CN109100026B - Device and method for inhibiting phase-dropping effect in heterodyne detection based on CCD camera - Google Patents
Device and method for inhibiting phase-dropping effect in heterodyne detection based on CCD camera Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for inhibiting a decoherence effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera, wherein the device comprises: the system comprises a laser, a first beam splitting chip, a local oscillator light path acousto-optic frequency shifter, a signal light path acousto-optic frequency shifter, a second beam splitting chip, an optical antenna, a reflector, a third beam splitting chip, a CCD camera, an image signal processing system and a signal-to-noise ratio feedback system; the frequency of the intermediate frequency heterodyne signal is reduced to a detectable interval of a CCD camera through two frequency shifters, the phase difference between optical heterodyne signals of different pixels is identified through an image processing technology, an optical heterodyne signal output sequence is adjusted according to the phase difference, so that the output signals of the pixels are superposed and output in the same phase, meanwhile, the optical heterodyne signal output sequence can be readjusted according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the heterodyne signal, the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal can be recalculated according to the adjusted optical heterodyne signal output sequence, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the heterodyne detection signal is obviously improved until the signal-to-noise ratio of the output optical heterodyne signal is.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser heterodyne detection, in particular to a device and a method for inhibiting a phase-dropping coherence effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera.
Background
Laser heterodyne detection has many advantages, but the performance of this technique is limited by various factors. In a research literature published in 2013 (Danwenjia et al. incoherent effect of rough target on synthetic aperture laser radar echo [ J ]. Physics reports 62(2):024204), the phenomenon that heterodyne detection signal-to-noise ratio is reduced due to the incoherent effect caused by the rough surface of the target is discussed. The decoherence effect can be described as the mismatch between the optical field of the signal light and the optical field of the local oscillator light, and the phenomenon of the mismatch of the optical fields is caused by the roughness of the surface of the target. The modulation effect of the target rough surface on the signal echo wavefront is shown in the attached figures 1, 2 and 3 in the specification. FIG. 1 is a diagram of the emergent wavefront of a light source, which is clearly shown to be quite flat; fig. 2 is a diagram of the wave front of the echo signal of the mirror, which shows that the wave front of the signal light is not significantly changed by the reflection of the mirror surface, and the wave front is still very flat; fig. 3 shows the echo wavefront of the signal light with the rough surface, and it can be seen that the rough surface has an obvious modulation effect on the echo wavefront of the signal light and the distortion of the echo wavefront of the signal light is serious. In the heterodyne detection process, the wavefront of the signal light and the wavefront of the local oscillator light are seriously mismatched due to the rough surface of the target, and finally the signal-to-noise ratio of heterodyne detection is obviously reduced. Therefore, the decoherence effect caused by the roughness of the target surface is still the core problem which hinders the development of the active heterodyne detection technology.
A research literature published in 1976 (David Fink and Samuel N.Vodopia, "coherent detection SNR of an array of detectors," appl. Opt.15,453-454(1976)) suggests and demonstrates the possibility of using a detector array to replace a single detector in an optical path to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of optical heterodyne detection. The optical heterodyne detection signal-to-noise ratio can be greatly improved by amplifying the output of each detector element in the array in a determined ratio and adding a determined phase offset, but the document does not describe how to determine the amplification ratio and the phase offset and how to correct the phase offset.
In the patent document of the university of electronic technology 'an optical field matching heterodyne detection apparatus and method based on an array detector' (publication number: CN 104568174 a, application number: 201510002065.4, application date: 2015 01-04), the university of electronic technology discloses an optical field matching heterodyne detection apparatus and method based on an array detector. The method has the following defects: firstly, the array detection device provided by the invention has a complex structure and is not easy to integrate, and the system of the invention needs to add a programmable amplifier at the rear end of each array element of the detector array, so that the system cost is extremely high, and therefore, the method of the invention has greater practical difficulty; secondly, the system uses the MCU module to perform a large amount of division operations, the MCU module is used to perform the division operations, extra errors are introduced, and the accumulation of errors of different detection elements reduces the stability of the system, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is not obviously improved.
Therefore, how to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of heterodyne detection is always an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a device and a method for suppressing the phase-dropping effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera, wherein the frequency of an intermediate frequency heterodyne signal is reduced to a detectable interval of the CCD camera by two frequency shifters, a phase difference between optical heterodyne signals of different pixels is identified by an image processing technique, and an optical heterodyne signal output sequence is adjusted according to the phase difference, so that output signals of each pixel are output in phase by superposition, and simultaneously, the heterodyne signal output sequence can be continuously recalculated and adjusted according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal until the signal-to-noise ratio of the output optical heterodyne signal is greater than or equal to a threshold, thereby significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of heterodyne detection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for suppressing the decoherence coherent effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera comprises: the system comprises a laser, a first beam splitting chip, a local oscillator light path acousto-optic frequency shifter, a signal light path acousto-optic frequency shifter, a second beam splitting chip, an optical antenna, a reflector, a third beam splitting chip, a CCD camera, an image signal processing system and a signal-to-noise ratio feedback system;
the laser beam generated by the laser is divided into a local oscillator beam and a signal beam by the first beam splitting chip, and the local oscillator beam and the signal beam are subjected to frequency shift by the local oscillator optical path acousto-optic frequency shifter and the signal optical path acousto-optic frequency shifter respectively to obtain a local oscillator frequency shift beam and a signal frequency shift beam;
the signal frequency shift light beam irradiates to a target through the second beam splitting sheet and the optical antenna, and the signal frequency shift light beam returned from the surface of the target passes through the optical antenna, the second beam splitting sheet and the reflector in sequence and then is combined with the local oscillation frequency shift light beam through the third beam splitting sheet;
the CCD camera mixes the combined signal frequency shift light beam and the local oscillation frequency shift light beam to generate an intermediate frequency optical heterodyne signal, the image signal processing system identifies the phase difference between different pixel optical heterodyne signals of the CCD camera, adjusts an optical heterodyne signal output sequence according to the phase difference, enables the output signals of all pixels to be superposed and output in the same phase, and calculates the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal;
the signal-to-noise ratio feedback system compares the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal with a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, and outputs signals obtained by in-phase superposition of pixel output signals if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value; and if the signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, feeding back the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal to an image signal processing system, and continuously adjusting the output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal and recalculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal according to the adjusted output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal until the signal-to-noise ratio of the output optical heterodyne signal is larger than or equal to the threshold value.
A method for suppressing the decoherence effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing a device for inhibiting the phase-fading effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera;
step 2: opening a laser to enable a signal light field to irradiate on a detected rough target, adjusting a third beam splitting sheet to enable a signal beam returned by the surface of the target to sequentially pass through the optical antenna, the second beam splitting sheet and the reflector, then pass through the third beam splitting sheet and the local oscillation frequency shift beam to be combined, and vertically enter the surface of a CCD camera;
and step 3: the CCD camera mixes the signal light beam and the local oscillation frequency shift light beam to generate a medium-frequency optical heterodyne signal, and the image signal processing system identifies the phase difference between different pixel optical heterodyne signals of the CCD camera;
and 4, step 4: the image signal processing system adjusts an optical heterodyne signal output sequence according to the phase difference, so that output signals of all pixels are superposed and output in the same phase, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal is calculated;
and 5: the signal-to-noise ratio feedback system compares the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal with a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, and outputs signals obtained by in-phase superposition of pixel output signals if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value; and if the signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, feeding back the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal to an image signal processing system, and continuously adjusting the output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal and recalculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal according to the adjusted output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal until the signal-to-noise ratio of the output optical heterodyne signal is larger than or equal to the threshold value.
Compared with the prior art, the device and the method for inhibiting the phase-dropping effect in heterodyne detection based on the CCD camera have the following technical advantages that:
1. the invention adopts a high-speed CCD camera as a light heterodyne signal receiving device, and belongs to an array detection mechanism. Compared with a single-detector heterodyne detection system, the optical heterodyne detection signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved.
2. The CCD camera is used as a signal receiving unit, the CCD camera technology is mature, and a commercial CCD camera is provided with a complete signal acquisition system, so that the system is simple in structure, low in device cost and high in practical application value.
3. The invention uses the CCD camera as a heterodyne detection device, calculates and adjusts different pixel output sequences by means of image processing, and feeds back signal-to-noise ratio information in real time based on a signal-to-noise ratio feedback system, thereby greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio improvement effect and the system stability.
4. In the invention, a singlechip MCU module is not used for carrying out a large amount of division operations in the process of identifying the phase difference of different array element signals, so that the extra error caused by the division operations of the MCU module in the existing scheme is eliminated, the system stability is improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio improvement effect is very obvious.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wavefront of a laser source;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the wavefront of a mirror echo signal;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rough surface echo signal wavefront;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a CCD camera based heterodyne detection system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of adjusting the output sequence of a CCD camera;
FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the output sequence of the CCD camera before adjustment; fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the adjusted CCD camera output sequence.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a device for suppressing a decoherence effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera, including: the system comprises a laser 11, a first beam splitting chip 12, a local oscillator light path acousto-optic frequency shifter 13, a signal light path acousto-optic frequency shifter 14, a second beam splitting chip 21, an optical antenna 22, a reflector 23, a third beam splitting chip 24, a CCD camera 31, an image signal processing system 32 and a signal-to-noise ratio feedback system 4;
a laser beam generated by a laser 11 is divided into a local oscillator beam and a signal beam by a first beam splitter 12, and the local oscillator beam and the signal beam are respectively subjected to frequency shift by a local oscillator optical path acousto-optic frequency shifter 13 and a signal optical path acousto-optic frequency shifter 14 to obtain a local oscillator frequency shift beam and a signal frequency shift beam;
the signal frequency shift light beam irradiates to the target 5 through the second beam splitting sheet 21 and the optical antenna 22, and the signal frequency shift light beam returned from the surface of the target 5 passes through the optical antenna 22, the second beam splitting sheet 21 and the reflector 23 in sequence and then is combined with the local oscillation frequency shift light beam through the third beam splitting sheet 24;
the CCD camera 31 mixes the combined signal frequency shift light beam and the local oscillation frequency shift light beam to generate a medium-frequency optical heterodyne signal, the image signal processing system 32 identifies the phase difference between different pixel optical heterodyne signals of the CCD camera, adjusts an optical heterodyne signal output sequence according to the phase difference, enables the output signals of all pixels to be superposed and output in the same phase, and calculates the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal;
the signal-to-noise ratio feedback system 4 compares the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal with a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, and outputs a signal obtained by in-phase superposition of output signals of each pixel if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold; if the signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than the threshold value of the signal-to-noise ratio, the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal is fed back to the image signal processing system 32, the image signal processing system 32 continuously adjusts the output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal and recalculates the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal according to the adjusted output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal until the signal-to-noise ratio of the output optical heterodyne signal is greater than or equal to the threshold value.
The invention reduces the frequency of the intermediate frequency heterodyne signal to the detectable interval of the CCD camera through two frequency shifters, identifies the phase difference between the optical heterodyne signals of different pixels through an image processing technology, adjusts the output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal according to the phase difference, enables the output signals of each pixel to be superposed and output in the same phase, and can continuously recalculate and adjust the output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the heterodyne signal until the signal-to-noise ratio of the output optical heterodyne signal is greater than or equal to a threshold value, thereby obviously improving the signal-to-noise ratio of heterodyne detection.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also discloses a method for inhibiting the phase-dropping effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: constructing a device for inhibiting the phase-fading effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera;
step 2: opening a laser to enable a signal light field to irradiate on the detected rough target 5, enabling a signal light beam returned by the surface of the target 5 to sequentially pass through an optical antenna, a second beam splitting sheet and a reflector, then combining the signal light beam with a local oscillation frequency shift light beam through the third beam splitting sheet, and vertically emitting the combined signal light beam to the surface of a CCD camera;
and step 3: the CCD camera mixes the signal light beam and the local oscillation frequency shift light beam to generate a medium-frequency optical heterodyne signal, and the image signal processing system identifies the phase difference between different pixel optical heterodyne signals of the CCD camera;
and 4, step 4: the image signal processing system adjusts an optical heterodyne signal output sequence according to the phase difference, so that output signals of all pixels are superposed and output in the same phase, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal is calculated;
and 5: the signal-to-noise ratio feedback system compares the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal with a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, and outputs a signal obtained by in-phase superposition of output signals of all pixels if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value; and if the signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, feeding back the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal to an image signal processing system, and continuously adjusting the output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal and recalculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal according to the adjusted output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal by the image signal processing system.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (2)
1. A device for suppressing the decoherence effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a laser, a first beam splitting chip, a local oscillator light path acousto-optic frequency shifter, a signal light path acousto-optic frequency shifter, a second beam splitting chip, an optical antenna, a reflector, a third beam splitting chip, a CCD camera, an image signal processing system and a signal-to-noise ratio feedback system;
the laser beam generated by the laser is divided into a local oscillator beam and a signal beam by the first beam splitting chip, and the local oscillator beam and the signal beam are subjected to frequency shift by the local oscillator optical path acousto-optic frequency shifter and the signal optical path acousto-optic frequency shifter respectively to obtain a local oscillator frequency shift beam and a signal frequency shift beam;
the signal frequency shift light beam irradiates to a target through the second beam splitting sheet and the optical antenna, and the signal frequency shift light beam returned from the surface of the target passes through the optical antenna, the second beam splitting sheet and the reflector in sequence and then is combined with the local oscillation frequency shift light beam through the third beam splitting sheet;
the CCD camera mixes the combined signal frequency shift light beam and the local oscillation frequency shift light beam to generate an intermediate frequency optical heterodyne signal, the image signal processing system identifies the phase difference between different pixel optical heterodyne signals of the CCD camera, adjusts an optical heterodyne signal output sequence according to the phase difference, enables the output signals of all pixels to be superposed and output in the same phase, and calculates the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal;
the signal-to-noise ratio feedback system compares the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal with a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, and outputs signals obtained by in-phase superposition of pixel output signals if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value; and if the signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, feeding back the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal to an image signal processing system, and continuously adjusting the output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal and recalculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal according to the adjusted output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal until the signal-to-noise ratio of the output optical heterodyne signal is larger than or equal to the threshold value.
2. A method for suppressing the decoherence effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: constructing a device for inhibiting the decoherence effect in heterodyne detection based on a CCD camera as claimed in claim 1;
step 2: opening a laser to enable a signal light field to irradiate on a detected rough target, adjusting a third beam splitting sheet to enable a signal beam returned by the surface of the target to sequentially pass through the optical antenna, the second beam splitting sheet and the reflector, then pass through the third beam splitting sheet and the local oscillation frequency shift beam to be combined, and vertically enter the surface of a CCD camera;
and step 3: the CCD camera mixes the signal light beam and the local oscillation frequency shift light beam to generate a medium-frequency optical heterodyne signal, and the image signal processing system identifies the phase difference between different pixel optical heterodyne signals of the CCD camera;
and 4, step 4: the image signal processing system adjusts an optical heterodyne signal output sequence according to the phase difference, so that output signals of all pixels are superposed and output in the same phase, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal is calculated;
and 5: the signal-to-noise ratio feedback system compares the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal with a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, and outputs signals obtained by in-phase superposition of pixel output signals if the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value; and if the signal-to-noise ratio is smaller than the signal-to-noise ratio threshold value, feeding back the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal to an image signal processing system, and continuously adjusting the output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal and recalculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical heterodyne signal according to the adjusted output sequence of the optical heterodyne signal until the signal-to-noise ratio of the output optical heterodyne signal is larger than or equal to the threshold value.
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| CN112305550A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-02 | 宁波飞芯电子科技有限公司 | Coherent detection device and method |
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| CN110967777B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-08-23 | 宁波飞芯电子科技有限公司 | Coherent detection receiving apparatus, coherent de-correlation processing method, device, and medium |
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