CN109098953B - Full-backheating compressed air energy storage method and full-backheating compressed air energy storage system - Google Patents
Full-backheating compressed air energy storage method and full-backheating compressed air energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-backheating compressed air energy storage method and a full-backheating compressed air energy storage system. This energy storage system includes transduction heat accumulation device and backheat power generation facility, and the transduction heat accumulation device includes: motor, compressor, backheat heat exchanger, cold water storage cistern, hot-water tank and underground aquifer, backheat power generation facility includes: the system comprises an expander, a generator, a regenerative heat exchanger, a hot water tank, a cold water tank and an underground aquifer; the energy storage method is characterized in that when energy is stored, the energy conversion and heat storage device works, air compression is completed by a multi-stage compressor which cools after each stage, and compressed air is injected into an underground aquifer for storage after the last stage of compression is cooled; when energy is released, the regenerative power generation device works, air expansion is completed by a multi-stage expander heated before each stage, and the air state at the last stage outlet of the expander is close to atmospheric parameters and is discharged into the atmosphere; the electric rotating efficiency of the fully regenerative compressed air energy storage system is 70.4-76.1 percent by adopting water with the minimum supercooling degree of more than 30 ℃ as a regenerative medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy engineering energy storage, and particularly relates to a full-regenerative compressed air energy storage method and a full-regenerative compressed air energy storage system.
Background
Compressed air energy storage is one of the energy storage technologies that can use on a large scale, and this energy storage technology is when the power consumption low ebb, opens the compressor and converts the electric energy into compressed air energy, and compressed air stores in underground water-containing stratum again, and when the power consumption peak comes temporarily, utilizes compressed air inflation to do work and drive the generator electricity generation, provides peak power for the user. When the compressed air energy storage system does not adopt heat regeneration, the heat consumption rate is 5500-6000KJ/(KW & h). Because the compressed air has high pressure, large volume flow, small air heat exchange coefficient and difficult heat storage of air compression heat and heat regeneration of expansion air, an industrial demonstration system adopts a cast iron block as a heat regeneration medium, the heat consumption rate of the compressed air energy storage system is 4200-.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the defects in the prior art, and the primary purpose is to provide a full-backheating compressed air energy storage method.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a full-regenerative compressed air energy storage system for realizing the method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is as follows:
a full-backheating compressed air energy storage method comprises the following processes: the air is compressed and stored by a multistage compressor which is cooled after stages, and then is expanded by a multistage expander which is heated before stages until the air is discharged, wherein water with the minimum supercooling degree of more than 30 ℃ is used as a regenerative medium, and the water quality requirement is the same as that of a boiler with the same pressure and the same grade.
Specifically, during energy storage, namely, during the electricity utilization valley, the energy conversion and heat storage device works, electric energy is converted into compressed air energy, and meanwhile, water with the minimum supercooling degree larger than 30 ℃ is adopted to store heat of the compressed air; when releasing energy, the regenerative power generation device works when the power consumption peak, compressed air can be converted into electric energy, meanwhile, regenerative water is adopted to carry out regenerative heating on the compressed air at the inlet of each stage of expansion machine, the inlet temperature of each stage of expansion machine is higher, the work is larger, in the regenerative heat exchanger, the compressed air taken out from an underground water-containing layer or the compressed air before each stage of expansion is heated, meanwhile, the water of a hot water tank is cooled, all the heat generated by air compression is regenerated in the air expansion process, cold water is stored in a cold water tank for recycling, and the air state at the last stage outlet of the expansion machine is close to atmospheric parameters and is placed in the atmosphere.
Wherein, the compression ratios of each stage of the compressor and the temperature of air at an inlet are respectively the same, the power consumption of the compressor is the minimum, the stage number of the compressor is 2-4 stages, and the compression ratio of each stage is the same and is 2.92-8.45; the expansion ratio of each stage of the expansion machine is the same as the temperature of air at an inlet, the work done by the expansion machine is the maximum, the stages of the expansion machine are 2-4 stages, and the expansion ratio of each stage is the same and is 2.76-7.63. The electric power consumed by the multi-stage compressor is 6.58-14.20MW, and the output power of the multi-stage expander is 5-10 MW.
Specifically, in the process of air compression, water with the minimum supercooling degree of more than 30 ℃ is used for heat storage, and the pressure of the water is 1.2-8.5 MPa; the temperature of inlet air of the compressor is-5-35 ℃, and the pressure of the air is 0.1 MPa; the air pressure of the final stage of the compressor is 6.82-6.83 MPa; in the regenerative heat exchanger, the inlet temperature of the compressed air is 136-308 ℃, the outlet temperature of the compressed air is 13-41 ℃, the inlet temperature of the water is 3-31 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the water is 120-288 ℃.
The depth of the underground aquifer is 350-600m, the temperature of compressed air after being taken out from the underground aquifer is 45-55 ℃, and the pressure is 3.50-6.33 MPa.
In the process of air expansion, regenerative heat is carried out by adopting heat-storage water, the pressure of the water is 1.2-8.5MPa, and the temperature of the water is 120-288 ℃; before each stage of expansion, the temperature of compressed air is 100-268 ℃, and the pressure is 0.2846-6.183 MPa; after each stage of expansion, the temperature of the compressed air is 14-55 ℃, and the pressure of the air after the final stage of expansion is 0.103-0.104 MPa.
A full-regenerative compressed air energy storage system for realizing the full-regenerative compressed air energy storage method comprises the following steps:
the energy conversion and heat storage device is used for converting electric energy into compressed air energy and compressing the air in multiple stages, the compressed air after each stage is cooled by the water of the cold water tank, the compressed air heat is stored in the hot water tank, and the compressed air after the outlet of the last stage of the compressor is cooled is stored in the underground water-containing layer;
the regenerative power generation device is used for converting compressed air energy into electric energy and performing multi-stage expansion on the compressed air, the compressed air taken out from an underground water-containing layer or the compressed air before expansion of each stage is heated by water in a hot water tank, the air compression heat is fully regenerated in the air expansion process, the water is cooled to 20.49-73 ℃ and stored in a cold water tank for recycling, and the air state at the last stage outlet of the expander is close to atmospheric parameters and is discharged into the atmosphere.
Wherein, the energy conversion heat accumulation device includes: the system comprises a motor, a compressor, a regenerative heat exchanger, a cold water tank, a hot water tank and an underground aquifer.
The regenerative power generation device comprises: the system comprises an expander, a generator, a regenerative heat exchanger, a hot water tank, a cold water tank and an underground aquifer.
Wherein the pressure of the cold water tank and the pressure of the hot water tank are respectively 1.2-8.5 MPa. The heat storage and regeneration system consisting of the cold water tank, the hot water tank and the heat regeneration heat exchanger also comprises a water pump and a valve set.
The compressed air is stored in the underground aquifer, and the depth of the underground aquifer is 350-600 m; the compressed air is taken out from the underground aquifer, the temperature is 45-55 ℃, and the pressure is 3.50-6.33 MPa.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the full-backheating compressed air energy storage method adopts water with the minimum supercooling degree of more than 30 ℃ as a backheating medium, the compressed air heat during energy storage is completely used for backheating of compressed air before expansion, the isentropic efficiency of a compressor and an expander is 0.9, the energy storage time of an energy conversion and heat storage device is 4 hours, the energy release time of a backheating power generation device is 4 hours, and the electric rotation efficiency of the full-backheating compressed air energy storage system is 70.4-76.1%. In addition, the full-backheating compressed air energy storage system is simple in structure and low in working medium cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fully regenerative compressed air energy storage system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fully regenerative compressed air energy storage system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fully regenerative compressed air energy storage system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a 3-stage total regenerative compressed air energy storage method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a full-backheating compressed air energy storage method and a full-backheating compressed air energy storage system.
< full regenerative compressed air energy storage method >
The full-backheating compressed air energy storage method comprises the following steps: the air is compressed by a multi-stage compressor which cools after each stage and then is stored in an underground water-containing layer, and then is expanded by a multi-stage expander which heats before each stage until the air state is close to atmospheric parameters and is discharged to the atmosphere. The compressor is composed of a multi-stage compression process of cooling after the stage, the expander is composed of a multi-stage expansion process of heating before the stage, water with the minimum supercooling degree of more than 30 ℃ is used as a heat regeneration medium, and the water quality requirement is the same as that of a boiler with the same pressure level.
Specifically, during energy storage, namely, during the electricity consumption valley, the energy conversion and heat storage device works, electric energy is converted into compressed air energy, the compressed air heat is stored by water with the minimum supercooling degree larger than 30 ℃, the inlet temperature of each stage of compressor is low, the power consumption is low, high-temperature air is cooled in the regenerative heat exchanger, meanwhile, water in the cold water tank is heated, the air compression heat is stored in the hot water tank, and the compressed air cooled at the last stage outlet of the compressor is injected into an underground aquifer for storage.
When releasing energy, namely the regenerative power generation device works at the peak of power consumption, compressed air can be converted into electric energy, the compressed air is heated and fully regenerates the air at the inlet of each stage of expansion machine, the inlet temperature of each stage of expansion machine is higher, the work is larger, in the regenerative heat exchanger, the compressed air taken out from an underground aquifer or the compressed air before expansion of each stage is heated, meanwhile, the water in the hot water tank is cooled, the cold water is stored in the cold water tank for recycling, and the air state at the last stage outlet of the expansion machine is close to the atmospheric parameter and is placed in the atmosphere side by side.
The compression ratios of all stages of the compressor are respectively the same as the temperature of air at an inlet, and the power consumption of the compressor is the minimum; the expansion ratio of each stage of the expander is the same as the temperature of air at the inlet, and the work of the expander is maximum.
Wherein, the number of the compressor stages can be 2-4 stages, and is preferably 3 stages; the compression ratio of each stage is the same and can be 2.92-8.45, preferably 4.16. During the working process of the energy conversion and heat storage device, the pressure of the heat storage water can be 1.2-8.5MPa, and is preferably 1.2 MPa; the temperature of inlet air of the compressor can be-5-35 ℃, and the design value is 20 ℃; the pressure is 0.1 MPa; after each stage of compression, the pressure of the air at the last stage of the compressor can be 6.82-6.83MPa, and is preferably 6.83 MPa; in the recuperative heat exchanger: the temperature of the water inlet can be 3-31 ℃, and the design value is 20 ℃; the temperature of the outlet of the water may be 120-288 ℃, preferably 160 ℃; the inlet temperature of the compressed air may be 136-308 ℃, preferably 193 ℃; the outlet temperature of the compressed air can be between 13 and 41 ℃ and preferably 30 ℃.
The depth of the underground aquifer can be 350-600 m; the temperature of the compressed air after being taken out of the underground aquifer can be 45-55 ℃; the pressure may be 3.50-6.33 MPa.
The number of stages of the expander can be 2-4 stages, preferably 3 stages, the expansion ratio of each stage is the same and can be 2.76-7.63, preferably 3.86; in the working process of the regenerative power generation device, the pressure of the regenerative water can be 1.2-8.5MPa, and preferably 1.2 MPa; the temperature of the water can be 120-288 ℃, and is preferably 160 ℃; the temperature of the compressed air before each stage of expansion may be 100-268 ℃, preferably 150 ℃; the temperature of the compressed air after each stage of expansion may be between 14 and 55 ℃, preferably 29 ℃; the pressure of the air after the final stage of expansion can be 0.103-0.104MPa, the parameters are close to the atmospheric environment, and the air is directly discharged to the atmosphere.
< full backheating compressed air energy storage system >
The full-regenerative compressed air energy storage method which can be realized by the full-regenerative compressed air energy storage system comprises the following steps:
the energy conversion heat storage device converts electric energy into compressed air energy for carrying out multi-stage compression on air, the compressed air after each stage is cooled by the water of the cold water tank, the air compression heat is stored in the hot water tank, and the compressed air after the outlet of the last stage of the compressor is cooled is stored in the underground water-containing layer.
The regenerative power generation device is used for converting compressed air energy into electric energy and performing multi-stage expansion on the compressed air, the compressed air taken out from an underground water-containing layer or the compressed air before expansion of each stage is heated by water in a hot water tank, the air compression heat is fully regenerated in the air expansion process, the water is cooled to 20.49-73 ℃ and stored in a cold water tank for recycling, and the air state at the last stage outlet of the expander is close to atmospheric parameters and is discharged into the atmosphere.
Wherein, the energy conversion heat accumulation device includes: the system comprises a motor, a compressor, a regenerative heat exchanger, a cold water tank, a hot water tank and an underground aquifer.
The regenerative power generation device comprises: the system comprises an expander, a generator, a regenerative heat exchanger, a hot water tank, a cold water tank and an underground aquifer.
The energy conversion and heat storage device and the regenerative power generation device share the regenerative heat exchanger, the cold water tank, the hot water tank and the underground aquifer; the pressure of the cold water tank and the hot water tank can be respectively 1.2-8.5 MPa. The heat storage and regeneration system consisting of the cold water tank, the hot water tank and the heat regeneration heat exchanger also comprises a water pump and a valve set.
In the invention, the regenerative heat exchangers are arranged behind the compressors of all stages and in front of the expanders of all stages, and as for a three-stage full regenerative compressed air energy storage system, a No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger is arranged between the first-stage compressor and the second-stage compressor, a No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger is arranged between the second-stage compressor and the third-stage compressor, and a No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger is arranged at the outlet of the third-stage compressor. No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger is adopted in front of the inlet of the first stage expander, No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger is adopted in front of the inlet of the second stage expander, and No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger is adopted in front of the inlet of the third stage expander.
After each stage of compression, the compressor cools by using water with the minimum supercooling degree of more than 30 ℃, and the pressure of the water can be 1.2-8.5MPa, and is preferably 1.2 MPa; the number of compressor stages can be 2-4 stages, preferably 3 stages; the compression ratio of each stage of compressor is the same and is 2.92-8.45, preferably 4.16; the inlet temperature of air before the compressor compresses can be-5-35 ℃, and the design value is 20 ℃; the pressure is 0.1 MPa; the air pressure at the final stage of the compressor may be 6.82-6.83MPa, preferably 6.83 MPa; in the recuperative heat exchanger: the temperature of the inlet water can be 3-31 ℃, and the design value is 20 ℃; the temperature of the effluent can be 120-288 ℃, and is preferably 160 ℃; the inlet temperature of the compressed air may be 136-308 ℃, preferably 193 ℃; the outlet temperature may be in the range 13-41 deg.C, preferably 30 deg.C.
The depth of the water-bearing stratum stored in the underground water-bearing stratum can be 350-600 m; the temperature of the compressed air after being taken out of the underground aquifer can be 45-55 ℃; the pressure may be 3.50-6.33 MPa.
Compressed air taken out of an underground aquifer or air before expansion of each stage is firstly reheated by heat-storage water and then enters an expander to do work, the number of stages of the expander can be 2-4 stages, preferably 3 stages, the expansion ratio of each stage is the same and can be 2.76-7.63, preferably 3.86; the temperature of the compressed air may be 100-268 ℃, preferably 150 ℃ before each stage of expansion; the temperature of the compressed air after each stage of expansion may be between 14 and 55 ℃, preferably 29 ℃; the air pressure of the final stage of the expansion machine can be 0.103-0.104MPa, and the parameters are close to the atmospheric environment and are directly discharged.
The air compression heat of the compressor in the full-backheating compressed air energy storage system is completely used for heating the compressed air before the expansion of the expansion machine, the isentropic efficiency of the compressor is 0.9, and the energy storage time of the energy conversion and heat storage device is 4 hours; the isentropic efficiency of the expansion machine is 0.9, the energy release time of the regenerative power generation device is 4 hours, and the electric rotation efficiency of the full regenerative compressed air energy storage system is 70.4-76.1%.
In a word, the full-backheating compressed air energy storage system has the advantages of simple structure, low working medium cost and higher electric rotation efficiency.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
the process of the full regenerative compressed air energy storage method performed by the 4-stage 10MW full regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment includes the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, in the heat storage process, the valves such as the first valve a, the second valve b, the third valve c, and the like are opened, the valves such as the fourth valve d, the fifth valve e, and the sixth valve f are closed, air flows out from the outlet of the first-stage compressor 1, passes through the first valve a, enters the regenerative heat exchanger 9 No. 1, and water flows from the cold water tank 14, through the seventh valve g, the eighth valve h, the first water pump r, the eleventh valve k, the twelfth valve m, the thirteenth valve n, the second water pump s, the fifteenth valve q (at this time, the ninth valve i, the tenth valve j, and the fourteenth valve p are closed), flows into the regenerative heat exchanger 9 No. 1, and finally flows into the hot water tank 15. The processes of the second-stage compression, the third-stage compression, the fourth-stage compression and the heat exchange are similar to those of the first-stage compression, the third-stage compression and the fourth-stage compression, and are not described again. Similarly, in the heat releasing process, the valves such as the first valve a, the second valve b, the third valve c, and the like are closed, the valves such as the fourth valve d, the fifth valve e, and the sixth valve f are opened, the air at the outlet of the third stage expander 7 is heated by the recuperative heat exchanger 9 No. 1 before entering the fourth stage expander 8 for expansion, at this time, the hot water in the hot water tank 15 flows into the recuperative heat exchanger 9 No. 1, and then flows into the cold water tank 14 through the fourteenth valve p, the ninth valve i, the eighth valve h, the first water pump r, the eleventh valve k, the tenth valve j (at this time, the seventh valve g, the twelfth valve m, the thirteenth valve n, the second water pump s, and the fifteenth valve q are closed) after the air entering the recuperative heat exchanger 9 No. 1 at the outlet of the third stage expander 7 is heated. The expansion process and the heat exchange process of the other stages are similar to each other and are not described again.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) and a compression heat storage portion: when the compressor works during energy storage in an electric valley, the pressure of air at the inlet of the compressor (with the compression ratio of 2.92) is 0.1MPa, the temperature is 20 ℃, after the air is compressed by the first-stage compressor 1, the compressed air with the pressure of 0.2916MPa and the temperature of 135.8 ℃ enters the No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 9, the cold water at the temperature of 20 ℃ is heated to 120 ℃ and is sent into the hot water tank 15 for storage, the air is cooled to 30 ℃ and then enters the second-stage compressor 2, after the air is compressed by the second-stage compressor 2, the compressed air with the pressure of 0.8424MPa and the temperature of 149.7 ℃ enters the No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 10, the cold water at the temperature of 20 ℃ is heated to 120 ℃ and is sent into the hot water tank 15 for storage, the air is cooled to 30 ℃ and then enters the third-stage compressor 3, after the air is compressed by the third-stage compressor 3, the compressed air with the pressure of 2.4306MPa and the temperature of 150.1 ℃ enters the No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger 11, the cold water, the air is cooled to 30 ℃ and then enters a fourth-stage compressor 4, after being compressed by the fourth-stage compressor 4, the compressed air with the pressure of 6.986MPa and the temperature of 150.8 ℃ enters a No. 4 regenerative heat exchanger 12, cold water at the temperature of 20 ℃ is heated to 120 ℃ and is sent to a hot water tank 15 for storage, the air is cooled to 30 ℃ and then is injected into an underground aquifer 13 with the thickness of 350m for storage, wherein the first-stage compressor 1 comprises a first motor 16, the second-stage compressor 2 comprises a second motor 17, the third-stage compressor 3 comprises a third motor 18, and the fourth-stage compressor 4 comprises a fourth motor 19.
(2) And expansion heat release part: when the power consumption is high, the expander (the expansion ratio is 2.76) works, compressed air with the pressure of 6.33MPa and the temperature of 50 ℃ is taken out of the underground aquifer 13, the compressed air is heated by hot water with the temperature of 120 ℃ through a No. 4 regenerative heat exchanger 12, the pressure of air at the inlet of the first-stage expander 5 is 6.165MPa and the temperature of the air is 100 ℃, the compressed air with the pressure of 2.238MPa and the temperature of 14.0 ℃ enters a No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger 11 and is heated by the hot water with the temperature of 120 ℃ after being expanded through the first-stage expander 5, the pressure of air at the inlet of the second-stage expander 6 is 2.203MPa and the temperature of the air is 100 ℃, the compressed air with the pressure of 0.7999MPa and the temperature of 15.1 ℃ enters a No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 10 and is heated by the hot water with the temperature of 120 ℃ after being expanded through the second-stage expander 6, the pressure of air at the inlet of the third-stage expander 7 is 0.7912MPa and the temperature of 0.2872, Compressed air with the temperature of 15.6 ℃ enters a No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 9 and is heated by hot water with the temperature of 120 ℃, the pressure of air at the inlet of a fourth-stage expansion machine 8 is 0.2846MPa, the temperature is 100 ℃, after the compressed air is expanded by the fourth-stage expansion machine 8, the pressure of the air is 0.103MPa, the temperature is 15.8 ℃, the parameter of the air is close to the atmosphere and is directly discharged at the moment, wherein the first-stage expansion machine 5 comprises a first generator 20, the second-stage expansion machine 6 comprises a second generator 21, the third-stage expansion machine 7 comprises a third generator 22, and the fourth-stage expansion machine 8 comprises a fourth generator 23. The electric rotating efficiency of the 4-stage full-regenerative compressed air energy storage system is 70.4%.
Example 2:
the process of the full regenerative compressed air energy storage method performed by the 3-stage 10MW full regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment includes the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, the working process of the 3-stage full-regenerative compressed air energy storage system is as follows: after air enters a first-stage compressor 1 to be compressed, high-temperature and high-pressure air is obtained, then the air enters a No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat with water to release heat, the compressed air enters a second-stage compressor 2 to be compressed, the obtained high-temperature and high-pressure air then enters a No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with water to release heat, the compressed air enters a third-stage compressor 3 to be compressed, then enters a No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger 9 to exchange heat with water to release heat, the compressed air enters an underground aquifer 10 to be stored, and meanwhile, the heated water enters a hot water tank 12 to store heat; when the expander does work, compressed air is taken out from the underground aquifer 10, the compressed air enters the No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger 9 before entering the first-stage expander 4 to exchange heat with high-temperature water and absorb heat, then enters the first-stage expander 4 to do work, the expanded air enters the No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the high-temperature water and absorb heat, then enters the second-stage expander 5 to do work, the expanded air enters the No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat with the high-temperature water and absorb heat, then enters the third-stage expander 6 to do work, exhaust gas parameters are close to the atmosphere and are directly discharged, and the cooled water enters the cold water tank 11 to be stored.
Further, in the heat storage process, valves such as the first valve a, the second valve b, the third valve c and the like are opened, valves such as the fourth valve d, the fifth valve e and the sixth valve f are closed, air flows out from the outlet of the first-stage compressor 1, passes through the first valve a, enters the heat regenerator 7 of number 1, and water flows from the cold water tank 11, through the seventh valve g, the eighth valve h, the first water pump r, the eleventh valve k, the twelfth valve m, the thirteenth valve n, the second water pump s, the fifteenth valve q (at this time, the ninth valve i, the tenth valve j and the fourteenth valve p are closed), flows into the heat regenerator 7 of number 1, and finally flows into the hot water tank 12. The processes of the second-stage compression, the third-stage compression and the heat exchange are similar to those of the first-stage compression and the third-stage compression, and are not described in detail. Similarly, in the heat releasing process, the valves such as the first valve a, the second valve b, the third valve c, and the like are closed, the valves such as the fourth valve d, the fifth valve e, and the sixth valve f are opened, the air at the outlet of the second-stage expander 5 is heated by the recuperative heat exchanger 7 No. 1 before entering the third-stage expander 6 for expansion, at this time, the hot water in the hot water tank 12 flows into the recuperative heat exchanger 7 No. 1, and then flows into the cold water tank 11 through the fourteenth valve p, the ninth valve i, the eighth valve h, the first water pump r, the eleventh valve k, the tenth valve j (at this time, the seventh valve g, the twelfth valve m, the thirteenth valve n, the second water pump s, and the fifteenth valve q are closed) after the air entering the recuperative heat exchanger 7 No. 1 at the outlet of the second-stage expander 5 is heated. The expansion process and the heat exchange process of the other stages are similar to each other and are not described again.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) and a compression heat storage portion: when the compressor works during energy storage in an electric valley, the pressure of air at the inlet of the compressor (the compression ratio is 4.16) is 0.1MPa, the temperature is 20 ℃, after the air is compressed by the first-stage compressor 1, the compressed air with the pressure of 0.4155MPa and the temperature of 182.1 ℃ enters the No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 7, the cold water with the temperature of 20 ℃ is heated to 160 ℃ and is sent into the hot water tank 12 for storage, the air is cooled to 30 ℃ and then enters the second-stage compressor 2, after the air is compressed by the second-stage compressor 2, the compressed air with the pressure of 1.697MPa and the temperature of 197.6 ℃ enters the No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 8, the cold water with the temperature of 20 ℃ is heated to 160 ℃ and is sent into the hot water tank 12 for storage, the air is cooled to 30 ℃ and then enters the third-stage compressor 3, after the air is compressed by the third-stage compressor 3, the compressed air with the pressure of 6.973MPa and the temperature of 198.7 ℃ enters the No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger 9, the cold water with, the air is then cooled to 30 ℃ and then injected into the 350m underground aquifer 10 for storage, wherein the first-stage compressor 1 comprises a first motor 13, the second-stage compressor 2 comprises a second motor 14, and the third-stage compressor 3 comprises a third motor 15.
(2) And expansion heat release part: when the power consumption peak is in operation, the expander (the expansion ratio is 3.86) works, compressed air with the pressure of 6.33MPa and the temperature of 50 ℃ is taken out of an underground aquifer 10, the compressed air is heated by hot water with the temperature of 160 ℃ through a No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger 9, the pressure of air at the inlet of the first-stage expander 4 is 6.183MPa, the temperature is 152.9 ℃, the compressed air with the pressure of 1.601MPa and the temperature of 29.0 ℃ enters a No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 8 and is heated by the hot water with the temperature of 160 ℃ after being expanded by the first-stage expander 4, the pressure of air at the inlet of the second-stage expander 5 is 1.582MPa, the temperature is 150.5 ℃, the compressed air with the pressure of 0.4098MPa and the temperature of 28.6 ℃ enters a No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 7 and is heated by the hot water with the temperature of 160 ℃ after being expanded by the second-stage expander 5, the pressure of air at the inlet of the third-stage expander 6 is 0.4029MPa, the temperature is 149.7 ℃, the pressure of air after being expanded, The temperature is 28.4 c, where the air parameters are close to atmospheric and directly exhausted, where the first stage expander 4 comprises a first generator 16, the second stage expander 5 comprises a second generator 17, and the third stage expander 6 comprises a third generator 18. The electric rotating efficiency of the 3-stage full-regenerative compressed air energy storage system is 73.0%.
The principle of the three-stage compressed air energy storage system is shown in fig. 4, and the compression heat storage process is as follows: 1-2 is a first-stage compression process, and 2-3 is a process of exchanging heat between high-temperature air and water for the first time (entering a No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 7); 3-4 is the second stage compression process, 4-5 is the heat exchange process of the high temperature air and water for the second time (entering No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 8); 5-6 is a third stage compression process, and 6-7 is a heat exchange process of high-temperature air and water for the third time (entering a No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger 9); 7-8 are processes from injecting high-pressure air into the underground aquifer to storing the high-pressure air into the underground aquifer to taking the high-pressure air out of the underground aquifer. Expansion heat release process: 8-9 is a heat exchange process (entering a No. 3 regenerative heat exchanger 9) of low-temperature air and high-temperature hot water for the first time, and 9-10 is a first-stage expansion process; 10-11 is the process of heat exchange between the low-temperature air and the high-temperature hot water for the second time (entering the No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 8), and 11-12 is the second-stage expansion process; 12-13 is the heat exchange process of the low-temperature air and the high-temperature hot water for the third time (entering No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 7), and 13-14 is the third-stage expansion process and then discharged into the atmosphere.
Example 3:
the process of the method for performing full regenerative compressed air energy storage by using the 2-stage 10MW full regenerative compressed air energy storage system of the embodiment includes the following steps:
as shown in fig. 3, in the heat storage process, the valves such as the first valve a, the second valve b, the third valve c, and the like are opened, the valves such as the fourth valve d, the fifth valve e, and the sixth valve f are closed, air flows out from the outlet of the first-stage compressor 1, passes through the first valve a, enters the heat regenerator 5 No. 1, water flows from the cold water tank 8, passes through the seventh valve g, the eighth valve h, the first water pump r, the eleventh valve k, the twelfth valve m, the thirteenth valve n, the second water pump s, the fifteenth valve q (at this time, the ninth valve i, the tenth valve j, and the fourteenth valve p are closed), flows into the heat regenerator 5 No. 1, and finally flows into the hot water tank 9. The second stage compression and heat exchange processes are similar and are not described in detail. Similarly, in the heat releasing process, the valves such as the first valve a, the second valve b, the third valve c, and the like are closed, the valves such as the fourth valve d, the fifth valve e, and the sixth valve f are opened, the air at the outlet of the first-stage expander 3 is heated by the recuperative heat exchanger 5 No. 1 before entering the second-stage expander 4 for expansion, at this time, the hot water in the hot water tank 9 flows into the recuperative heat exchanger 5 No. 1, and then flows into the cold water tank 8 through the fourteenth valve p, the ninth valve i, the eighth valve h, the first water pump r, the eleventh valve k, the tenth valve j (at this time, the seventh valve g, the twelfth valve m, the thirteenth valve n, the second water pump s, and the fifteenth valve q are closed) after the air entering the recuperative heat exchanger 5 No. 1 at the outlet of the first-stage expander 3 is heated. The first stage expansion process and the heat exchange process are similar and will not be described again.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) and a compression heat storage portion: when the compressor works in the energy storage of the electricity valley, the pressure of air at the inlet of the compressor (the compression ratio is 8.45) is 0.1MPa, the temperature is 20 ℃, after the air is compressed by the first-stage compressor 1, the compressed air with the pressure of 0.845MPa and the temperature of 288.5 ℃ enters the No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 5, cold water at the temperature of 20 ℃ is heated to 268.5 ℃ and is sent into the hot water tank 9 for storage, the air is cooled to 30 ℃ and then enters the second-stage compressor 2, after the air is compressed by the second-stage compressor 2, the compressed air with the pressure of 7.005MPa and the temperature of 308.3 ℃ enters the No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 6, the cold water at the temperature of 20 ℃ is heated to 288.3 ℃ and is sent into the hot water tank 9 for storage, the air is cooled to 30 ℃ and then is injected into the 350m underground water-containing layer 7 for storage, wherein the first-stage compressor 1 comprises a first motor 10, and the second.
(2) And expansion heat release part: when the power consumption peak is carried out, an expander (the expansion ratio is 7.63) works, compressed air with the pressure of 6.32MPa and the temperature of 50 ℃ is taken out of an underground aquifer 7, the compressed air is heated by hot water with the temperature of 288.3 ℃ through a No. 2 regenerative heat exchanger 6, the pressure of air at the inlet of a first-stage expander 3 is 6.124MPa, the temperature of the air is 268.3 ℃, the compressed air with the pressure of 0.8023MPa and the temperature of 54.9 ℃ enters a No. 1 regenerative heat exchanger 5 and is heated by the hot water with the temperature of 268.5 ℃ after being expanded through the first-stage expander 3, the pressure of air at the inlet of a second-stage expander 4 is 0.786MPa, the temperature of the air is 248.5 ℃, the pressure of the air is 0.103MPa and the temperature of the air is 43.6 ℃ after being expanded through the second-stage expander 4, and the parameters of the air are close to the atmosphere and directly discharged, wherein the first-stage expander 3 comprises a first generator 12. The electric rotating efficiency of the 2-stage full-regenerative compressed air energy storage system is 76.1%.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A full-backheating compressed air energy storage method is characterized by comprising the following processes:
when energy is stored, the energy conversion and heat storage device works, electric energy is converted into compressed air energy, air compression is completed by a multi-stage compressor which is cooled after each stage, the inlet temperature of each stage of compressor is low, power consumption is low, high-temperature air is cooled in a regenerative heat exchanger, water in a cold water tank is heated at the same time, air compression heat is stored in a hot water tank, and compressed air cooled at the last stage outlet of the compressor is injected into an underground aquifer for storage;
when energy is released, the regenerative power generation device works, compressed air can be converted into electric energy, air expansion is completed by a multi-stage expander heated before each stage, the temperature of an inlet of each stage of expander is high, work is large, in a regenerative heat exchanger, compressed air taken out from an underground aquifer or compressed air before expansion of each stage is heated, water in a hot water tank is cooled, air compression heat is fully regenerated in the air expansion process, cold water is stored in a cold water tank for recycling, and the air state at an outlet of the last stage of the expander is close to atmospheric parameters and is placed in the atmosphere;
wherein the minimum supercooling degrees of the water stored in the cold water tank and the hot water tank and flowing in the regenerative heat exchanger are both more than 30 ℃;
in the regenerative heat exchanger, the inlet temperature of compressed air is 136-308 ℃, the outlet temperature of compressed air is 13-41 ℃, the inlet temperature of water is 3-31 ℃, and the outlet temperature of water is 120-288 ℃;
in the process of air compression, water with the minimum supercooling degree of more than 30 ℃ is used for heat storage, and the pressure of the water is 1.2-8.5 MPa; the temperature of inlet air of the compressor is-5-35 ℃, and the pressure of the air is 0.1 MPa; the air pressure of the final stage of the compressor is 6.82-6.83 MPa;
the number of stages of the compressor is 2-4, and the compression ratio of each stage is the same and is 2.92-8.45;
the depth of the underground aquifer is 350-600m, the temperature of compressed air after being taken out of the underground aquifer is 45-55 ℃, and the pressure is 3.50-6.33 MPa;
in the process of air expansion, regenerative heating is carried out by adopting heat-storage water, the pressure of the water is 1.2-8.5MPa, and the temperature of the water is 120-288 ℃; before each stage of expansion, the temperature of compressed air is 100-268 ℃, and the pressure is 0.2846-6.183 MPa; after each stage of expansion, the temperature of the compressed air is 14-55 ℃, and the pressure of the air after the final stage of expansion is 0.103-0.104 MPa;
in the air expansion process, the expansion machine has 2-4 stages, and the expansion ratio of each stage is the same and is 2.76-7.63;
the electric power consumed by the multi-stage compressor is 6.58-14.20MW, and the output power of the multi-stage expander is 5-10 MW.
2. A fully regenerative compressed air energy storage system implementing the method of claim 1, wherein: it includes:
the energy conversion and heat storage device is used for converting electric energy into compressed air energy and compressing the air in multiple stages, the compressed air after each stage is cooled by the water of the cold water tank, the compressed air heat is stored in the hot water tank, and the compressed air after the outlet of the last stage of the compressor is cooled is stored in the underground water-containing layer;
the regenerative power generation device is used for converting compressed air energy into electric energy and performing multi-stage expansion on the compressed air, the compressed air taken out from an underground water-containing layer or the compressed air before expansion of each stage is heated by water in a hot water tank, the air compression heat is fully regenerated in the air expansion process, the water is cooled to 20.49-73 ℃ and stored in a cold water tank for recycling, and the air state at the last stage outlet of the expander is close to atmospheric parameters and is discharged into the atmosphere;
the energy conversion heat storage device comprises: the system comprises a motor, a compressor, a regenerative heat exchanger, a cold water tank, a hot water tank and an underground aquifer;
the regenerative power generation device comprises: the system comprises an expander, a generator, a regenerative heat exchanger, a hot water tank, a cold water tank and an underground aquifer;
the depth of the underground aquifer is 350-600 m; and after the compressed air is taken out from the underground aquifer, the temperature of the compressed air is 45-55 ℃, and the pressure of the compressed air is 3.50-6.33 MPa.
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