CN109096292A - 一种有机小分子探针、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种有机小分子探针、其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN109096292A
CN109096292A CN201810971994.XA CN201810971994A CN109096292A CN 109096292 A CN109096292 A CN 109096292A CN 201810971994 A CN201810971994 A CN 201810971994A CN 109096292 A CN109096292 A CN 109096292A
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罗稳
吕剑伍
房茹
赵永梅
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Abstract

一种有机小分子探针、其制备方法及应用,属于重金属离子检测技术领域,一种有机小分子探针,所述有机小分子探针的化学结构如式(I)所示:(I)。上述有机小分子探针的制备方法,合成路线如下:具体制备步骤如下:将呋喃并[2,3‑b]喹啉‑3,4(2H,9H)‑二酮(化合物a)、费舍尔氏醛(化合物b)及有机溶剂混合,然后滴加无机碱溶液或有机碱,加热回流至反应完全,反应结束后蒸出溶剂,用酸调pH至中性后,重结晶即可得所述有机小分子探针。

Description

一种有机小分子探针、其制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明属于重金属离子检测领域,具体涉及一种有机小分子探针、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
钯是一种应用于催化剂、电池、汽车产业航空、医药等领域不可或缺的贵金属。工业中钯金属的大量使用给我们的生活环境及人类健康带来了一定的危害。研究证实,钯离子进入体内后会运至肝脏等其他组织和器官,进一步与体内的DNA、氨基酸、蛋白质等生物大分子结合而干扰细胞的信息传递及其生理过程等。
传统的钯离子检测方法需要昂贵的仪器和成本及专业的技术人员。还具有无法定量检测的缺点。为克服以上缺点,因此,设计一种具有高灵敏度、高选择性、响应速度快的二价钯离子检测方法对保护和改善环境及人们的健康具有一定的意义。
发明内容
本发明首要目的是展示一种具有高灵敏度、高选择性、响应速度快的检测二价钯的有机小分子探针。本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述有机小分子探针的制备方法。本发明目的之三是提供一种上述有机小分子探针在二价钯含量检测中的应用。
基于上述目的,本发明采取如下技术方案:
一种有机小分子探针,所述有机小分子探针的化学结构如式(I)所示:
上述有机小分子探针的制备方法,合成路线如下:
具体制备步骤如下:将呋喃并[2,3-b]喹啉-3,4(2H,9H)-二酮(化合物a)、费舍尔氏醛(化合物b)及有机溶剂混合,然后滴加无机碱溶液或有机碱,加热回流至反应完全,反应结束后蒸出溶剂,用酸调pH至中性后,重结晶即可得所述有机小分子探针。
进一步地,所述的有机溶剂为乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷,四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,优选乙醇和四氢呋喃。
进一步地,所述的呋喃并[2,3-b]喹啉-3,4(2H,9H)-二酮、费舍尔氏醛及碱的摩尔比为1︰(1~2)︰(1~5)。
进一步地,所述的碱溶液为无机碱溶液或有机碱,无机碱溶液为5~30wt%氢氧化钠溶液或5~30wt%氢氧化钾,有机碱为吡咯烷,三乙胺或哌啶。
进一步地,所述的酸为无机酸盐酸,硫酸,硝酸和磷酸中的一种(优选体积分数为5~15的稀盐酸或体积分数为5~15的稀硫酸),或有机酸柠檬酸,苹果酸和抗坏血酸中的一种(优选地,以前述的有机溶剂作为溶剂,柠檬酸、苹果酸或抗坏血酸的体积分数为15~25%,)。
进一步地,所述的重结晶所用溶剂选自乙醇或乙酸乙酯或乙醚,与石油醚或正己烷的混合溶剂,体积比为1︰(1~3)。
上述有机小分子探针作为比色探针用于二价钯离子含量的检测。
上述有机小分子探针作为荧光探针用于二价钯离子含量的检测。
本发明的制备方法及产物具有如下优点:
1. 本发明的有机小分子探针反应步骤简单、只需一步,后处理方法简便,产率高。
2. 本发明的有机小分子探针用于二价钯离子检测可快速识别且裸眼可见其颜色变化,可以实现可视化检测。
3. 本发明的有机小分子探针用于二价钯离子的双响应,灵敏度高、响应快速。在365 nm下直接观察其荧光变化。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制得的有机小分子探针(I)的1H-NMR图;
图2是实施例1制得的有机小分子探针(I)的13C-NMR图;
图3是实施例1所得有机小分子探针(I)的紫外吸收强度随二价钯离子的浓度的变化曲线图;
图4是实施例1所得有机小分子探针(I)的荧光发射强度随二价钯离子的浓度的变化曲线图;
图5是实施例1所得有机小分子探针(I)对不同金属的选择性柱状图;
图6是实施例1所得有机小分子探针(I)的溶液加入二价钯离子前后的溶液对比图;
图7是实施例1所得有机小分子探针(I)的溶液加入二价钯离子前后的溶液在365nm紫外照射下的荧光对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例及附图对本发明作进一步的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
核磁谱图采用美国BrukerAV-300型核磁共振仪测定,氘代DMSO作溶剂,荧光光谱采用美国Agilent公司荧光分光光度计,紫外光谱采用北京莱伯泰科仪器有限公司UV9100A紫外分光光度计。其他参数参照常规仪器即可。
实施例1
本实施例的有机小分子探针(I),
具体合成步骤如下:
将400 mg的呋喃并[2,3-b]喹啉-3,4(2H,9H)-二酮(2 mmol)(即化合物a)加入到50 mL含有400 mg费舍尔氏醛(化合物b,2 mmol)的乙醇溶液中,边搅拌边缓慢滴加4 mL 10wt%氢氧化钠溶液,滴加完毕,加热回流6小时。反应结束后,蒸出溶剂,用体积分数为10%稀盐酸溶液调pH至中性。过滤,用乙醇/正己烷=1:1(体积比)的混合溶剂重结晶,得有机小分子探针(I)650 mg,产率86%。所得产物核磁谱图分别为图1、图2所示。产物鉴定数据如下:
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 8.10 (d, J = 6 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.48(d, J = 6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 12 Hz, 1H), 7.27 – 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.01 – 6.83(m, 3H), 5.53 (d, J = 12 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 1.57 (s, 6H).
13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO) δ 177.66, 173.78, 168.99, 163.04, 144.64, 142.35,139.02, 132.12, 128.39, 126.82, 126.01, 123.55, 122.87, 122.23, 121.20,108.43, 107.88, 101.41, 88.11, 46.31, 29.64, 28.37.
实施例2
本实施例的有机小分子探针(I),其合成步骤如下:
将400 mg的呋喃并[2,3-b]喹啉-3,4(2H,9H)-二酮(2 mmol)加入到50 mL含有400 mg费舍尔氏醛(2 mmol)的乙醇溶液中,边搅拌边缓慢滴加4 mmol吡咯烷,滴加完毕,加热回流6小时。反应结束后,蒸出溶剂,用体积分数为10%稀硫酸溶液调pH至中性。过滤,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚=1:2(体积比)混合溶剂重结晶,得有机小分子探针(I)600 mg,产率79%。产物鉴定数据同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例的有机小分子探针(I),其合成步骤如下:
将400 mg的呋喃并[2,3-b]喹啉-3,4(2H,9H)-二酮(2 mmol)加入到50 mL含有400 mg费舍尔氏醛(2 mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液中,边搅拌边缓慢滴加4 mmol三乙胺,滴加完毕,加热回流6小时。反应结束后,蒸出溶剂,用体积分数为20%苹果酸的四氢呋喃溶液调pH至中性。过滤,用乙醇/正己烷=1:1(体积比)的混合溶剂重结晶,得有机小分子探针(I)560 mg,产率74%。产物鉴定数据同实施例1。
性能测试:
(1)有机小分子探针(I)的紫外吸收强度随二价钯离子的浓度的变化
取Pd(OAc)2和实施例1制备的有机小分子探针(I)各自溶于DMSO中,均配制成10 mM储备液。取有机小分子探针(I)储备液10 μL于各10 mL的容量瓶中,并加入Pd(OAc)2储备液0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100 μL,用四氢呋喃定容至10 mL,配制成的溶液探针(I)浓度为10 μM,Pd(OAc)2浓度分别为0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100 μM。用紫外分光光度计测各个容量瓶中溶液的紫外吸收光谱,如图3所示。结果显示随着Pd(OAc)2浓度增加,最大吸收466 nm波长处的吸光度下降,并在544 nm处出现新的吸收峰。
(2)有机小分子探针(I)的荧光发射强度随二价钯离子的浓度的变化
取Pd(OAc)2和实施例1制备的有机小分子探针(I)各自溶于DMSO中,配制成10 mM储备液。溶液配制与上述相同,用荧光分光光度计测各个容量瓶中溶液的荧光发射光谱(激发波长为544 nm),如图4所示。结果显示有机小分子探针(I)在544 nm激发下荧光强度很弱,加入Pd(OAc)2后在573 nm处出现新的发射峰。在离子浓度为0~20 μM范围内,随着离子浓度的增加,荧光强度逐渐升高。
(3)有机小分子探针(I)对不同离子的选择性
取Pd(OAc)2、各金属盐和实施例1制备的有机小分子探针(I)各自溶于DMSO中,配制成10 mM储备液。取探针(I)各储备液用四氢呋喃稀释至10 μM。向10 μM的各探针溶液中加入Pd(OAc)2和不同金属离子的DMSO溶液,使Pd(OAc)2及不同种离子终浓度均为20 μM,用荧光光度计测探针溶液中加入不同种离子的荧光发射光谱。由图5可知,探针(I)与Pd(OAc)2孵育后,在573nm处荧光发射强度明显增加。而与其他离子(Pd0、Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Cu+、Ag+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+、Hg2+、Ba2+、Fe3+、Pd2+)孵育后,荧光强度并没有明显变化,说明探针(I)对二价钯具有很好的选择性响应。
(4)有机小分子探针(I)的可视化检测;
实施例1制备的有机小分子探针(I)溶于DMSO中,配制成10 mM储备液。取有机小分子探针(I)储备液用四氢呋喃稀释成两份10 μM的待测液。进行可视化检测。一份作为空白对照,另一份加入2当量的Pd(OAc)2进行肉眼观测。结果如图6所示,探针(I)为黄色(图6左),另一份加入2当量的Pd(OAc)2后溶液颜色由黄色迅速变为粉红色(图6右)。将此两个待测液放置在365 nm下照射,探针(I)为淡蓝色荧光(图7左),加入2当量的Pd(OAc)2,溶液为橙红色荧光(图7右)。以上实验结果证实有机小分子探针(I)具有紫外和荧光双响应,并且能够裸眼迅速检测二价钯离子。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所做的改变、修饰、替换、组合、简化均为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种有机小分子探针,其特征在于,所述有机小分子探针的化学结构如式(I)所示:
2.权利要求1所述有机小分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:将呋喃并[2,3-b]喹啉-3,4(2H,9H)-二酮、费舍尔氏醛及有机溶剂混合,然后滴加无机碱溶液或有机碱,加热回流至反应完全,反应结束后蒸出溶剂,用酸调pH至中性后,重结晶即可得所述有机小分子探针。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有机小分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷,四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
4.根据权利要求2所述的有机小分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的呋喃并[2,3-b]喹啉-3,4(2H,9H)-二酮、费舍尔氏醛及碱的摩尔比为1︰(1~2)︰(1~5)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的有机小分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的碱溶液为无机碱溶液或有机碱,无机碱溶液为5~30wt%氢氧化钠溶液或5~30wt%氢氧化钾,有机碱为吡咯烷,三乙胺或哌啶。
6.根据权利要求2所述的有机小分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的酸为无机酸盐酸,硫酸,硝酸和磷酸中的一种,或有机酸柠檬酸,苹果酸和抗坏血酸中的一种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的有机小分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的重结晶所用溶剂选自乙醇或乙酸乙酯或乙醚,与石油醚或正己烷的混合溶剂,体积比为1︰(1~3)。
8.权利要求1所述的有机小分子探针作为比色探针用于二价钯离子含量的检测。
9.权利要求1所述的有机小分子探针作为荧光探针用于二价钯离子含量的检测。
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