CN109098871A - A kind of manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve - Google Patents
A kind of manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- CN109098871A CN109098871A CN201810909005.4A CN201810909005A CN109098871A CN 109098871 A CN109098871 A CN 109098871A CN 201810909005 A CN201810909005 A CN 201810909005A CN 109098871 A CN109098871 A CN 109098871A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/08—Deposition of black chromium, e.g. hexavalent chromium, CrVI
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/02—Etching
- C25F3/06—Etching of iron or steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of manufacturing methods of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve comprising following steps: step 1: roughing, carries out roughing to cylinder sleeve；Step 2: pretreatment carries out oil removing, processing of rust removing to cylinder sleeve；Step 3: cylinder sleeve is placed in electroplate liquid and carries out electroplating processes, plate wearing layer in inboard wall of cylinder liner, plates anti-corrosion layer in outer wall of cylinder jachet by plating；Step 4: cleaning；Step 5: anode etching carries out anode etching processing to cylinder sleeve, forms microgrid line in inboard wall of cylinder liner；Step 6: cleaning；Step 7: finishing respectively finishes inboard wall of cylinder liner and outer wall.Its hardness that can either improve inboard wall of cylinder liner surface and wearability, and can be improved the corrosion resistance on outer wall of cylinder jachet surface, improve cylinder sleeve of engine long term reliability, prolongs the service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufactures of engine of boat and ship cylinder, and in particular to a kind of manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve.
Background technique
Abrasion and corrosion are the main reason for IC engine cylinder block or cylinder sleeve fail under marine environment service condition.Ship hair
Motivation cylinder sleeve moves reciprocatingly in the operating condition with piston, undergoes severe high temperature, pressures cycle impact and strong wear, is
The most critical component of engine high-efficiency operation, and determine the major part of maintenance of the vessel cost.
Processing appropriate is carried out to cylinder sleeve of engine inner surface or piston, improving its surface abrasion resistance is to improve internal combustion engine work
Make the main means of performance and used life.Currently, in the manufacturing process of cylinder of internal-combustion engine and piston, surface treatment method master
There are two classes.
One is modified, coating or coating improve the hardness and wearability of cylinder surfaces, the method for use by surface
It mainly include surface hardening, plating hard chrome, chemical plating metal, laser surface hardening, plasma surface heat treatment etc.；
CN107377890A discloses a kind of method and device for improving marine diesel cylinder liner inner hole wearability, under as cast condition
Inner surface of cylinder liner carries out surface hardening, to improve the intensity and wear-resisting property of inner surface of cylinder liner, the only wearability of inner surface
Optimization can be made, it cannot be guaranteed that the corrosion resistance of outer surface.
The second is dropping the coefficient of friction between low friction pair by the oil-bearing structure on surface, improve lubricating condition, reduce abrasion,
The method of use includes laser ablation, flat top honing, spongy chromium plating, manufacture convex-concave surface etc..CN101839341B discloses one
Kind piston ring and its surface spongy chromium plating technique use spongy chromium plating on the working surface of piston ring, form layers of chrome reticulate pattern
Slot reduces the coefficient of friction of piston ring and cylinder sleeve, improves the service life of piston ring.
Large ship generates strong under higher temperature and bigger pressure in the process of running, between inboard wall of cylinder liner and piston ring
Strong abrasion, Service Environment is more severe, and using heavy oil as machine oil increase carbon distribution, corrosive gas and other impurities into
Enter between friction pair, generate more serious abrasive wear and corrosive wear, is easier to scuffing of cylinder bore and burn phenomenon, replacement cycle occur
Even it shorten to less than 1 year.More seriously, fuel oil and consumption of lubricating oil are very high, and not only environmental requirement is not achieved in discharge,
Consumption of lubricating oil cost also remains high.In addition to this, cylinder sleeve of engine outer surface is corroded since coolant liquid may contact seawater etc.
Property medium, easily generation erosion attack, also referred to as cavitation pitting accelerates the failure of cylinder sleeve.
Currently, the prior art is that the material for improving cylinder sleeve and casting technique, inner surface carry out laser ablation or flat top honing,
Certain wearability and oil-bearing structure are generated on its surface, wear-resisting property achieved and lubricating condition have reached or close biography
The limit for manufacturing method of uniting.The conventional production process process of cylinder sleeve are as follows: spray --- rough bore, roughing --- is rough turn outer
--- --- --- fine turning outer circle, end face and grooving --- inner surface honing --- are at inner surface in right boring hole for turning for round and end face
Reason.Existing large ship relies primarily on flat top honing with honing cylinder jacket inner surface oil-bearing structure, and a small number of products use spongy chromium plating.
The processing characteristic of honing cylinder jacket is divided into the thick top gem of a girdle-pendant and smart two stages of the top gem of a girdle-pendant, in actual production honing abrasive species and characteristic and
Randomness in manufacture is formed by oil-bearing structure and relies on very non-uniform polishing scratch, high-performance ship is not achieved to internal combustion engine
The requirement of performance.Any reinforcing of its surface free simultaneously, service life are had a greatly reduced quality, and maintenance cycle shortens, and cost greatly mentions
It is high.Laser etching techniques belong to the application of one of laser processing, pass through control laser technical parameters, laser beam or workpiece
Movement obtain the oil-bearing structure of certain shapes, while the abrasion condition of cylinder surfaces is also effectively improved.By 80 years
Generation, laser ablation and honing are combined into the main manufacture methods of current cylinder of internal-combustion engine parts with frication pair, but laser ablation
The oil-bearing structure of formation can not be met the requirements on the cylinder body and cylinder sleeve in face of large ship heavy duty internal combustion engine, still full at present
Foot not user needs, maintenance cost and machine oil loss are very high, increase energy demand and operating cost.Spongy chromium plating is
Mentioned by having in patent and document, intensive oil storage groove is formed while strengthening inner surface of cylinder liner, had both been improved wear-resisting
Property reduces the coefficient of friction between piston again.But the effect of the coefficient of friction reduction and machine oil saving reported is simultaneously unknown
It is aobvious, fail to form stable technique at home, application is relatively fewer.
It is higher to polishing machine and fuel-economizing requirement for the important application occasion including large ship, merely using single
Technological means or the manufacturing method of current comparative maturity cannot be met the requirements.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacturing methods of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve, can either improve inboard wall of cylinder liner table
The hardness and wearability in face, and can be improved the corrosion resistance on outer wall of cylinder jachet surface, what improvement cylinder sleeve of engine was used for a long time can
By property, prolong the service life.
The manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve of the present invention comprising following steps:
Step 1: roughing carries out roughing to cylinder sleeve, and the material of cylinder sleeve is gray cast iron, vermicular cast iron or alloy cast iron；
Step 2: pretreatment carries out oil removing, processing of rust removing to cylinder sleeve；
Step 3: cylinder sleeve is placed in electroplate liquid and carries out electroplating processes by plating,
Wearing layer is plated in inboard wall of cylinder liner, the wearing layer is one of hard chrome, chromium nickel, ferrochrome and chrome-cobalt alloy, and surface is hard
Degree is HV650 ~ HV1100,
Anti-corrosion layer is plated in outer wall of cylinder jachet, the anti-corrosion layer is chromium Base Metal, and chrome content is 70 ~ 98%；
Step 4: cleaning is successively cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried and dehydrogenation；
Step 5: anode etching carries out anode etching processing to cylinder sleeve, forms microgrid line in inboard wall of cylinder liner；
Step 6: cleaning is cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried；
Step 7: finishing respectively finishes inboard wall of cylinder liner and outer wall, and inner wall roughness is 0.3 ~ 0.8 μm, outer wall roughness
It is 3 ~ 10 μm, internal diameter ovality is ± 3 ~ 5 μm, and inner diameter vertical degree is ± 3 ~ 10 μm.
Further, rough machined dimensional parameters in the step 1 are as follows: rough machined cylinder sleeve internal diameter is bigger than finished product internal diameter by 400
~ 800 μm, rough machined cylinder sleeve outer diameter is 20 ~ 200 μm smaller than finished product outer diameter, and rough machined inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is 1 ~ 10 μm, outside
Wall roughness is 3 ~ 20 μm.
Further, the oil removal treatment in the step 2 are as follows: cylinder sleeve is placed in cleaning solution, is 50 ~ 100 DEG C in temperature
Under the conditions of 5 ~ 30min of oil removing；Processing of rust removing are as follows: derusted using one of pickling, mechanical grinding and sandblasting to cylinder sleeve.
Further, in the step 3 electroplate liquid of wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer composition are as follows:
The composition of the electroplate liquid of anti-corrosion layer are as follows: the content of chromic anhydride is 180 ~ 250g/L, and the content of sulfuric acid is 1 ~ 2.5g/L, sour ratio
CrO3 /SO4It is 100/1 ~ 200/1；
When wearing layer is hard chromium, the electroplate liquid composition of wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer is identical；
When wearing layer is one of chromium nickel, ferrochrome and chrome-cobalt alloy, electroplate liquid composition are as follows: the content of chromic anhydride is 180 ~
250g/L, the content of sulfuric acid are 1 ~ 2.5g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 100/1 ~ 200/1,10 ~ 35 g/L of nickel sulfate, chlorination
One of 5 ~ 25 g/L of 5 ~ 20 g/L of iron/ferric sulfate and cobaltous sulfate.
Preferably, in the step 3 electroplate liquid of wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer composition are as follows: the content of chromic anhydride be 200g/
L, the content of sulfuric acid are 2.0g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 120/1.
Further, the technological parameter of wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer is electroplated in the step 3 are as follows:
When wearing layer is hard chromium, wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer are electroplated in same electroplate liquid simultaneously using independent current source；
When wearing layer is one of chromium nickel, ferrochrome and chrome-cobalt alloy, wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer are electroplated accordingly respectively
It is electroplated in liquid；
Electroplating temperature is 50 ~ 65 DEG C, 40 ~ 75A/dm of current density2, 1 ~ 18h of electroplating time, thickness of coating is 20 ~ 400 μm.
Preferably, the technological parameter of wearing layer is electroplated are as follows: electroplating temperature is 55 DEG C, current density 65A/dm2, electroplating time
6h, thickness of coating are 310 μm.
Preferably, the technological parameter of anti-corrosion layer is electroplated are as follows: electroplating temperature is 55 DEG C, current density 50A/dm2, when plating
Between 1h, thickness of coating be 40 μm.
Further, the composition of the step 5 Anodic etching liquid are as follows: 20 ~ 100g/L of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate 30 ~
One or both of 2 ~ 10 g/L of 200g/L, 2 ~ 20 g/L of sodium phosphate, 1 ~ 5 g/L of disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium metaphosphate.
Preferably, the composition of the step 5 Anodic etching liquid are as follows: sodium hydroxide 65g/L, sodium carbonate 100g/L, phosphoric acid
Sodium 2g/L.
Further, the technological parameter of step 5 Anodic etching are as follows: use pulse dc power, pulse frequency is 1 ~
10Hz, current density are 10 ~ 20 A/dm2, etch period is 3 ~ 10min.
Preferably, the technological parameter of the step 5 Anodic etching are as follows: use pulse dc power, pulse frequency is
10Hz, current density 15A/dm2, etch period 7min.
Further, in the step 5 microgrid line dimensional parameters are as follows: microgrid line shape be overlapping curve and/or independent ditch
Slot, length are 0.1 ~ 15 μm, and depth is 20 ~ 100 μm, and reticulate pattern density is unit area 15% ~ 60%.
Preferably, in the step 5 microgrid line dimensional parameters are as follows: microgrid line shape be overlapping curve and/or independent ditch
Slot, length are 8 μm, and depth is 78 μm, and reticulate pattern density is unit area 50%.
Further, the outer surface of the cylinder sleeve anti-corrosion layer after step 7 finishing coats anti-corrosion resin coating, and coating is anti-
Rotten resinous coat can preferably improve the antiseptic property of outer wall of cylinder jachet, ensure that anti-corrosion effect.
Further, the anti-corrosion resin coating is epoxylite or phenolic resinoid.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art.
1, the present invention is by limiting steel jacket material as gray cast iron, vermicular cast iron or alloy cast iron, using electroplating technology in cylinder
Wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer are plated respectively on the inner and outer wall of set, are improved the hardness of inboard wall of cylinder liner, are increased inboard wall of cylinder liner
Wear-resisting property and outer wall corrosion resistance, using anode etching technics inboard wall of cylinder liner formed microgrid line, improve ship
The lubricating condition and reliability of engine long service, so that consumption of lubricating oil reduces 50 ~ 70%, service life improves 2 ~ 5
Times.
2, micro- reticulate structure of inboard wall of cylinder liner of the invention is not limited to the working region of piston top dead center and lower dead center, is convenient for
Subsequent maintenance recycles, and can quickly repair after reprocessing and continue to use 1 ~ 3 overhaul time.
3, the present invention ensure that wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer by carrying out particular determination to electroplate liquid, electroplating technological parameter
Performance can satisfy requirement.By adjust anode etching liquid composition and anode etch process parameters, to microgrid line size into
Row adjustment realizes that microgrid line size is controllable, since microgrid line has oil storage function, reduces the consumption of lubricating oil of cylinder sleeve.
4, the present invention carries out whole design by manufacture material, structure and the manufacturing process to cylinder sleeve, improves cylinder sleeve
Comprehensive performance obtains more traditional honing or laser etching process is more anticorrosive, composite cylinder jacket of the more long-life, and it is unnecessary to reduce
Process procedure and material consumption, reduce production cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of cylinder sleeve of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is process flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the microgrid line pattern schematic diagram of inboard wall of cylinder liner in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 4 is the Cross Section Morphology schematic diagram of inboard wall of cylinder liner microgrid line in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 5 is cylinder sleeve inner wall roughness curve graph in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 6 is the microgrid line pattern schematic diagram of inboard wall of cylinder liner in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 7 is cylinder sleeve inner wall roughness curve graph in the embodiment of the present invention two；
Fig. 8 is the microgrid line pattern schematic diagram of inboard wall of cylinder liner in the embodiment of the present invention three；
Fig. 9 is the microgrid line pattern schematic diagram of inboard wall of cylinder liner in the embodiment of the present invention four；
Figure 10 is the microgrid line pattern schematic diagram of inboard wall of cylinder liner in the embodiment of the present invention five.
In figure, 1-liner body, 2-wearing layers, 3-anti-corrosion layers, 4-microgrid lines.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one, referring to fig. 2, shown in engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve manufacturing method comprising following steps:
Step 1: roughing, the finished size of cylinder sleeve are as follows: internal diameter 400mm, outer diameter 600mm, length 900mm；
Cylinder sleeve is made using casting, roughing then carried out to cylinder sleeve, the material of cylinder sleeve is gray cast iron, in rough machined cylinder sleeve
Diameter is 600 μm bigger than finished product internal diameter, and rough machined cylinder sleeve outer diameter is 70 μm smaller than finished product outer diameter, and rough machined inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is
5 μm, outer wall roughness is 8 μm.
Step 2: pretreatment carries out oil removal treatment to cylinder sleeve first, using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, surface
Activating agent and emulsifier mixed aqueous solution apply ultrasonic wave added under conditions of temperature is 80 DEG C and clean 25min, are then removed
Rust processing using 10% aqueous sulfuric acid pickling 5min, then cleans 3min with clear water and guarantees noresidue.
Step 3: cylinder sleeve is placed in electroplate liquid and carries out electroplating processes, plates wearing layer in inboard wall of cylinder liner by plating, described
Wearing layer is hard chromium, plates anti-corrosion layer in outer wall of cylinder jachet, the anti-corrosion layer is chromium metal；Wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer
It is electroplated simultaneously in same electroplate liquid using independent current source, temperature is 55 DEG C, the composition of electroplate liquid are as follows: chromic anhydride CrO3Content be
200g/L, sulfuric acid H2SO4Content be 2.0g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 120/1；
Wearing layer electroplating technological parameter are as follows: current density 65A/dm2, electroplating time 6h, interval 0.5h make a call to a burr, surface is hard
Degree is HV750, and thickness of coating is 310 μm；
Anti-corrosion layer electroplating technological parameter are as follows: current density 50A/dm2, electroplating time 1h, thickness of coating is 40 μm.
Step 4: cleaning is successively cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried and dehydrogenation, is cleaned by ultrasonic first, temperature is
50 DEG C, scavenging period 10min, then be dried, it is then dehydrogenation 3h in 200 DEG C of baking oven in temperature.
Step 5: anode etching carries out anode etching processing to cylinder sleeve, forms microgrid line in inboard wall of cylinder liner；Anode etching
The composition of liquid are as follows: sodium hydroxide 65g/L, sodium carbonate 100g/L, sodium phosphate 2g/l；The technological parameter of anode etching are as follows: use arteries and veins
Rush DC power supply, pulse frequency 10Hz, current density 15A/dm2, etch period 7min；It is shown referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
Microgrid line shape be overlapping curve, length be 8 μm, depth be 78 μm, reticulate pattern density be unit area 50%.
Step 6: cleaning is cleaned by ultrasonic inboard wall of cylinder liner, and temperature is 50 DEG C, then scavenging period 5min is done
It is dry.
Step 7: finishing respectively finishes inboard wall of cylinder liner and outer wall；Inboard wall of cylinder liner is refined using inner circle mill
Processing, removes the micro-convex structure of micro- net grain surface, and referring to Fig. 5, inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is 0.5207 μm, and internal diameter ovality is ±
3 μm, inner diameter vertical degree is ± 7 μm；Outer wall of cylinder jachet is refined to finished product requirement assembly precision, and anti-corrosion layer surface roughness is 5
μm, then epoxy coating is coated in the outer surface of anti-corrosion layer.
Referring to Fig. 1, shown in engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve, including liner body 1 is electroplate on the inner wall of liner body 1
Wearing layer 2 is electroplate with anti-corrosion layer 3 on the outer wall of liner body 1, is etched with microgrid line 3 in 2 Anodic of wearing layer.It is wear-resisting
The setting of layer 2 and anti-corrosion layer 3, improves the hardness of inboard wall of cylinder liner, increases the wear-resisting property of inboard wall of cylinder liner, while using sun
Pole etching technics forms microgrid line on wearing layer, improves the lubricating condition and reliability of engine of boat and ship long service, warp
Verification experimental verification, consumption of lubricating oil reduce 55%, and service life improves 3.5 times.
Embodiment two, a kind of manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve comprising following steps:
Step 1: roughing, the finished size of cylinder sleeve are as follows: internal diameter 320mm, outer diameter 500mm, length 780mm；
Cylinder sleeve is made using casting, roughing then is carried out to cylinder sleeve, the material of cylinder sleeve is alloy cast iron, rough machined cylinder sleeve
Internal diameter is 500 μm bigger than finished product internal diameter, and rough machined cylinder sleeve outer diameter is 80 μm smaller than finished product outer diameter, rough machined inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness
It is 8 μm, outer wall roughness is 12 μm.
Step 2: pretreatment carries out oil removal treatment to cylinder sleeve first, using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, surface
Activating agent and emulsifier mixed aqueous solution apply ultrasonic wave added under conditions of temperature is 70 DEG C and clean 30min, are then removed
Rust processing using 10% aqueous sulfuric acid pickling 5min, then cleans 3min with clear water and guarantees noresidue.
Step 3: cylinder sleeve is placed in electroplate liquid and carries out electroplating processes, plates wearing layer in inboard wall of cylinder liner by plating, described
Wearing layer is chrome-nickel, the composition of electroplate liquid are as follows: chromic anhydride CrO3Content be 220g/L, sulfuric acid H2SO4Content be
2.5g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 110/1, nickel sulfate 10g/l；
Wearing layer electroplating technological parameter are as follows: current density 60A/dm2, electroplating time 8h, interval 0.5h make a call to a burr, surface is hard
Degree is HV800, and thickness of coating is 310 μm, and temperature is 60 DEG C；
Anti-corrosion layer is plated in outer wall of cylinder jachet, the anti-corrosion layer is chrome plating, the composition of electroplate liquid are as follows: chromic anhydride CrO3Contain
Amount is 250g/L, sulfuric acid H2SO4Content be 2.5g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 100/1；
The technological parameter of anti-corrosion layer is electroplated are as follows: electroplating temperature is 55 DEG C, current density 50A/dm2, electroplating time 1h, plating thickness
Degree is 40 μm.
Step 4: cleaning is successively cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried and dehydrogenation, is cleaned by ultrasonic first, temperature is
40 DEG C, scavenging period 15min, then be dried, it is then dehydrogenation 1.5h in 250 DEG C of baking oven in temperature.
Step 5: anode etching carries out anode etching processing to cylinder sleeve, forms microgrid line in inboard wall of cylinder liner；Anode etching
The composition of liquid are as follows: sodium hydroxide 80g/L, sodium carbonate 75g/L, sodium metaphosphate 2.5g/l；The technological parameter of anode etching are as follows: use
Pulse dc power, pulse frequency 8Hz, current density 10A/dm2, etch period 6min；Referring to Fig. 6, shown in it is micro-
Reticulate pattern shape is overlapping curve, and length is 5 μm, and depth is 90 μm, and reticulate pattern density is unit area 45%.
Step 6: cleaning is cleaned by ultrasonic inboard wall of cylinder liner, and temperature is 50 DEG C, then scavenging period 5min is done
It is dry.
Step 7: finishing respectively finishes inboard wall of cylinder liner and outer wall；Inboard wall of cylinder liner is refined using inner circle mill
Processing, removes the micro-convex structure of micro- net grain surface, and referring to Fig. 7, inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is 0.6127 μm, and internal diameter ovality is ±
3.5 μm, inner diameter vertical degree is ± 5.5 μm；Outer wall of cylinder jachet is refined to finished product requirement assembly precision, anti-corrosion layer surface roughness
It is 8 μm, then coats epoxy coating in the outer surface of anti-corrosion layer.
Embodiment three, a kind of manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve comprising following steps:
Step 1: roughing, the finished size of cylinder sleeve are as follows: internal diameter 400mm, outer diameter 550mm, length 750mm；
Cylinder sleeve is made using casting, roughing then is carried out to cylinder sleeve, the material of cylinder sleeve is vermicular cast iron, rough machined cylinder sleeve
Internal diameter is 400 μm bigger than finished product internal diameter, and rough machined cylinder sleeve outer diameter is 100 μm smaller than finished product outer diameter, and rough machined inboard wall of cylinder liner is coarse
Degree is 5 μm, and outer wall roughness is 10 μm.
Step 2: pretreatment carries out oil removal treatment to cylinder sleeve first, using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, surface
Activating agent and emulsifier mixed aqueous solution spray clean 30min under conditions of temperature is 60 DEG C, then carry out processing of rust removing, adopt
With 10% aqueous sulfuric acid pickling 3min, then 3min is cleaned with clear water and guarantees noresidue.
Step 3: cylinder sleeve is placed in electroplate liquid and carries out electroplating processes, plates wearing layer in inboard wall of cylinder liner by plating, described
Wearing layer is hard chromium, plates anti-corrosion layer in outer wall of cylinder jachet, the anti-corrosion layer is chromium Base Metal；Wearing layer and corrosion-resistant
Layer is electroplated in same electroplate liquid simultaneously using independent current source, and temperature is 60 DEG C, the composition of electroplate liquid are as follows: chromic anhydride CrO3Content
For 200g/L, sulfuric acid H2SO4Content be 1.8g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 110/1；
Wearing layer electroplating technological parameter are as follows: current density 50A/dm2, electroplating time 4.5h, interval 0.5h make a call to a burr, surface
Hardness is HV850, and thickness of coating is 210 μm；
Anti-corrosion layer electroplating technological parameter are as follows: current density 60A/dm2, electroplating time 1.5h, thickness of coating is 52 μm.
Step 4: cleaning is successively cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried and dehydrogenation, is cleaned by ultrasonic first, temperature is
60 DEG C, scavenging period 15min, then be dried, it is then dehydrogenation 2.5h in 200 DEG C of baking oven in temperature.
Step 5: anode etching carries out anode etching processing to cylinder sleeve, forms microgrid line in inboard wall of cylinder liner；Anode etching
The composition of liquid are as follows: sodium hydroxide 100g/L, sodium carbonate 150g/L, sodium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5g/l；The technological parameter of anode etching are as follows:
Using pulse dc power, pulse frequency 10Hz, current density 20A/dm2, etch period 10min；Referring to Fig. 8, institute
The microgrid line shape shown is independent groove, and length is 15 μm, and depth is 95 μm, and reticulate pattern density is unit area 20%.
Step 6: cleaning is cleaned by ultrasonic inboard wall of cylinder liner, and temperature is 40 DEG C, then scavenging period 10min is done
It is dry.
Step 7: finishing respectively finishes inboard wall of cylinder liner and outer wall；Inboard wall of cylinder liner is refined using inner circle mill
Processing removes the micro-convex structure of micro- net grain surface, and inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is 0.8 μm, and internal diameter ovality is ± 3 μm, and internal diameter hangs down
Straight degree is ± 5 μm；Outer wall of cylinder jachet is refined to finished product requirement assembly precision, and anti-corrosion layer surface roughness is 8 μm, then resistance to
The outer surface of corrosion layer coats epoxy coating.
Example IV, a kind of manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve comprising following steps:
Step 1: roughing, the finished size of cylinder sleeve are as follows: internal diameter 300mm, outer diameter 450mm, length 900mm；
Cylinder sleeve is made using casting, roughing then is carried out to cylinder sleeve, the material of cylinder sleeve is alloy cast iron, rough machined cylinder sleeve
Internal diameter is 500 μm bigger than finished product internal diameter, and rough machined cylinder sleeve outer diameter is 50 μm smaller than finished product outer diameter, rough machined inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness
It is 3 μm, outer wall roughness is 15 μm.
Step 2: pretreatment carries out oil removal treatment to cylinder sleeve first, using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, surface
Activating agent and emulsifier mixed aqueous solution apply ultrasonic wave added under conditions of temperature is 70 DEG C and clean 30min, are then removed
Rust processing using 10% aqueous sulfuric acid pickling 3min, then cleans 3min with clear water and guarantees noresidue.
Step 3: cylinder sleeve is placed in electroplate liquid and carries out electroplating processes, plates wearing layer in inboard wall of cylinder liner by plating, described
Wearing layer is ferrochrome, the composition of electroplate liquid are as follows: chromic anhydride CrO3Content be 180g/L, sulfuric acid H2SO4Content be
2.0g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 200/1, ferric sulfate 18g/l；Wearing layer electroplating technological parameter are as follows: electroplating temperature is 55 DEG C, electricity
Current density 55A/dm2, electroplating time 8h, interval 0.5h make a call to a burr, and surface hardness HV900, thickness of coating is 260 μm；
Anti-corrosion layer is plated in outer wall of cylinder jachet, the anti-corrosion layer is chromium Base Metal, the composition of electroplate liquid are as follows: chromic anhydride CrO3's
Content is 190g/L, sulfuric acid H2SO4Content be 1.9g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 100/1；Anti-corrosion layer electroplating technological parameter
Are as follows: electroplating temperature is 55 DEG C, current density 40A/dm2, electroplating time 0.8h, thickness of coating is 27 μm.
Step 4: cleaning is successively cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried and dehydrogenation, is cleaned by ultrasonic first, temperature is
50 DEG C, scavenging period 8min, then be dried, it is then dehydrogenation 1.5h in 250 DEG C of baking oven in temperature.
Step 5: anode etching carries out anode etching processing to cylinder sleeve, forms microgrid line in inboard wall of cylinder liner；Anode etching
The composition of liquid are as follows: sodium hydroxide 80g/L, sodium carbonate 200g/L, sodium phosphate 5g/l；The technological parameter of anode etching are as follows: use arteries and veins
Rush DC power supply, pulse frequency 10Hz, current density 18A/dm2, etch period 5min；Referring to Fig. 9, shown in microgrid
Line shape is independent groove, and length is 13 μm, and depth is 85 μm, and reticulate pattern density is unit area 15%.
Step 6: cleaning is cleaned by ultrasonic inboard wall of cylinder liner, and temperature is 50 DEG C, then scavenging period 10min is done
It is dry.
Step 7: finishing respectively finishes inboard wall of cylinder liner and outer wall；Inboard wall of cylinder liner is refined using inner circle mill
Processing removes the micro-convex structure of micro- net grain surface, and inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is 0.8 μm, and internal diameter ovality is ± 4 μm, and internal diameter hangs down
Straight degree is ± 7 μm；Outer wall of cylinder jachet is refined to finished product requirement assembly precision, and anti-corrosion layer surface roughness is 10 μm, then exists
The outer surface of anti-corrosion layer coats epoxy coating.
Embodiment five, a kind of manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve comprising following steps:
Step 1: roughing, the finished size of cylinder sleeve are as follows: internal diameter 450mm, outer diameter 650mm, length 780mm；
Cylinder sleeve is made using casting, roughing then carried out to cylinder sleeve, the material of cylinder sleeve is gray cast iron, in rough machined cylinder sleeve
Diameter is 800 μm bigger than finished product internal diameter, and rough machined cylinder sleeve outer diameter is 95 μm smaller than finished product outer diameter, and rough machined inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is
5 μm, outer wall roughness is 10 μm.
Step 2: pretreatment carries out oil removal treatment to cylinder sleeve first, using sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, surface
Activating agent and emulsifier mixed aqueous solution apply ultrasonic wave added under conditions of temperature is 80 DEG C and clean 40min, are then removed
Rust processing using 10% aqueous sulfuric acid pickling 5min, then cleans 3min with clear water and guarantees noresidue.
Step 3: cylinder sleeve is placed in electroplate liquid and carries out electroplating processes, plates wearing layer in inboard wall of cylinder liner by plating, described
Wearing layer is hard chromium, plates anti-corrosion layer in outer wall of cylinder jachet, and the anti-corrosion layer is chromium Base Metal, wearing layer and corrosion-resistant
Layer is electroplated in same electroplate liquid simultaneously using independent current source, and temperature is 60 DEG C, the composition of electroplate liquid are as follows: chromic anhydride CrO3Content
For 250g/L, sulfuric acid H2SO4Content be 1.8g/L, acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 180/1；Wearing layer electroplating technological parameter are as follows: electricity
Current density 75A/dm2, electroplating time 8.5h, interval 0.5h make a call to a burr, and surface hardness HV980, thickness of coating is 410 μ
m；Anti-corrosion layer electroplating technological parameter are as follows: current density 50A/dm2, electroplating time 1.8h, thickness of coating is 49.5 μm.
Step 4: cleaning is successively cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried and dehydrogenation, progress water spray cleaning first, temperature
It is 60 DEG C, scavenging period 25min, then is dried, then the dehydrogenation 3h in the baking oven that temperature is 300 DEG C.
Step 5: anode etching carries out anode etching processing to cylinder sleeve, forms microgrid line in inboard wall of cylinder liner；Anode etching
The composition of liquid are as follows: sodium hydroxide 95g/L, sodium carbonate 180g/L, sodium phosphate 2g/l, sodium metaphosphate 1g/l；The technique of anode etching
Parameter are as follows: use pulse dc power, pulse frequency 8Hz, current density 20A/dm2, etch period 10min；Referring to
Figure 10, shown in microgrid line shape be overlapping curve and independent groove, length is 12 μm, and depth is 65 μm, and reticulate pattern density is single
Plane product 40%.
Step 6: cleaning is cleaned by ultrasonic step inboard wall of cylinder liner, and temperature is 50 DEG C, scavenging period 10min, then
It is dry.
Step 7: finishing respectively finishes inboard wall of cylinder liner and outer wall；Inboard wall of cylinder liner is refined using inner circle mill
Processing removes the micro-convex structure of micro- net grain surface, and inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is 0.57 μm, and internal diameter ovality is ± 5 μm, and internal diameter hangs down
Straight degree is ± 10 μm；Outer wall of cylinder jachet is refined to finished product requirement assembly precision, and anti-corrosion layer surface roughness is 9 μm, then exists
The outer surface of anti-corrosion layer coats epoxy coating.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1: roughing carries out roughing to cylinder sleeve, and the material of cylinder sleeve is gray cast iron, vermicular cast iron or alloy cast iron；
Step 2: pretreatment carries out oil removing, processing of rust removing to cylinder sleeve；
Step 3: cylinder sleeve is placed in electroplate liquid and carries out electroplating processes by plating,
Wearing layer is plated in inboard wall of cylinder liner, the wearing layer is one of hard chrome, chromium nickel, ferrochrome and chrome-cobalt alloy, and surface is hard
Degree is HV650 ~ HV1100,
Anti-corrosion layer is plated in outer wall of cylinder jachet, the anti-corrosion layer is chromium Base Metal, and chrome content is 70 ~ 98%；
Step 4: cleaning is successively cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried and dehydrogenation；
Step 5: anode etching carries out anode etching processing to cylinder sleeve, forms microgrid line in inboard wall of cylinder liner；
Step 6: cleaning is cleaned cylinder sleeve, is dried；
Step 7: finishing respectively finishes inboard wall of cylinder liner and outer wall, and inner wall roughness is 0.3 ~ 0.8 μm, outer wall roughness
It is 3 ~ 10 μm, internal diameter ovality is ± 3 ~ 5 μm, and inner diameter vertical degree is ± 3 ~ 10 μm.
2. the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: slightly add in the step 1
The dimensional parameters of work are as follows: rough machined cylinder sleeve internal diameter is 400 ~ 800 μm bigger than finished product internal diameter, rough machined cylinder sleeve outer diameter than finished product outside
Diameter is 20 ~ 200 μm small, and rough machined inboard wall of cylinder liner roughness is 1 ~ 10 μm, and outer wall roughness is 3 ~ 20 μm.
3. the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in the step 2
Oil removal treatment are as follows: cylinder sleeve is placed in cleaning solution, oil removing 5 ~ 30min under conditions of temperature is 50 ~ 100 DEG C；
Processing of rust removing are as follows: derusted using one of pickling, mechanical grinding and sandblasting to cylinder sleeve.
4. the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in the step 3
The composition of the electroplate liquid of wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer are as follows:
The composition of the electroplate liquid of anti-corrosion layer are as follows:
The content of chromic anhydride is 180 ~ 250g/L,
The content of sulfuric acid is 1 ~ 2.5g/L,
Acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 100/1 ~ 200/1；
When wearing layer is hard chromium, the electroplate liquid composition of wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer is identical；
When wearing layer is one of chromium nickel, ferrochrome and chrome-cobalt alloy, electroplate liquid composition are as follows:
The content of chromic anhydride is 180 ~ 250g/L,
The content of sulfuric acid is 1 ~ 2.5g/L,
Acid ratio CrO3 /SO4It is 100/1 ~ 200/1,
One of 5 ~ 25 g/L of 10 ~ 35 g/L of nickel sulfate, 5 ~ 20 g/L of iron chloride/ferric sulfate and cobaltous sulfate.
5. the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: be electroplated in the step 3
The technological parameter of wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer are as follows:
When wearing layer is hard chromium, wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer are electroplated in same electroplate liquid simultaneously using independent current source；
When wearing layer is one of chromium nickel, ferrochrome and chrome-cobalt alloy, wearing layer and anti-corrosion layer are electroplated accordingly respectively
It is electroplated in liquid；
Electroplating temperature is 50 ~ 65 DEG C, 40 ~ 75A/dm of current density2, 1 ~ 18h of electroplating time, thickness of coating is 20 ~ 400 μm.
6. the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in the step 5
The composition of anode etching liquid are as follows:
20 ~ 100g/L of sodium hydroxide,
30 ~ 200g/L of sodium carbonate,
One or both of 2 ~ 10 g/L of 2 ~ 20 g/L of sodium phosphate, 1 ~ 5 g/L of disodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium metaphosphate.
7. the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the step 5 Anodic
The technological parameter of etching are as follows: use pulse dc power, pulse frequency is 1 ~ 10Hz, and current density is 10 ~ 20 A/dm2, etching
Time is 3 ~ 10min.
8. the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve according to right 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: microgrid in the step 5
The dimensional parameters of line are as follows: microgrid line shape is overlapping curve and/or independent groove, and length is 0.1 ~ 15 μm, and depth is 20 ~ 100 μ
M, reticulate pattern density are unit area 15% ~ 60%.
9. the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve according to right 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: after step 7 finishing
Cylinder sleeve anti-corrosion layer outer surface coat anti-corrosion resin coating.
10. according to the manufacturing method of engine of boat and ship cylinder sleeve described in right 9, it is characterised in that: the anti-corrosion resin coating is
Epoxylite or phenolic resinoid.
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