CN109100109B - Analogue simulation experiment device capable of applying controllable impact load - Google Patents
Analogue simulation experiment device capable of applying controllable impact load Download PDFInfo
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- CN109100109B CN109100109B CN201811318330.XA CN201811318330A CN109100109B CN 109100109 B CN109100109 B CN 109100109B CN 201811318330 A CN201811318330 A CN 201811318330A CN 109100109 B CN109100109 B CN 109100109B
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation experiment device capable of applying controllable impact load, which integrates the simulation experiment device and a pendulum impact simulation material model device, after a roadway model is excavated, an impact rod piece is buried around a roadway support model in advance, the impact rod piece is impacted by a drop hammer, and the impact load is applied to the interior of the macroscopic model. Based on the similar theorem and the energy conservation theorem, hammer mass or swing rod pre-elevation angle with different masses are switched, so that different impact loads can be applied, and the consistency of impact energy of a given roadway model and impact energy when field rock burst occurs is ensured. The pendulum impact device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, can apply a given dynamic load to a model according to different requirements, has controllability, and can play a certain guiding role in researching roadway damage tests and the like under the dynamic load by combining the field conditions of mine rock burst.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock mass engineering simulation experiments, in particular to a simulation experiment device capable of applying controllable impact load.
Background
Rock burst is a main reason for falling of surrounding rock of a deep well mining roadway and instable supporting structure and even large-scale closure, and is one of main dynamic disasters for restricting deep mine mining. When impact occurs, the problem of concentrated localization of load is abstract, and direct monitoring and control are difficult.
The simulation test can effectively simulate the occurrence of a field condition, and the existing method for applying the static load of the model is used for simulating the hydraulic cylinder or by the dead weight of the material. The dynamic load is applied in a mechanical means or blasting mode, so that the dynamic load is often generated from the inside of a rock mass in the engineering fields of mining, tunnels and the like, the manual hammering mode of applying the dynamic load cannot simulate the scene well, the efficiency of the dynamic load applying method is low, the magnitude of the applied load is inaccurate to grasp, the power source is unstable, and the conclusion is poor in matching with the scene situation; like using a blasting material such as a firecracker or a detonator, a manner of applying a dynamic load to a model by a blasting technique is also common, and although the load is definitely variable, the load applying direction is uncontrollable, and the test process is dangerous and has a general effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation experiment device capable of applying controllable impact load so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the simulation experiment device capable of applying controllable impact load comprises a support frame and a similar material model frame, wherein the support frame and the similar material model frame are arranged on a base, and the similar material model frame is positioned at the rear side of the support frame; the inner sides of the upper end and the lower end of the right side of the support frame are respectively and fixedly provided with an upper synchronous wheel fixing frame and a lower synchronous wheel fixing frame, the left side of the support frame is provided with a left side plate, and the inner sides of the upper end and the lower end of the left side plate are respectively and fixedly provided with an upper bearing seat and a lower bearing seat; an upper synchronizing wheel and a lower synchronizing wheel are respectively arranged in the upper synchronizing wheel fixing frame and the lower synchronizing wheel fixing frame; the device comprises a lower connecting shaft, an upper chain wheel and a lower chain wheel, wherein the upper chain wheel and the upper synchronizing wheel are respectively sleeved at the left end and the right end of the upper connecting shaft, the upper chain wheel and the upper synchronizing wheel are fixedly connected with the upper connecting shaft, the lower chain wheel and the lower synchronizing wheel are respectively sleeved at the left end and the right end of the lower connecting shaft, and the lower chain wheel and the lower synchronizing wheel are fixedly connected with the lower connecting shaft; the left end of the upper connecting shaft is rotationally connected with the upper bearing seat through a bearing, the right end of the upper connecting shaft is rotationally connected with the upper synchronous wheel fixing frame, the left end of the lower connecting shaft is rotationally connected with the lower bearing seat through a bearing, and the right end of the lower connecting shaft is rotationally connected with the lower synchronous wheel fixing frame; a chain is arranged between the upper chain wheel and the lower chain wheel, and a synchronous belt is arranged between the upper synchronous wheel and the lower synchronous wheel; the middle part of the upper connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a swing rod, and the lower end of the swing rod is provided with a pendulum; the left side wall of the left side plate is fixedly connected with a reading disc, the left end of the lower connecting shaft sequentially penetrates through the left side plate and the reading disc and extends to the left side of the reading disc, and the axial center line of the reading disc and the axial center line of the lower connecting shaft are on the same straight line; the part of the lower connecting shaft positioned at the left side of the reading disk is fixedly connected with a handle, and the outer side of the joint of the handle and the lower connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a pointer.
Preferably, the pendulum comprises a hammer head and a threaded rod fixedly arranged on the front side of the hammer head, a plurality of weights are connected in series on the threaded rod, and the weights are fixed on the threaded rod through nuts.
Preferably, the upper chain wheel is fixedly connected with the upper connecting shaft, the upper synchronizing wheel is fixedly connected with the upper connecting shaft, the lower chain wheel is fixedly connected with the lower connecting shaft, and the lower synchronizing wheel is fixedly connected with the lower connecting shaft through keys.
Preferably, the reading disk is carved with an angle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the simple pendulum impact device is used for replacing traditional mechanical equipment, the operation is simple, the applied dynamic load is stable in size and direction, and the controllability is realized; the impact load applying direction is in the similar model, and meanwhile, different applying positions of the tunnel top plate, the upper part and the bottom plate can be adjusted; the test result can reflect the deformation damage characteristics of the roadway under dynamic and static loads, and the test effect meets the requirements.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a right side schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the synchronizing wheel mounting relationship of the present invention (left side panel not shown);
FIG. 3 is a left side schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sprocket mounting relationship of the present invention (left side plate not shown);
fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an upper synchronizing wheel fixing frame; 2. a synchronous wheel is arranged; 3. a synchronous belt; 4. a pendulum; 5. a base; 6. a similar material model frame; 7. an impact bar; 8. a matched sliding cylinder; 9. a support frame; 10. a threaded rod; 11. a nut; 12. a weight; 13. a hammer head; 14. an upper connecting shaft; 15. reading a disc; 16. a chain; 17. an upper sprocket; 18. an upper bearing seat; 19. opening holes; 20. a left side plate; 21. a handle; 22. a light swing rod; 23. a lower synchronizing wheel fixing frame; 24. a lower bearing seat; 25. a lower connecting shaft; 26. a lower synchronizing wheel; 27. a lower sprocket; 28. a pointer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-5, a simulation experiment device capable of applying controllable impact load comprises a supporting frame 9 and a similar material model frame 6, wherein the supporting frame 9 and the similar material model frame 6 are arranged on a base 5, and the similar material model frame 6 is positioned at the rear side of the supporting frame 9; the inner sides of the upper end and the lower end of the right side of the support frame 9 are respectively and fixedly provided with an upper synchronizing wheel fixing frame 1 and a lower synchronizing wheel fixing frame 23, the left side of the support frame 9 is provided with a left side plate 20, and the inner sides of the upper end and the lower end of the left side plate 20 are respectively and fixedly provided with an upper bearing seat 18 and a lower bearing seat 24; an upper synchronizing wheel 2 and a lower synchronizing wheel 26 are respectively arranged on the upper synchronizing wheel fixing frame 1 and the lower synchronizing wheel fixing frame 23; the device further comprises an upper connecting shaft 14, a lower connecting shaft 25, an upper chain wheel 17 and a lower chain wheel 27, wherein the upper chain wheel 17 and the upper synchronizing wheel 2 are respectively sleeved at the left end and the right end of the upper connecting shaft 14, the upper chain wheel 17 and the upper synchronizing wheel 2 are fixedly connected with the upper connecting shaft 14 through keys, the lower chain wheel 27 and the lower synchronizing wheel 26 are respectively sleeved at the left end and the right end of the lower connecting shaft 25, and the lower chain wheel 27 and the lower synchronizing wheel 26 are fixedly connected with the lower connecting shaft 25 through keys; the left end of the upper connecting shaft 14 is rotationally connected with the upper bearing seat 18 through a bearing, the right end of the upper connecting shaft 14 is rotationally connected with the upper synchronous wheel fixing frame 1, the left end of the lower connecting shaft 25 is rotationally connected with the lower bearing seat 24 through a bearing, and the right end of the lower connecting shaft 25 is rotationally connected with the lower synchronous wheel fixing frame 23; a chain 16 is arranged between the upper chain wheel 17 and the lower chain wheel 27, and a synchronous belt 3 is arranged between the upper synchronous wheel 2 and the lower synchronous wheel 26; a light swing rod 22 is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper connecting shaft 14, and a pendulum 4 is arranged at the lower end of the swing rod 22; the left side wall of the left side plate 20 is fixedly connected with a reading disc 15 (an angle is carved on the left side disc surface), the left end of a lower connecting shaft 25 sequentially penetrates through the left side plate 20 and the reading disc 15 and extends to the left side of the reading disc 15, the part of the lower connecting shaft 25 positioned at the left side of the reading disc 15 is fixedly connected with a handle 21, and the outer side of the joint of the handle 21 and the lower connecting shaft 25 is fixedly connected with a pointer 28 (used for recording the pre-elevation angle of the swing rod and the primary rebound angle of the swing rod).
The pendulum 4 comprises a hammer 13 and a threaded rod 10 fixedly arranged at the front side of the hammer 13, wherein a plurality of weights 12 are connected in series on the threaded rod 10, and the weights 12 are fixed on the threaded rod 10 through nuts 11; the similar material model frame 6 is arranged right behind the supporting frame 9 in parallel and is used as a supporting device of a similar simulation material, the matched sliding cylinder 8 is embedded in the similar simulation material, the impact rod 7 is arranged in the matched sliding cylinder 8, the impact rod 7 is horizontally arranged, and the axis of the impact rod 7 is consistent with the striking center of the pendulum bob 4; the supporting frame 9 and one side of the similar material model frame 6 are provided with an opening 19 in a matching way, the inner diameter of the opening 19 is larger than the outer diameter of the hammer 13, and the impact rod 7 and the opening 19 are coaxially arranged; the periphery of the tunnel of the similar simulation material after excavation is provided with a plurality of dynamic acceleration sensors which are connected with a computer.
The pendulum impact experimental device has the working principle that: the potential energy difference between the pendulum bob before and after impact is used for calculating the impact absorption work, and the device is simple in design and is manually controlled, so that the secondary rebound (lift) after the pendulum bob impacts the rod piece is ignored here.
Specifically, the invention is used when:
firstly, embedding an impact rod piece and adjusting a pendulum device: in the process of laying a similar material model, embedding an impact rod 7 and a matched sliding cylinder 8 according to a preset dynamic load source direction, in the process of laying the material, enabling the impact rod 7 and the matched sliding cylinder 8 to pass through a perforated hole 19 on a support frame 9 and the similar material model frame 6, fixing the perforated hole by using a fixed ring, and ensuring that the axis part of a punched end of the impact rod 7 is consistent with the striking center of a hammer 13, and arranging a circular baffle at the tail part of the matched sliding cylinder 8; note if the slide position is off-set when laying a similar material over the mating sleeve 8. In addition, a soil pressure box and the like can be pre-buried for monitoring the dynamic stress around the roadway, after the roadway of a similar model is excavated, supporting treatment is carried out in the roadway, dynamic acceleration sensors are arranged on two sides and a top and a bottom plate and used for monitoring the acceleration change characteristics of the surface of the roadway under the impact dynamic load, and monitoring equipment such as a high-speed camera, a total station and the like can be used for capturing the surrounding rock crack development condition and the surface displacement change condition of the roadway under the influence of the dynamic load;
second, impact load is applied: and pressurizing the upper part of the model, and performing a pendulum impact test after the model is stabilized. According to the working principle of the pendulum impact device, different load amounts are applied to a roadway model, weights 12 with different masses can be added and subtracted at the tail of a hammer head 13 and then fixed by bolts 11, or the initial pre-elevation angle (15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees and the like) of the pendulum impact can be changed by starting a handle 21. I.e. the handle 21 is started, the chain wheel 27 is driven to rotate, and the chain 16 is driven, so that the upper connecting shaft 14 is driven to rotate the upper synchronizing wheel 2, and the rotation angle is consistent through the synchronous belt 3. The energy of the roadway rock burst accident can reach 10 5 J、10 6 J、10 7 J and 10 8 And J, calculating the weight mass according to a similar theorem and an energy conservation theorem, thereby ensuring the consistency of impact energy applied to the device and the occurrence of field rock burst accidents. The calculation formula is as follows:
；
the pendulum mass is obtained by the formula (1-5)mAnd (3) calculating a formula (6). Wherein,-model dimensions;prototype size;-energy ratio;mpendulum mass;gthe local acceleration of the vehicle at the moment,L-pendulum length;α-pre-elevation of the pendulum before impact;β-the first lift angle of the pendulum after impact.
According to the preset impact energy, a given weight is placed on the hammer 13 and fixed, the initial position reading of the pointer 28 on the reading disc 15 is recorded, the handle 21 is rotated, the elevation angle of the light swing rod 22 is adjusted to a given angle, the pendulum is released, meanwhile, the reading of the pointer 28 on the reading disc is recorded in real time by adopting a high-speed camera, after the light swing rod 22 is impacted and is stopped, the reading data recording of the pointer on the reading disc by the high-speed camera is stopped, and the change condition of a roadway and surrounding rock is observed by using observation equipment.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The experimental method of the similar simulation experiment device capable of applying the controllable impact load comprises a supporting frame and a similar material model frame, wherein the supporting frame and the similar material model frame are arranged on a base, and the similar material model frame is positioned at the rear side of the supporting frame;
the inner sides of the upper end and the lower end of the right side of the support frame are respectively and fixedly provided with an upper synchronous wheel fixing frame and a lower synchronous wheel fixing frame, the left side of the support frame is provided with a left side plate, and the inner sides of the upper end and the lower end of the left side plate are respectively and fixedly provided with an upper bearing seat and a lower bearing seat; an upper synchronizing wheel and a lower synchronizing wheel are respectively arranged in the upper synchronizing wheel fixing frame and the lower synchronizing wheel fixing frame; the device comprises a lower connecting shaft, an upper chain wheel and a lower chain wheel, wherein the upper chain wheel and the upper synchronizing wheel are respectively sleeved at the left end and the right end of the upper connecting shaft, the upper chain wheel and the upper synchronizing wheel are fixedly connected with the upper connecting shaft, the lower chain wheel and the lower synchronizing wheel are respectively sleeved at the left end and the right end of the lower connecting shaft, and the lower chain wheel and the lower synchronizing wheel are fixedly connected with the lower connecting shaft; the left end of the upper connecting shaft is rotationally connected with the upper bearing seat through a bearing, the right end of the upper connecting shaft is rotationally connected with the upper synchronous wheel fixing frame, the left end of the lower connecting shaft is rotationally connected with the lower bearing seat through a bearing, and the right end of the lower connecting shaft is rotationally connected with the lower synchronous wheel fixing frame;
a chain is arranged between the upper chain wheel and the lower chain wheel, and a synchronous belt is arranged between the upper synchronous wheel and the lower synchronous wheel; the middle part of the upper connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a swing rod, and the lower end of the swing rod is provided with a pendulum; the left side wall of the left side plate is fixedly connected with a reading disc, the left end of the lower connecting shaft sequentially penetrates through the left side plate and the reading disc and extends to the left side of the reading disc, the part of the lower connecting shaft, which is positioned at the left side of the reading disc, is fixedly connected with a handle, and the outer side of the joint of the handle and the lower connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a pointer;
the pendulum comprises a hammer head and a threaded rod fixedly arranged at the front side of the hammer head, a plurality of weights are connected to the threaded rod in series, and the weights are fixed on the threaded rod through nuts;
the upper chain wheel and the upper connecting shaft, the upper synchronizing wheel and the upper connecting shaft, the lower chain wheel and the lower connecting shaft and the lower synchronizing wheel and the lower connecting shaft are fixedly connected through keys;
the reading disc is carved with an angle;
the experimental method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, embedding an impact rod piece and adjusting a pendulum device: in the process of laying a similar material model, embedding an impact rod and a matched sliding cylinder according to a preset dynamic load source direction, enabling the impact rod and the matched sliding cylinder to pass through the perforated holes on the support frame and the similar material model frame in the process of laying the material, fixing the impact rod and the matched sliding cylinder by using a fixed ring, ensuring that the axis part of the impact end of the impact rod is consistent with the striking center of the hammer head, and arranging a circular baffle at the tail part of the matched sliding cylinder;
second, impact load is applied: pressurizing the upper part of the model, performing a pendulum impact test after stabilizing, applying different load amounts to the roadway model according to the working principle of a pendulum impact device, adding weights with different masses to the tail part of the hammer head, and fixing the weights with bolts, or changing the initial pre-elevation angle of the pendulum impact by starting a handle; ensuring that the impact energy of the impact load is consistent with the occurrence of an on-site rock burst accident, and calculating the weight mass according to a similar theorem and an energy conservation theorem;
and placing and fixing a given weight on the hammer head according to preset impact energy, recording the initial position reading of the pointer on the reading disc, rotating the handle, adjusting the elevation angle of the light swing rod to a given angle, releasing the pendulum, simultaneously recording the reading of the pointer on the reading disc in real time by adopting the high-speed camera, stopping the high-speed camera to record the reading data of the pointer on the reading disc after the light swing rod is impacted to be stationary, and observing the roadway and surrounding rock change conditions by using observation equipment.
2. The experimental method of a simulation experiment device capable of applying controllable impact load according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, a soil pressure box is pre-buried for monitoring the dynamic stress around the roadway, after the roadway of a similar model is excavated, supporting treatment is carried out in the roadway, dynamic acceleration sensors are arranged on two sides, a top plate and a bottom plate and used for monitoring the acceleration change characteristic of the roadway surface under the impact dynamic load, and the development condition and the surface displacement change condition of surrounding rock cracks of the roadway under the influence of the dynamic load are captured through a high-speed camera.
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| CN111649900A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-09-11 | 山西银锋科技有限公司 | Anchor rod impact resistance testing system |
| CN112025708B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-09-21 | 北京理工大学 | Control system and method for completing knocking task by using field tool |
| CN112964444A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-15 | 河南科技大学 | Experimental loading and testing device for threaded connection structure |
| CN113202521B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-03-01 | 中国矿业大学 | Vertical column type energy-absorbing support simulation experiment device and method capable of adjusting pretightening force |
| CN114323972B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-03-17 | 山东科技大学 | Three-dimensional dynamic and static load test system and method for simulating deep roadway excavation |
| CN114964684A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-08-30 | 湖北理工学院 | Testing arrangement is used in computer software development |
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