distribution at spout d.
2. the method for heat flow density when the impact plane of measurement high energy beam described according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1
In, the iron-based material includes being not limited to the common materials such as No. 45 steel, AISI 304, cast iron.
3. the method for heat flow density when the impact plane of measurement high energy beam described according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1
In, the scanning speed is in 10mm/min ~ 3000mm/min.
4. the method for heat flow density when the impact plane of measurement high energy beam described according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 2
In, the width and depth of the observation having a size of hardening zone can judge hardening region by the color transition in section after corrosion.
5. the method for heat flow density when the impact plane of measurement high energy beam described according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 3
In, the δ initial value is between 0.1 ~ 0.7.
6. the method for heat flow density when the impact plane of measurement high energy beam described according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 3
In, the rHInitial value is of same size with hardening zone.
7. the method for heat flow density when the impact plane of measurement high energy beam described according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 4
In, simulation width and depth are obtained by numerical simulation software (including being not limited to Ansys, Abaqus etc.).
8. the method for heat flow density when the impact plane of measurement high energy beam described according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 5
In, by adjusting δ, rHMake the width W for simulating hardening zone1With depth D1Substantially with width W and depth the D size of practical hardening zone
It is identical.
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| CN114637277A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-06-17 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | All-range heat flux density measurement and control system and measurement and control method for aerospace plane test experiment |
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