CN109082930B - 一种传感器用应变敏感材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种传感器用应变敏感材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109082930B
CN109082930B CN201810904791.9A CN201810904791A CN109082930B CN 109082930 B CN109082930 B CN 109082930B CN 201810904791 A CN201810904791 A CN 201810904791A CN 109082930 B CN109082930 B CN 109082930B
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刘汉斌
马煜博
孟卿君
李志健
姜慧娥
吴海伟
王阳
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种传感器用应变敏感材料及其制备方法，通过采用抄纸法制备应变敏感材料，取纤维进行疏解或打浆至抄纸要求，然后向疏解或打浆后的纤维中依次加入导电填料、助剂和水，搅拌混合均匀得到浆料，然后通过抄纸法得到应变敏感材料，采用低成本的抄纸法制备复合导电材料，成本低廉，能够实现大规模生产，采用纤维、导电填料和助剂作为原料，可实现降解，本发明相对于现有的应变传感器而言，具有原料来源丰富，价格低廉，制备简单，可大规模生产及可降解的优点；得到的应变敏感材料，结构简单，材料成本低，可降解，应变敏感材料的应变指数为26～31；响应时间为290‑310ms，能够实现现有应变传感器功能。

Description

一种传感器用应变敏感材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及传感器领域，具体的说，涉及一种传感器用应变敏感材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
硅基半导体工业的高度发展，将人类带入电子时代，人类的生产和生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。然而，硅基材料的刚性结构导致其应用局限性越来越明显。柔性的可穿戴电子设备具有柔性、可弯曲、可穿戴的特点，因此逐渐受到人们青睐，它们在软体机器人、柔性显示、电子皮肤、运动和健康监测等领域都显示出非常广泛的应用前景。
柔性应变传感器是可穿戴电子设备中的重要组成部件。常见的柔性应变传感器按照传感机理可分为电容式和电阻式。电阻式柔性应变传感器的制备方法一般有两种：其一是在柔性基底上涂覆或沉积导电物质，如在纸张上涂覆石墨粉或在聚酯薄膜上沉积石墨颗粒(Liao,X.；Liao,Q.；Yan,X.；Liang,Q.；Si,H.；Li,M.；Wu,H.；Cao,S.；Zhang,Y.Flexibleand Highly Sensitive Strain Sensors Fabricated by Pencil Drawn for WearableMonitor.Adv.Funct.Mater.2015,25(16),2395-2401.)；其二是在碳材料表面包覆弹性体材料，如将碳化的棉线包裹在聚甲基硅氧烷中(Li,Y.-Q.；Huang,P.；Zhu,W.-B.；Fu,S.-Y.；Hu,N.；Liao,K.Flexible wire-shaped strain sensor from cotton thread for humanhealth and motion detection.Sci.Rep.2017,7,45013)。这些柔性应变传感器均能实现良好的传感效果，但仍存在一定的不足，导致其应用存在较大的限制。主要体现在：(1)制备方法不适合大规模生产，因此导致其成本不够低廉，难以大批量使用；(2)传感器含有不可降解成分，存在电子污染的隐患，不能适应绿色可持续发展的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种传感器用应变敏感材料及其制备方法，本发明可以用于低成本、可降解的柔性应变传感器的大规模制备。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种传感器用应变敏感材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)、取纤维进行疏解或打浆至抄纸要求；
步骤2)、向疏解或打浆后的纤维中依次加入导电填料、助剂和水，搅拌混合均匀得到浆料，然后通过抄纸法得到应变敏感材料。
进一步的，纤维、导电填料和助留剂的质量比为：(50～70):(30～50):(0.1～0.5)。
进一步的，在制备过程中，水的加入量满足抄纸要求。
进一步的，纤维、导电填料、助留剂和水的质量比为(50～70):(30～50):(0.1～0.5)：5000～10000。
进一步的，纤维采用植物纤维或动物纤维；植物纤维采用木材纤维、非木材纤维或废纸纤维。
进一步的，导电填料采用石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯或金属粉。
进一步的，助剂采用助留剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚胺、聚氧化乙烯、阳离子淀粉、羧甲基纤维素中的一种或几种。
进一步的，打浆度为30-50度，然后进行脱水至纤维含水量为60％-80％。
一种传感器用应变敏感材料，其特征在于，包括纤维、导电填料和助剂，纤维、导电填料和助留剂的质量比为：(50～70):(30～50):(0.1～0.5)。
进一步的，应变敏感材料的应变指数(GF)为26～31；响应时间为290-310ms。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：
本发明一种传感器用应变敏感材料的制备方法，通过采用抄纸法制备应变敏感材料，取纤维进行疏解或打浆至抄纸要求，然后向疏解或打浆后的纤维中依次加入导电填料、助剂和水，搅拌混合均匀得到浆料，然后通过抄纸法得到应变敏感材料，采用低成本的抄纸法制备复合导电材料，成本低廉，能够实现大规模生产，采用纤维、导电填料和助剂作为原料，可实现降解，本发明相对于现有的应变传感器而言，具有原料来源丰富，价格低廉，制备简单，可大规模生产及可降解的优点。
本发明一种传感器用应变敏感材料，结构简单，材料成本低，可降解，应变敏感材料的应变指数为26～31；响应时间为290-310ms，能够实现现有应变传感器功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明应变传感器的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例2所对应的应变传感器的导电复合材料的显微照片。
图3为本发明实施例2所对应的应变传感器的应变敏感材料的扫描电子显微镜照片。
图4为本发明实施例2所对应的应变敏感材料的表面电阻与导电填料的含量之间的关系曲线及应变传感器的应变指数图。
图5为本发明实施例2所对应的应变传感器的传感效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
一种传感器用应变敏感材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)、取纤维进行疏解或打浆至抄纸要求；将纤维进行疏解或打浆，打浆度为30-50度，然后进行脱水减少存储体积，脱水至纤维含水量为60％-80％；
步骤2)、向疏解或打浆后的纤维中依次加入导电填料、助剂和水，搅拌混合均匀得到浆料，然后通过抄纸法得到应变敏感材料。
纤维、导电填料和助留剂的质量比为：(50～70):(30～50):(0.1～0.5)；
在制备过程中，水的加入量满足抄纸要求；纤维、导电填料、助留剂和水的质量比为(50～70):(30～50):(0.1～0.5):5000～10000；
纤维采用植物纤维或动物纤维；植物纤维采用木材纤维、非木材纤维或废纸纤维；
导电填料采用石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯或金属粉；
助剂采用助留剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚胺、聚氧化乙烯、阳离子淀粉、羧甲基纤维素中的一种或几种，用于减少导电填料的流失。
如图1所示，将上述制备方法制备得到的应变敏感材料裁剪成传感器状，即长条状或方形，在裁剪后的性应变敏感材料1两端通过导电银胶2连接导线3，即可得到柔性应变传感器。
一种传感器用应变敏感材料，包括纤维、导电填料和助剂，纤维、导电填料和助留剂的质量比为：(50～70):(30～50):(0.1～0.5)；应变指数(GF)为26-31；响应时间为290-310ms。
实施例1
步骤(1)：取一定量的废纸纤维进行疏解或打浆，脱水，干燥，测定含水量，脱水至纤维含水量为60％；
步骤(2)：称取一定量的步骤(1)得到的纤维，依次加入炭黑作为导电填料，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺作为助留剂以及适量的水，其中纤维、炭黑、助留剂和水的质量比为60:39.5:0.5:10000，充分搅拌，混合均匀，得到浆料；然后，在纸页抄取器上进行抄纸操作，得到应变敏感材料；
步骤(3)：将步骤(2)得到的复合导电材料裁剪成长条状，用导电银胶在两端链接上导线，得到柔性应变传感器。
制备得到的柔性应变传感器应变指数(GF)为30.1；响应时间为298ms。
实施例2
步骤(1)：取一定量的废纸纤维进行疏解或打浆，脱水，干燥，测定含水量，脱水至纤维含水量为70％；
步骤(2)：称取一定量的步骤(1)得到的纤维，依次加入石墨作为导电填料，聚氧化乙烯作为助留剂以及适量的水，其中纤维、石墨、聚氧化乙烯和水的质量比为50:49.5:0.5:10000。充分搅拌，混合均匀，得到浆料；然后，在纸页抄取器上进行抄纸操作，得到应变敏感材料；
步骤(3)：将步骤(2)得到的复合导电材料裁剪成长条状，用导电银胶在两端链接上导线，得到柔性应变传感器。
如图2至图5所示，得到的柔性应变传感器应变指数(GF)为27；响应时间为300ms，与常规应变传感器性能参数一致；
实施例3
步骤(1)：取一定量的废纸纤维进行疏解或打浆，脱水，干燥，测定含水量，脱水至纤维含水量为80％；
步骤(2)：称取一定量的步骤(1)得到的纤维，依次加入碳纳米管作为导电填料，羧甲基纤维素作为助留剂以及适量的水，其中纤维、碳纳米管、羧甲基纤维素和水的质量比为70:30:0.4:8000。充分搅拌，混合均匀，得到浆料；然后，在纸页抄取器上进行抄纸操作，得到应变敏感材料；
步骤(3)：将步骤(2)得到的复合导电材料裁剪成长条状，用导电银胶在两端链接上导线，得到柔性应变传感器。
得到的柔性应变传感器应变指数(GF)为27.5；响应时间为300ms，与常规应变传感器性能参数一致。
实施例4
步骤(1)：取一定量的废纸纤维进行疏解或打浆，脱水，干燥，测定含水量，脱水至纤维含水量为75％；
步骤(2)：称取一定量的步骤(1)得到的纤维，依次加入金属粉作为导电填料，阳离子淀粉作为助留剂以及适量的水，其中纤维、金属粉、阳离子淀粉和水的质量比为65:45:0.3:7000。充分搅拌，混合均匀，得到浆料；然后，在纸页抄取器上进行抄纸操作，得到应变敏感材料；
步骤(3)：将步骤(2)得到的复合导电材料裁剪成长条状，用导电银胶在两端链接上导线，得到柔性应变传感器。
得到的柔性应变传感器应变指数(GF)为28；响应时间为310ms，与常规应变传感器性能参数相近。
实施例5
步骤(1)：取一定量的废纸纤维进行疏解或打浆，脱水，干燥，测定含水量，脱水至纤维含水量为65％；
步骤(2)：称取一定量的步骤(1)得到的纤维，依次加入石墨作为导电填料，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺作为助留剂以及适量的水，其中纤维、石墨、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和水的质量比为55:35:0.3:8000。充分搅拌，混合均匀，得到浆料；然后，在纸页抄取器上进行抄纸操作，得到应变敏感材料；
步骤(3)：将步骤(2)得到的复合导电材料裁剪成长条状，用导电银胶在两端链接上导线，得到柔性应变传感器。
得到的柔性应变传感器应变指数(GF)为31；响应时间为290ms，与常规应变传感器性能参数相近。
实施例6
步骤(1)：取一定量的废纸纤维进行疏解或打浆，脱水，干燥，测定含水量，脱水至纤维含水量为65％；
步骤(2)：称取一定量的步骤(1)得到的纤维，依次加入炭黑作为导电填料，聚胺作为助留剂以及适量的水，其中纤维、炭黑、聚胺和水的质量比为65:40:0.45:9000。充分搅拌，混合均匀，得到浆料；然后，在纸页抄取器上进行抄纸操作，得到应变敏感材料；
步骤(3)：将步骤(2)得到的复合导电材料裁剪成长条状，用导电银胶在两端链接上导线，得到柔性应变传感器。
得到的柔性应变传感器应变指数(GF)为27；响应时间为300ms，与常规应变传感器性能参数相近。
本发明的应变传感器的应变敏感材料由纤维、导电填料和助剂组成，具有低成本、可降解的特性；应变敏感材料采用工艺成熟的抄纸法成型，具有可大规模生产的优势。

Claims (3)

1.一种传感器用应变敏感材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1)、取纤维进行疏解或打浆至抄纸要求；将纤维进行疏解或打浆，打浆度为30-50度，然后进行脱水至纤维含水量为60％-80％；
步骤2)、向疏解或打浆后的纤维中依次加入导电填料、助留剂和水，搅拌混合均匀得到浆料，然后，在纸页抄取器上进行抄纸操作，得到应变敏感材料；
纤维、导电填料、助留剂和水的质量比为(50～70):(30～50):(0.1～0.5)：(5000～10000)；纤维采用植物纤维或动物纤维；植物纤维采用木材纤维、非木材纤维或废纸纤维，导电填料采用石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯或金属粉，助留剂采用助留剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚胺、聚氧化乙烯、阳离子淀粉、羧甲基纤维素中的一种或几种；所得到的应变敏感材料的应变指数为26-31；响应时间为290-310ms。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述传感器用应变敏感材料的制备方法制备的传感器用应变敏感材料，其特征在于，包括纤维、导电填料和助留剂，纤维、导电填料和助留剂的质量比为：(50～70):(30～50):(0.1～0.5)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种传感器用应变敏感材料，其特征在于，应变敏感材料的应变指数为26-31；响应时间为290-310ms。
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