CN109093879B - Debromination device for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards - Google Patents
Debromination device for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards Download PDFInfo
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- CN109093879B CN109093879B CN201810766560.6A CN201810766560A CN109093879B CN 109093879 B CN109093879 B CN 109093879B CN 201810766560 A CN201810766560 A CN 201810766560A CN 109093879 B CN109093879 B CN 109093879B
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- debromination
- circuit boards
- waste circuit
- ball
- nonmetal
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- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000007256 debromination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 28
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
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- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 6
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- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001587 Wood-plastic composite Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011155 wood-plastic composite Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 bromine salt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005007 epoxy-phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004826 dibenzofurans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxanthrene Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
- B01D46/023—Pockets filters, i.e. multiple bag filters mounted on a common frame
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/04—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container
- B02C17/08—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container with containers performing a planetary movement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/10—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B17/0404—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2042—Hydrobromic acid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
- B01D2257/2062—Bromine compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a debromination device for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards, which adopts a planetary ball mill in a high-energy ball milling method for crushing. Compared with the common physical crushing method for recovering and crushing nonmetal particles of the waste circuit board, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the resource process is combined with the removal of the bromine-containing flame retardant, the treatment of the gas pollutants and the recovery of bromine resources, the defects that the serious secondary pollution is caused and the subsequent utilization is difficult to realize when the conventional crusher is adopted to treat the nonmetal of the waste circuit board in China are overcome, the cost is low, the structure is simple, the environment is friendly, the high-value recovery and utilization of nonmetal components in the circuit board can be realized, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a debromination device, in particular to a debromination device for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in recent years, the generation of household appliances and Electronic products is rapidly updated, and the amount of Electronic Waste (WEEE) is also increasing. The circuit board is used as a core component of various electronic and electrical products, and the scrapping amount of the circuit board is also increased sharply along with the massive scrapping of the electronic and electrical products and the leftover materials generated in the production process. The recycling of Waste Circuit Boards, namely Waste Circuit Boards (WPCB), is facing significant problems. The amount of waste printed circuit boards to be disposed of in mainland China is over 50 million tons each year. With the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in China, higher requirements on environmental protection are put forward. How to handle the huge number of WPCBs and fully recycle the WPCBs becomes a hot problem to be solved urgently.
The waste printed circuit board is a mixture of glass fiber reinforced resin and various metals, and belongs to typical electronic waste. WPCBs contain more than ten kinds of metals with higher recovery value, such as copper, gold, silver, palladium and the like, and have higher recovery value. If the metal content in the waste mobile phone circuit board is as follows: 280g/t of gold, 2kg/t of silver, 1000g/t of copper and 100g/t of palladium. The value of metal is the main economic driving force of the waste circuit board recycling industry, and the problem of non-metal recycling and reusing is often ignored and is often used as garbage to be randomly piled, buried or burned.
The non-metallic material in the printed circuit board is mainly a mixture of glass fiber, epoxy resin and phenolic resin, and accounts for more than 70% of the total mass of the circuit board. Wherein epoxy and phenolic resins are thermosetting resins and are difficult to melt and dissolve; the glass fiber has low heat value, can not be directly burnt, and needs to be added with a flame retardant; and the resin is generally added with a bromine-containing flame retardant, and the resin can be decomposed to release toxic PBDD/Fs and other gases by burning, so that strict requirements on tail gas treatment are met. Landfill is the main method of present large-scale treatment old and useless printed circuit board, not only can cause the waste of a large amount of materials, and harmful substance such as heavy metal, bromine-containing fire retardant in the circuit board can leach gradually, pollute soil, groundwater.
The pyrolysis can decompose the resin in the waste circuit board into micromolecular substances for recycling, and much research is carried out at present. However, because the PCB contains a small amount of the flame retardant polymer material containing bromine, harmful bromine-containing gas may be generated during the pyrolysis process (for example, brominated dibenzodioxin and polybrominated dibenzofuran may be generated from polybrominated diphenyl ether). Therefore, the pyrolysis method has the problems of high cost, further debromination of pyrolysis oil, secondary environmental pollution and the like, and further research is still needed for real application. At present, the waste circuit boards are treated by supercritical fluid, plasma and other methods, but the methods have higher cost and complex process, and the industrialization is not realized at present.
The physical method for treating the nonmetal of the waste circuit board is also a method which is researched at present, and generally, nonmetal powder is obtained by mechanical and physical methods such as crushing, sorting and the like, and then the nonmetal powder is used as a structural material filler, a plastic modifier, a building material modifier and the like, so that the characteristics of the nonmetal powder are utilized to enhance the characteristics of the raw materials such as bending, stretching, corrosion resistance and the like. The glass fiber cloth in the nonmetal is broken into short glass fiber, so that the mechanical property of the composite material can be enhanced, and the characteristics of nonmetal components of the waste circuit board are well utilized.
The Chinese invention patent CN10591459A method for preparing wood-plastic composite material by using waste printed circuit board provides a method for preparing paint with composite material resin ring fiber powder, wherein the resin ring fiber powder is derived from crushed material of waste electronic circuit board without components and leftover bits and pieces. The non-metallic material particles obtained by crushing and sorting the non-metallic material of the waste circuit board and screening the non-metallic material particles through a 80-mesh screen are used as raw materials to replace part of wood flour for producing the wood-plastic composite material, so that the environment-friendly wood-plastic composite material with good performance is obtained.
The method for preparing building materials and composite materials by using the waste circuit board non-metal materials as the filler is a very good method and is also a hot technique researched at present, but various technical methods proposed at present generally have the problems that the product performance is difficult to ensure and the bromine-containing substances remained in the product have hidden troubles of release, and limit the development of the utilization path of the non-metal material prepared composite materials and the application of the non-metal material prepared composite materials in industry. In addition, when the waste circuit board is broken, high temperature can be formed on the local part of the crushed material due to impact, shearing, friction and the like, the local instantaneous high temperature can reach more than 300 ℃, and resin in the waste circuit board can be thermally decomposed, so that polluting gases, especially bromine-containing hydrogen bromide gas, bromine-containing organic pollutants, toluene, phenol and other toxic pollutants, are released, and serious secondary pollution is caused.
Chinese patent CN 103537181A, "Tail gas treatment device and method in waste printed Circuit Board recovery Process", discloses a Tail gas treatment device and method in waste printed Circuit Board recovery Process. The method is characterized in that tail gas to be treated sequentially passes through an activated carbon adsorption device, a spray tower and a high-temperature combustion device, so that solid dust, heavy metal particles, inorganic non-metallic oxides and organic gas in the tail gas are removed, and the heat value of the organic gas is utilized in the high-temperature combustion part. The method can effectively treat harmful gas generated in the process of disassembling or crushing the circuit board, but does not combine the resource utilization of the circuit board material with the resource utilization of the circuit board material. And the wet absorption can generate a large amount of wastewater, and the wastewater needs to be treated.
How to leave no hidden danger of pollutant release in the product while recycling, and no secondary pollution is generated in the treatment process, which becomes the key for realizing real application of physical method recovery of non-metal components of waste circuit boards.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention aims to overcome the defect of the physical method for recovering the circuit board in debromination, and provides the synchronous debromination device for ball milling and crushing the nonmetal powder of the waste printed circuit board, which has the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency and no secondary pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the debromination device for the non-metal components of the waste circuit boards comprises a planetary ball mill, a bag type dust collector, a dry adsorption device and a negative pressure fan which are sequentially communicated, wherein the upper part of the planetary ball mill is communicated with the lower part of the bag type dust collector, the upper part of the bag type dust collector is communicated with the lower part of the dry adsorption device, and the upper part of the dry adsorption device is communicated with the negative pressure fan through an exhaust pipe;
the planetary ball mill comprises a ball milling tank and a shell, wherein the ball milling tank is arranged in a closed space formed by the shell; a feed inlet is formed in the upper part of the ball milling tank, and a discharge outlet is formed in the lower part of the ball milling tank; the feed inlet is provided with a feed inlet baffle for controlling the opening and closing of the feed inlet; the discharge port is provided with a discharge port baffle for controlling the opening and closing of the discharge port; a ball mill is arranged in the ball milling tank, a grid is arranged at the discharge port, and the maximum grid distance of the grid is smaller than the radius of the minimum ball mill; the lower part of the discharge hole is provided with a storage bin, and when the discharge hole is opened, the discharge hole is connected with the top of the storage bin; the ball mill is arranged on a turntable, and the turntable is communicated with the motor through a rotating shaft.
The debromination device for the nonmetal components of the waste circuit board comprises a planetary ball mill, a small bag type dust collector, a dry adsorption device and a negative pressure machine. Firstly, separating nonmetal particles which mainly comprise epoxy resin and glass fiber from the waste printed circuit board through pretreatment such as coarse crushing, sorting and the like, then putting the nonmetal particles into a ball-milling crushing synchronous debromination device for ball milling, and controlling the ball-milling time and temperature to enable bromine in the nonmetal separators of the waste printed circuit board to be in the form of low-molecular-weight bromide gas products (HBr, CH)3Br) volatilization and removal; the ball mill is connected with a dry adsorption device, the dry adsorption device is provided with an alkaline adsorbent bed layer, and harmful substances such as hydrogen bromide, phenol and the like generated in the pyrolysis process are adsorbed to generate harmless bromine salt compounds. The whole device is in a closed environment, and the influence of harmful gas on a human body is effectively prevented. Meanwhile, fine resin glass fiber powder with the particle size of less than 200 meshes is obtained through ball milling, and no harmful bromide is contained. The fine resin powder can be used as a filler in plastics and building materials, and plays a role in improving the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials. The invention has the advantages of simple device structure, cheap and easily obtained raw materials, high efficiency, no environmental pollution and the like, can realize the environment-friendly recycling of nonmetal in the waste printed circuit board, and overcomes the defect that the nonmetal components of the waste printed circuit board can generate serious secondary pollution when being buried or burned.
The discharge port of the ball milling tank is provided with a grid for preventing ball milling particles from flowing out of the discharge port when a discharge port baffle is opened; the feeding port and the discharging port are provided with baffles, the baffles are opened when the ball mill feeds or discharges materials, and the baffles are closed when the ball mill grinds to keep a sealed environment.
The crushing working principle of the ball mill of the invention is as follows: the combined powder and a ball-milling medium (such as steel balls) are put into a high-energy ball mill together for mechanical grinding, the powder is continuously subjected to high-speed collision of grinding balls, strong shearing, impact and extrusion are generated on materials, and finally, the interior of particles is broken to achieve the purpose of crushing. The material can be milled to a nanometer grade particle size by utilizing planetary high-energy ball milling.
The debromination principle can be realized in the ball milling process: harmful substances containing bromine can be released in the ball milling process, and the reason is that in the ball milling process, polymer molecular chains are broken under the action of huge instant stress to generate free radicals; or the impact and friction among the materials during ball milling form local high temperature (up to 300 ℃), so that the powder is heated to generate local thermal decomposition. Because the bond energy of the carbon-bromine bond in the polymer of the resin is low (about 300.5kJ/mol), the resin is easy to break, so that the bromine-containing part in the resin is firstly decomposed to become HBr or small-molecule organic bromide.
Harmful substances containing bromine and some phenolic organic matters volatilized in the resin ball milling process are generally acidic and are easily adsorbed by an alkaline adsorbent. Under the action of negative pressure, volatile substances generated in the ball milling enter a dry adsorption device, waste gas passes through a packing layer from bottom to top and is fully contacted with an alkaline adsorbent, acidic HBr and the alkaline adsorbent are subjected to chemical adsorption, organic bromide is mainly subjected to physical adsorption, the chemical adsorption effect is strong, and generated HBr gas can be completely absorbed. At the same time, the presence of the alkaline adsorbent inhibits the conversion of HBr to toxic organic bromine, so that more bromine is present in the form of non-toxic HBr.
Preferably, the top of the storage bin is a screen placed obliquely, an opening is formed in one side, lower than the bottom of the storage bin, of the screen, and the opening is connected with the feeding hole through a conveying belt.
A storage bin is arranged below the discharge port, and a screen is arranged at the upper part of the storage bin and used for screening the ball-milled fine resin glass fiber powder with small enough particle size. The mesh of the screen is consistent with the granularity of the fine resin glass fiber powder. The screen cloth side direction one side, what correspond the side has the opening, and the opening part has the conveyer belt to be connected to the ball mill feed inlet for the thing on the sieve is moved by gravity and is piled up to the opening part, is sent back the ball mill by the conveyer belt again and carries out the regrinding.
Preferably, the number of the ball milling tanks is four, and the four ball milling tanks are arranged on the same turntable. The four ball milling tanks are arranged on the same turntable, when the turntable rotates, the four ball milling tanks revolve around the turntable shaft and rotate around the self axis, and a motor provides rotary power for the rotation.
Preferably, a dust collecting hopper is arranged at the lower part of the bag type dust collector. The bag filter is used for filtering fine dust such as PM2.5, PM10 and the like in the air outlet of the ball mill. A dust collecting hopper is arranged below the bag-type dust collector to collect the filtered dust on the bag.
Preferably, the dry adsorption device is an adsorption tower, the adsorption tower is provided with 5-8 filler beds for placing an adsorbent. In the adsorption tower, the waste gas passes through the packing layer from bottom to top and is fully contacted with the adsorbent to remove acidic gases such as HBr, bromobenzene and the like.
Preferably, an acid gas detection system is connected between the negative pressure fan and the dry adsorption device.
The working principle of the acid gas detection system is as follows: and collecting part of gas flowing out of the adsorption tower, introducing the gas into pure water, and testing the acidity of the gas by using a pH tester. When the adsorption amount of the adsorbent tends to be saturated, the HBr concentration at the outlet of the adsorption tower sharply rises, and the corresponding pH value sharply falls, which indicates that the adsorbent should be replaced at the moment. If the sharp increase of the acidity of the gas flowing out of the adsorption device is detected during operation, the adsorption of the adsorbent tends to be saturated, and the adsorbent needs to be replaced.
In addition, if the bromine content of the non-metal particles is high, the sorbent adsorbs CaBr generated by bromine2More CaBr in the adsorbent can be further recovered by water leaching2For CaBr2Industrial production of the raw material.
Preferably, the negative pressure fan is connected with a gas combustion device.
The negative pressure fan is connected with the dry method absorption device through the exhaust pipe and used for providing a negative pressure environment for the whole device and extracting small molecule gas generated by pyrolysis or severe impact and friction during ball milling in the ball mill. The tail gas pumped out by the negative pressure fan also contains some micromolecular organic matters, such as formaldehyde, lower hydrocarbon, toluene and bromobenzene which are not easy to be adsorbed. After sampling and detecting, the tail gas pumped out from the negative pressure fan can be directly discharged (reach the standard) or combusted (not reach the standard) according to the requirements of the air pollution comprehensive discharge standard. If the concentration does not reach the standard, the device can be connected with a combustion device, so that toxic organic matters are combusted to become harmless water and carbon dioxide. The combustion device can be a secondary combustion furnace for treating municipal solid waste, and also can be other special high-temperature tail gas treatment equipment, and the temperature in the furnace is set to be not lower than 800 ℃. The fuel can be diesel oil, heavy oil, etc., and the tail gas has certain combustible gas, so that the combustor can reduce the oil supply and save the fuel when the temperature in the furnace is higher than 800 ℃. If the air is directly discharged, the air outlet of the negative pressure fan is arranged outside a workshop window, so that the cooling is facilitated.
Preferably, the mesh number of the screen is not less than 200 meshes.
More preferably, the particle size of the ultrafine resin glass fiber powder is not more than 50 μm.
Preferably, when the ball milling tank is used for ball milling, the ball-material ratio is 1 (0.5-2), the ball milling time is 3-7 hours, and the rotating speed of the ball milling tank is 200-.
Preferably, the suction rate of the negative pressure fan keeps the vacuum degree of the system between 0.01 and 0.02 MPa.
Preferably, the adsorbent is a powdered or granular alkaline adsorbent. The basic adsorbent may be an oxide or hydroxide of an alkali metal, e.g. with CaCO3The prepared calcium-based adsorbent has strong adsorbability, good purification effects such as deacidification and the like, and is cheap and easy to obtain. Preferably, conditions allow that a more expensive SDG adsorbent can be directly used, and the SDG adsorbent is a technically mature dry acid gas adsorbent and has excellent adsorption performance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the debromination device for the nonmetal components of the waste circuit boards adopts the planetary ball mill in the high-energy ball milling method for crushing, compared with the traditional ball milling process, the planetary ball milling method has higher movement rate, can fully crush harder materials, has high crushing efficiency, and can obtain nanoscale polymer powder. Therefore, the planetary ball milling is very suitable for processing the waste circuit board nonmetal particles obtained after common crushing.
Compared with the common physical crushing method for recovering and crushing nonmetal particles of the waste circuit board, the method disclosed by the invention combines the resource process, the removal of the bromine-containing flame retardant, the treatment of the gas pollutants and the recovery of bromine resources, overcomes the defect that the serious secondary pollution is generated when the conventional crusher is adopted to treat the nonmetal of the waste circuit board in China, and has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, environmental friendliness, capability of recovering and utilizing the nonmetal components in the circuit board with high value and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a debromination device for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a ball mill of the debromination device for the nonmetal components of the waste circuit board according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a ball mill of the debromination device for the nonmetal components of the waste circuit board according to the present invention;
wherein, 1, a ball milling tank; 2. a housing; 3. an exhaust pipe; 4. a feed inlet; 5. screening a screen; 6. a storage bin; 7. a discharge port; 8. a conveyor belt; 9. ball milling; 10. a bag type dust collector; 11. a dry adsorption unit; 12. a packing bed layer; 13. an acid gas detection system; 14. a negative pressure fan; 15. a motor; 16. a rotating bearing; 17. a discharge port baffle; 18. a conveyor belt lifting device; 19. grid forming; 20. a turntable; 21. a feed inlet baffle.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to an embodiment of a debromination device for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards, which is shown in the accompanying drawings 1, 2 and 3, and has a structure schematic diagram:
the debromination device for the nonmetal components of the waste circuit boards comprises a planetary ball mill, a bag type dust collector 10, a dry adsorption device 11 and a negative pressure fan 14 which are sequentially communicated, wherein the upper part of the planetary ball mill is communicated with the lower part of the bag type dust collector 10, the upper part of the bag type dust collector 10 is communicated with the lower part of the dry adsorption device 11, and the upper part of the dry adsorption device 11 is communicated with the negative pressure fan 14 through an exhaust pipe 3;
the planetary ball mill comprises a ball milling tank 1 and a shell 2, wherein the ball milling tank 1 is arranged in a closed space formed by the shell 2; the upper part of the ball milling tank 1 is provided with a feeding hole 4, and the lower part of the ball milling tank 1 is provided with a discharging hole 7; the feed inlet 4 is provided with a feed inlet baffle 21 for controlling the opening and closing of the feed inlet 4; the discharge port 7 is provided with a discharge port baffle 17 for controlling the opening and closing of the discharge port 7; a ball mill 9 is arranged in the ball milling tank 1, a grid 19 is arranged at the discharge port 4, and the maximum grid distance of the grid 19 is smaller than the radius of the minimum ball mill 9; the lower part of the discharge port 7 is provided with a storage bin 6, and when the discharge port 7 is opened, the discharge port 7 is connected with the top of the storage bin 6; the ball mill is arranged on a rotary table 20, and the rotary table 20 is communicated with a motor 15 through a rotating shaft 16.
The top of the storage bin 6 is provided with an obliquely arranged screen 5, the mesh number of the screen 5 is not less than 200 meshes, one side of the screen 5, which is lower than the bottom of the storage bin, is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected with the feed inlet through a conveying belt 8; the number of the ball milling tanks is four, and the four ball milling tanks are arranged on the same turntable 20; the lower part of the bag type dust collector 10 is provided with a dust collecting hopper; the dry adsorption device 11 is an adsorption tower, the adsorption tower is provided with 5-8 filler beds 12 for placing an adsorbent, and the adsorbent is a powder or granular alkaline adsorbent; an acid gas detection system 13 is connected between the negative pressure fan 14 and the dry adsorption device 11; the negative pressure fan 14 is connected to a gas combustion device.
In this embodiment, the use method of the ball-milling and crushing synchronous debromination device for the waste circuit board nonmetal powder is implemented according to the following processes:
(1) the waste circuit board is pretreated by disassembling, primary crushing, magnetic separation, electrostatic separation and the like to separate out solder, components and metal components, and the materials can be recycled. Sieving the non-metal particles with a 10-mesh sieve to better meet the feeding requirement of the ball mill, and feeding oversize materials into the primary crushing device again for crushing again; finally obtaining non-metal component powder with the granularity of less than 5 mm;
(2) the method is characterized in that the waste circuit board nonmetal powder is processed by a ball-milling and crushing synchronous debromination device, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, putting non-metal particles into a ball mill through a feed hopper, and closing a baffle of a feed inlet to keep the ball mill in a closed state; keeping the interior of the ball mill in a negative pressure state, operating the ball mill again, and grinding the balls for a certain time;
secondly, stopping running the ball mill after finishing ball milling, and then closing the negative pressure machine; opening a discharge port at the lower part, and storing the ball-milled nonmetal powder in a storage bin after passing through a 200-mesh screen; and drying the fine non-metal powder in the storage bin to obtain fine resin glass fiber powder.
Thirdly, the treatment process of waste gas generated in the disassembly process: under the suction action of a negative pressure machine, harmful waste gas generated during ball milling is pumped out, fine dust is filtered by a small cloth bag dust removal device, and the dust is intercepted by a cloth bag. Then the waste gas enters a dry adsorption tower from the bottom, a filler bed layer is arranged in the adsorption tower, and an alkaline adsorbent is used as a filler; the waste gas passes through the packing layer from bottom to top and is fully contacted with the alkaline adsorbent to remove acidic gases such as HBr, bromobenzene and the like.
Fourthly, final treatment of tail gas: after sampling and detecting, the tail gas pumped out from the negative pressure machine can be directly discharged (reach the standard) or combusted (not reach the standard) according to the requirements of the air pollution comprehensive discharge standard.
Selecting parameters during ball milling: the superfine resin glass fiber powder can be flexibly selected according to the hardness of the nonmetal powder and the requirement on the particle size after ball milling. The ball-material ratio is more proper to be 1 (0.5-2), and the ball milling time is 3-7 hours; the rotating speed of the ball mill is set at 200-500r/min, and the air extraction rate of the negative pressure fan keeps the vacuum degree in the system at 0.02 MPa.
Subsequent utilization of resin powder: the superfine resin glass fiber powder has the granularity of no less than 200 meshes, has the characteristics of small and uniform particle size and uniform components, and the bromine-containing flame retardant in the superfine resin glass fiber powder is decomposed, so that the hidden danger of releasing the bromine-containing flame retardant in the prepared composite material is eliminated; the fine resin glass fiber powder mainly comprises resin and glass fiber. The resin and glass fiber particles have certain strength and toughness, and have the characteristics and performance similar to those of inorganic particles such as calcium carbonate, silica powder and the like. The plastic in the fine resin glass fiber powder is generally epoxy resin and phenolic resin, and can be filled with unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin, polypropylene and other matrix materials which are plastic materials with good compatibility with non-metal concentrates. And the glass fiber cloth in the fine resin glass fiber powder is crushed and ball-milled to become short glass fiber, so that the mechanical property, acid and alkali resistance and the like of the composite material can be enhanced. The fine resin glass fiber powder is an ideal filler for plastics and building materials.
And (3) recovering bromine resources: adsorbed Br is mainly CaBr2When the adsorption amount area of the adsorbent to the gas is saturated, the adsorbent should be replaced with new one; the saturated adsorbent adsorbs toxic substances contained in the gas and can be used as hazardous waste for treatment; if the bromine content of the non-metal particles is higher, the CaBr in the adsorbent can be further recovered by water leaching and other modes2For CaBr2Industrial production of the raw material.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The debromination device for the nonmetal components of the waste circuit boards is characterized by comprising a planetary ball mill, a bag type dust collector, a dry adsorption device and a negative pressure fan which are sequentially communicated, wherein the upper part of the planetary ball mill is communicated with the lower part of the bag type dust collector, the upper part of the bag type dust collector is communicated with the lower part of the dry adsorption device, and the upper part of the dry adsorption device is communicated with the negative pressure fan through an exhaust pipe;
the planetary ball mill comprises a ball milling tank and a shell, wherein the ball milling tank is arranged in a closed space formed by the shell; a feed inlet is formed in the upper part of the ball milling tank, and a discharge outlet is formed in the lower part of the ball milling tank; the feed inlet is provided with a feed inlet baffle for controlling the opening and closing of the feed inlet; the discharge port is provided with a discharge port baffle for controlling the opening and closing of the discharge port; a ball mill is arranged in the ball milling tank, a grid is arranged at the discharge port, and the maximum grid distance of the grid is smaller than the radius of the minimum ball mill; the lower part of the discharge hole is provided with a storage bin, and when the discharge hole is opened, the discharge hole is connected with the top of the storage bin; the ball mill is arranged on a turntable, and the turntable is communicated with a motor through a rotating shaft.
2. The debromination apparatus for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to claim 1, wherein the top of the storage bin is a screen placed obliquely, and an opening is provided at a lower side of the screen from the bottom of the storage bin, and the opening is connected with the feeding port by a conveyor belt.
3. The debromination apparatus for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to claim 1, wherein the number of the ball milling pots is four, and the four ball milling pots are disposed on the same turntable.
4. The debromination apparatus for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to claim 1, wherein a dust hopper is provided at a lower portion of the bag type dust collector.
5. The debromination device of nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to claim 1, wherein the dry adsorption device is an adsorption tower, the adsorption tower is provided with a filler bed layer for placing an adsorbent, and the number of the filler bed layers is 5-8.
6. The debromination apparatus for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to claim 1, wherein an acid gas detection system is connected between the negative pressure fan and the dry adsorption apparatus.
7. The debromination apparatus for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to claim 1, wherein the negative pressure fan is connected with a gas combustion device.
8. The debromination apparatus for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to claim 2, wherein the mesh number of the screen mesh is not less than 200 mesh.
9. The debromination device of nonmetal components of waste circuit boards as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ball-milling tank is used for ball milling with a ball-material ratio of 1 (0.5-2), the ball-milling time is 3-7 hours, and the rotation speed of the ball-milling tank is 200-.
10. The debromination apparatus for nonmetal components of waste circuit boards according to claim 5, wherein the adsorbent is powder or granular alkaline adsorbent.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101829666A (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-15 | 陕西师范大学 | Pyrolyzation and debromination method of waste printed circuit board |
| CN104907314A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-16 | 华中科技大学 | Treating method for halogenated organic solid pollutants |
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| CN101829666A (en) * | 2010-05-06 | 2010-09-15 | 陕西师范大学 | Pyrolyzation and debromination method of waste printed circuit board |
| CN104907314A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-16 | 华中科技大学 | Treating method for halogenated organic solid pollutants |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| Formation of borminated chlorinated dioxins and its prevention during a pilot test of mechanochemical treatment of PCB and PBDE contaminated soil;Mengnan Lu;《Environmental Science Pollution Research》;20170712;20072-20081 * |
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