CN109088128A - A kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device and its heat dissipating method based on heat pipe principle - Google Patents
A kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device and its heat dissipating method based on heat pipe principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN109088128A CN109088128A CN201810988656.7A CN201810988656A CN109088128A CN 109088128 A CN109088128 A CN 109088128A CN 201810988656 A CN201810988656 A CN 201810988656A CN 109088128 A CN109088128 A CN 109088128A
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- evaporation
- condensation
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000011117 substance-related disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device and its heat dissipating method based on heat pipe principle.The device includes condensation end and several evaporation ends that condensation end bottom is arranged in;The condensation end includes the first capillary wick for condensing cavity and side bottom in condensation chamber body being arranged in;The evaporation ends include the evaporation cavity being connected with condensation cavity and the second capillary wick being arranged on evaporation cavity inner wall;The top of the condensation cavity is equipped with cooling mechanism.From the above technical scheme, the present invention uses heat pipe principle, utilize the phase-change heat transfer of working medium, the heat of battery unit is converted to the latent heat of phase change of the working medium of filling in the device, and it exports latent heat of phase change quickly along evaporation ends and enters condensation end, heat exchange is carried out in condensation end and external radiating device, to realize effective heat dissipation to single battery unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to batteries of electric automobile technical field of heat dissipation, and in particular to a kind of battery two-phase based on heat pipe principle
Radiator and its heat dissipating method.
Background technique
It is found by the analysis to great number tested data, influence of the temperature to battery service performance is very significant.With
For the ferric phosphate lithium cell that optimum vehicle uses at this stage, optimum operating temperature range is high between 20-25 DEG C
When 45 DEG C, discharge capacity can be greatly promoted, and service time of battery is obviously shortened, and when being higher than 60 DEG C, battery will appear explosive combustion
Risk, when battery temperature is lower than 0 DEG C, battery charging efficiency will be severely impacted, so too high or too low temperature can all drop
The efficiency for charge-discharge of low battery.In addition, long-term non-uniform temperature also results in the inconsistent of battery performance, battery pack is influenced
Performance and the service life.Research shows that the rate temperature change of battery pack is larger and the temperature difference is larger be cause battery pack earlier period damage and
The main reason for thermal runaway.
Battery pack is that a large amount of single battery is assembled according to certain connection type, the heap of a large amount of battery cells
Product, easily causes heat in the accumulation of internal battery pack, so that internal battery pack temperature sharply increases, under the high temperature conditions, no
Only the service performance of power battery can have a greatly reduced quality, and service life and safety also will receive very big influence.Especially power battery
Safety be to determine its key point that can use on electric car, so taking effective radiating mode by battery pack
Internal heat quickly exports so that it is ten that each battery unit operating temperature of internal battery pack, which maintains safe handling temperature or less,
Divide important.
The type of cooling of existing battery pack mainly using air-cooled and two kinds of radiating modes of liquid cooling, simply may be used by air-cooled structure
It leans on, but its heat-sinking capability is limited, it is air-cooled to be increasingly unable to satisfy battery pack heat dissipation need with the promotion of electric energy energy density
It asks;Liquid-cooling heat radiation mode compares more air-cooled heat-sinking capability with higher, but needs mating cooling water circulation loop, and this
Two kinds of radiating modes are directed to battery pack and integrally radiate, and are not concerned with single battery heat derives problem.In spite of paper
And patent solves the heat derives of single battery using heat pipe scheme, but its solution is the mating heat pipe of single battery,
Be between heat pipe and heat pipe it is independently operated, hundreds and thousands of heat pipes are needed for entire battery pack, this, which is undoubtedly increased, is
The complexity of system reduces the reliability of entire battery system.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device and its heat dissipating method based on heat pipe principle, should
Radiator and its heat dissipating method are able to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, realize effective heat dissipation of single battery unit.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle, if including condensation end and being arranged in the dry blowing of condensation end bottom
Originator;The condensation end includes the first capillary wick for condensing cavity and side bottom in condensation chamber body being arranged in;The evaporation ends
Including the evaporation cavity being connected with condensation cavity and the second capillary wick being arranged on evaporation cavity inner wall;The condensation chamber
The top of body is equipped with cooling mechanism.
Further, which further includes shell.
Further, air exhaust nozzle is offered on the condensation cavity.
Further, the cooling mechanism is air cooling equipment or liquid cooling apparatus;The air cooling equipment is fin blower, described
Liquid cooling apparatus is cold plate.
Further, offer several openings in first capillary wick, the both ends of the opening respectively with the second capillary
The both ends of core are connected.
The invention further relates to a kind of heat dissipating method of above-mentioned battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle, this method packets
Include following steps:
(1) inside of condensation end and evaporation ends is pumped into 10-1~10-4The negative pressure of Pa.
(2) liquid working substance is injected into evaporation cavity, after liquid working substance is full of the second capillary wick, by condensation cavity and steaming
Send out cavity sealing.
(3) the placing battery unit between two adjacent evaporation ends keeps the two sides of battery unit adjacent with two respectively
Evaporation ends fit, and be bonded a battery unit respectively in the outside of outermost two evaporation ends.
(4) after battery unit generates heat, heat enters evaporation ends by the side wall of evaporation ends from battery unit surface
In, increase the liquid working substance temperature in evaporation ends, after the temperature of liquid working substance rises to boiling point, liquid working substance becomes steaming
Vapour, along the cavity that the cavity of evaporation ends rises into condensation end, the steam that each evaporation ends generate converges steam in condensation end
Collection.
(5) under the action of the cooling mechanism being fitted at the top of condensation end, the steam in condensation end is at the top of condensation end
Inside condenses into liquid to the cold, the liquid under the effect of gravity, a part drop onto the first capillary wick downwards, another part to
Under drop onto the cavitys of evaporation ends;The liquid for entering the first capillary wick transports in evaporation ends along the first capillary wick
In second capillary wick.
Further, the liquid working substance can be worked using water, acetone, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide etc. in battery operating temperature section
Any one.
From the above technical scheme, the present invention uses heat pipe principle, using the phase-change heat transfer of working medium, by battery unit
Heat is converted to the latent heat of phase change of the working medium of filling in the device, and steam quickly exports along evaporation ends and enters condensation end,
Heat exchange is carried out in condensation end and external radiating device, to realize effective heat dissipation to single battery unit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of radiator in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the use state diagram of radiator in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the operation principle schematic diagram of evaporation ends in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the operation principle schematic diagram of condensation end in the present invention.
Wherein:
1, condensation end, 11, condensation cavity, the 12, first capillary wick, 2, evaporation ends, 21, evaporation cavity, the 22, second capillary wick, 3,
Shell, 4, air-cooled/liquid cooling apparatus, 5, battery unit, 6, air exhaust nozzle.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing:
A kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle as Figure 1-Figure 4, including condensation end 1 and setting are cold
Several evaporation ends 2 of 1 bottom of solidifying end.Condensation end 1 is rectangle cavity body structure.The length and number of evaporation ends 2 can be according to batteries
The number of unit 5 is adjusted.The evaporation ends 2 are laminated structure, and the upper end of evaporation ends 2 is connected to the bottom of condensation end 1, and
The cavity of evaporation ends 2 and the cavity of condensation end 1 are connected to logical.When in use, it is put respectively between two adjacent evaporation ends 2
A battery unit 5 is set, side wall of the left and right sides side wall of the battery unit respectively with two evaporation ends 2 fits.Meanwhile most
It is bonded a battery unit 5 respectively on the side wall in two, outside evaporation ends, 2 outside.Radiator of the present invention includes condensation
End and evaporation ends, wherein condensation end is cold end, and evaporation ends are hot end, and the present invention is existed after the evaporation of hot end again using liquid working substance
The phase transition process of cold end condensation, that is, utilize the evaporation latent heat and the latent heat of condensation of liquid, conduct heat quickly.
The condensation end 1 includes condensation cavity 11 and the first capillary wick 12 that condensation 11 inside bottom of cavity is arranged in.
The evaporation ends 2 include the evaporation cavity 21 being connected with condensation cavity 11 and be arranged on 21 inner wall of evaporation cavity second
Capillary wick 22.The top of the condensation cavity 11 is equipped with cooling mechanism.First capillary wick and the second capillary wick are porous
Structure or groove structure.It is dynamic that first capillary wick 12 and the second capillary wick 22 can provide powerful circulation for liquid working substance
Power transports liquid working substance between condensation end 1 and evaporation ends 2.In order to make to condense in 1 inside top of condensation end to the cold
Liquid is more rapid to transport evaporation ends 1, and the present invention is provided with the first capillary wick 12 in the bottom inside of condensation cavity 11, is used for
Absorption And Transportation liquid working substance.The present invention, can be with liquid working substance itself by using the first capillary wick 12 and the second capillary wick 22
Gravity collective effect, back-flow velocity from condensation end 1 to evaporation ends 2 that flow back from of enhancing liquid working substance.
Further, which further includes shell 3.The concrete shape of shell 3, which can according to need, to be designed.It can be
A shell is arranged in the outside of condensation end 1, and condensation end 1 is wrapped, is then arranged outside another in the outside of evaporation ends 2 again
Shell wraps evaporation ends 2;One shared shell can also be set in the outside of condensation end 1 and evaporation ends 2, make condensation end 1
It is located in the same shell with evaporation ends 2.Cooling mechanism fitting is located at the top of the shell of 1 over top of condensation end.
Further, air exhaust nozzle is offered on the condensation cavity 11.Air exhaust nozzle, for condensation cavity and evaporation cavity
Air suction process is carried out, the air exhaust nozzle is sealed after completing air suction process using welding manner, it is ensured that condensation cavity and evaporation cavity
The stabilization of air pressure in body.Preferably, the air exhaust nozzle uses copper pipe, after evacuation, air exhaust nozzle is flattened fusion welds envelope
Extremely, guarantee sealing.
Further, the cooling mechanism is air cooling equipment or liquid cooling apparatus 4;The air cooling equipment is fin blower, institute
Stating liquid cooling apparatus is cold plate.The cooling mechanism makes the temperature of condensation end cavity, especially for cooling down to condensation end
Condensing the temperature at the top of cavity reduces, so that the steam for entering condensation end cavity be made to become liquid to the cold.
Further, offer several openings in first capillary wick 12, the both ends of the opening respectively with second mao
The both ends of thin core 22 are connected.Design is connected to the first capillary wick and the second capillary wick logical in this way, can guarantee liquid transporting
Continuity.
The invention further relates to a kind of heat dissipating method of above-mentioned battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle, this method packets
Include following steps:
(1) inside of condensation end 1 and evaporation ends 2 is pumped into 10-1~10-4The negative pressure of Pa.By will be in condensation end and evaporation ends
Portion is evacuated, and there are two main purposes: being on the one hand to provide a clean environment to inside;Due to circulatory mediator evaporation and
Liquefaction requires a good environment, if filling medium in air, the impurity in air can cause not the course of work
Good influence, influences device performance.It on the other hand is to reduce internal filling boiling point of liquid, so that it is worked normally in normal temperature state
(evaporation-condensation).
(2) suitable liquid working substance is injected into evaporation cavity 21, it, will be cold after liquid working substance is full of the second capillary wick 22
Solidifying cavity 11 and evaporation cavity 21 seal.At this point, all containing liquid working substance in evaporation cavity 21 and in the second capillary wick 22.
(3) the placing battery unit 5 between two adjacent evaporation ends 2, make the two sides of battery unit 5 respectively with two phases
Adjacent evaporation ends 2 fit, and are bonded a battery unit 5 respectively in the outside of outermost two evaporation ends 2.
(4) after battery unit 5 generates heat, heat enters evaporation by the side wall of evaporation ends 2 from 5 surface of battery unit
In end 2, increase the liquid working substance temperature in evaporation ends 2, after the temperature of liquid working substance rises to boiling point, liquid working substance becomes
Steam, steam is along the cavity that the cavity of evaporation ends 2 rises into condensation end 1, and the steam that each evaporation ends 2 generate is in condensation end
Collect in 1.
(5) under the action of being fitted in the cooling mechanism at 1 top of condensation end, the steam in condensation end 1 is on the top of condensation end 1
It is condensed into the cold liquid (liquid is liquid working substance) on the inside of portion, under the effect of gravity, a part drops onto downwards the liquid
In first capillary wick 11, another part is dropped onto downwards in the cavity of evaporation ends 2;Enter the liquid of the first capillary wick 11, edge
The first capillary wick 11 transport in the second capillary wick 22 in evaporation ends 2, to complete primary heat dissipation.Re-enter into evaporation
The cavity at end 2 and the liquid working substance of the second capillary wick 22 can steam in heat absorption again under the action of the heat that battery unit 5 generates
Hair, is radiated next time.The cavity of evaporation ends refers to that evaporation cavity removes the cavity except the second capillary wick.The cavity of condensation end
Refer to that condensation cavity removes the cavity except the first capillary wick.
Further, the liquid working substance is low-boiling point liquid.Preferably, the liquid working substance uses water, acetone, second
Alcohol, ammonium hydroxide etc. can be worked normally in battery operation temperature area any one.
Embodiment described above only describe the preferred embodiments of the invention, not to model of the invention
It encloses and is defined, without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are to technical side of the invention
The various changes and improvements that case is made should all be fallen into the protection scope that claims of the present invention determines.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle, it is characterised in that: condensed including condensation end and setting
Hold several evaporation ends of bottom;The condensation end includes the first capillary for condensing cavity and side bottom in condensation chamber body being arranged in
Core;The evaporation ends include the evaporation cavity being connected with condensation cavity and the second capillary being arranged on evaporation cavity inner wall
Core;The top of the condensation cavity is equipped with cooling mechanism.
2. a kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the device
It further include shell.
3. a kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described cold
Air exhaust nozzle is offered on solidifying cavity.
4. a kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to dissipate
Heat engine structure is air cooling equipment or liquid cooling apparatus;The air cooling equipment is fin blower, and the liquid cooling apparatus is cold plate.
5. a kind of battery two phase heat-radiation device based on heat pipe principle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Several openings are offered in one capillary wick, the both ends of the opening are connected with the both ends of the second capillary wick respectively.
6. the heat dissipating method of the battery two phase heat-radiation device described in any one based on heat pipe principle according to claim 1 ~ 5,
It is characterized by: method includes the following steps:
(1) inside of condensation end and evaporation ends is pumped into 10-1~10-4The negative pressure of Pa;
(2) liquid working substance is injected into evaporation cavity, after liquid working substance is full of the second capillary wick, by condensation cavity and evaporation cavity
Body sealing;
(3) the placing battery unit between two adjacent evaporation ends, make the two sides of battery unit respectively with two adjacent steamings
Originator fits, and is bonded a battery unit respectively in the outside of outermost two evaporation ends;
(4) after battery unit generates heat, heat is entered in evaporation ends from battery unit surface by the side wall of evaporation ends, is made
Liquid working substance temperature in evaporation ends increases, and after the temperature of liquid working substance rises to boiling point, liquid working substance becomes steam, steam
Along the cavity that the cavity of evaporation ends rises into condensation end, the steam that each evaporation ends generate collects in condensation end;
(5) under the action of the cooling mechanism being fitted at the top of condensation end, the inside top of steam in condensation end in condensation end
Liquid is condensed into the cold, and under the effect of gravity, a part drops onto the first capillary wick downwards the liquid, and another part drips downwards
It falls in the cavity of evaporation ends;The liquid for entering the first capillary wick transports second in evaporation ends along the first capillary wick
In capillary wick.
7. the heat dissipating method of the battery two phase heat-radiation device according to claim 6 based on heat pipe principle, it is characterised in that:
The liquid working substance is using any one in water, acetone, ethyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide.
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CN109904555A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-06-18 | 重庆交通大学 | Complex-cooling thermal cell heat management device |
CN109945327A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-28 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | A kind of mainboard and air-conditioning |
CN110061324A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-26 | 南京师范大学镇江创新发展研究院 | A kind of heat management structure of battery pack |
CN110190356A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 江西理工大学 | A kind of new-energy automobile power battery pallet with heat-pipe radiating apparatus |
CN110444833A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-12 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of three-dimensional heat-pipe radiator applied to power battery heat dissipation |
CN110943265A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-03-31 | 吉林大学 | Preparation and bidirectional heat flow control method of battery heat management device coupled with novel bionic heat pipe |
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