CN109082880A - Functional activity carbon fiber, preparation method and applications - Google Patents

Functional activity carbon fiber, preparation method and applications Download PDF

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CN109082880A
CN109082880A CN201810731065.1A CN201810731065A CN109082880A CN 109082880 A CN109082880 A CN 109082880A CN 201810731065 A CN201810731065 A CN 201810731065A CN 109082880 A CN109082880 A CN 109082880A
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carbon fiber
nitrogen protection
activated carbon
activated
under nitrogen
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CN109082880B (en
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王伟霞
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Langda network technology (Zhejiang) Co.,Ltd.
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王伟霞
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    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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    • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
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    • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
    • D06M11/64—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with nitrogen oxides; with oxyacids of nitrogen or their salts
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    • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
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    • D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of functional activity carbon fibers, preparation method and applications.The preparation method of the functional activity carbon fiber includes the following steps: that I, viscose rayon is passed through steam activation, obtains activated carbon fiber；II, mixes acid, dehydrated alcohol, and ultrasonic treatment obtains pickling agent；Activated carbon fiber is placed in pickling agent and carries out impregnation, is activated；III, mixes metal salt, dehydrated alcohol, is stirring evenly and then adding into additive, and the activated carbon fiber that acid processing is added carries out impregnation, dry, activation.Have many advantages, such as that large specific surface area, aperture are moderate, be evenly distributed, adsorption rate is fast, impurity is few, functional activity carbon fiber of the invention can adsorb organic matter, chlorine residue, peculiar smell and pigment in water, improve the hydrophily, antibiotic property and biocompatibility of activated carbon fiber, it is with good stability, it is had broad application prospects in organic solvent recycling, drink water purifying, air cleaning and sewage treatment field.

Description

Functional activity carbon fiber, preparation method and applications
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of functional activity carbon fibers, preparation method and applications.
Background technique
Activated carbon fiber (activated carbon fiber, ACF), also referred to as fibrous activated carbon, is a kind of performance It is more with micropore, compare table better than the high-efficiency activated adsorbent material and environment-friendly engineering material of powder activated carbon and grain active carbon The big design feature of area, the carbon atom that it has more than 50% are located at surfaces externally and internally and have been built into unique adsorption structure, lead to It is commonly referred to as superficiality solid.Activated carbon fiber is using polypropylene-base, viscous glue based fibre, pitch-based fiber as raw material, through high temperature Carbonization-activation process and manufactured novel adsorbent material, relatively narrow pore-size distribution and more developed specific surface area make it With faster adsorption and desorption speed and biggish adsorption capacity, and since it is convenient to be processed as cloth, felt, paper etc. no Same shape, there is the characteristics such as corrosion-resistant acid and alkali-resistance, so that one, which comes out, has just obtained the extensive concern and in-depth study of society, Carbon fiber is widely used in many fields at present, such as environmental protection, catalysis, medicine, military project.
With the continuous improvement of current environmental pollution to become increasingly conspicuous with human environment consciousness, curing "three waste" pollution and protection Living environment oneself through being included in the agenda of respective government agencies.Activated carbon fiber can efficiently remove having in gas or solution Evil substance is to be widely used in drinking the purification of water and air, the recycling of solvent, the processing of waste water, the manufacture of catalyst and a The hitech materials in the hard-core technologies fields such as body protection.Carbon fiber has obtained widely in solvent recovery and water process in recent years Using being described as in 21st century one of environment-friendly materials the most advanced by people due to its vast development prospect.
As the porous charcoal adsorbent material of the first generation, active carbon because from a wealth of sources, it is moderate the features such as, become the most frequently used Adsorbent material, but due to normal activated carbon there are ash content height, Kong Rong little, the wide, specific surface area of micropore distribution be small and absorption The features such as selecting performance poor, in addition some limitations of its surface functional group and electrochemical properties, go it to the absorption of pollutant Granular and powdered activated carbon limited except acting on and original obviously exposes many and is difficult to the weakness overcome, and its physics Shape makes it is more inconvenient on application operating, engineering adaptability is poor etc., and with production and improvement of living standard, people couple The performance requirement of the adsorbent materials such as active carbon is also higher and higher, therefore active carbon is far from satisfying the requirement of domestic and international market.
Activated carbon fiber is the novel carbon material adsorbing material of the second generation, is a kind of porous fiber shape adsorbent material, structure Upper and active carbon has very big difference.Activated carbon fiber has fibre diameter small, and specific surface area is high, and microcellular structure is flourishing, aperture Small and narrowly distributing, adsorption capacity is big, and adsorption/desorption speed is fast, and regeneration is easier to, and can be prepared into according to specific requirement accordingly Form, such as felt, cloth, it is easy to use the advantages that.The matrix material of manufacture activated carbon fiber has very much, such as polyacrylonitrile, poly- second Enol, viscose rayon, phenolic fiber and pitch-based fiber etc..These raw materials are made by pre-oxidation, charing and activation Activated carbon fiber.Especially polyacrylonitrile based activated carbon fiber has chalcogenide compound and compound nitrogen series containing nitrogen functional group There is special adsorption capacity, use scope is wider.However being widely used for activated carbon fiber is also subject to certain restrictions, it is main because Element is cost and fibre property, limits its extensive use.The surface of activated carbon fiber in the prior art can be still not high, also It requires further improvement；Meanwhile the disadvantages of activated carbon fiber intensity is low, and impact resistance is poor, and anti-microbial property is bad.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of functional activity carbon fibers, preparation method and applications.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of functional activity carbon fiber, include the following steps:
I, viscose rayon is warming up to 700-900 DEG C, is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide and is activated, obtains active carbon fiber Dimension；
Acid, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (1.5-5) by II: the volume ratio of (5-20) mixes, and ultrasonic treatment obtains pickling agent；It will Activated carbon fiber, which is placed in pickling agent, carries out impregnation, is warming up to 700-900 DEG C and is activated, and obtains sour processing after dry Activated carbon fiber；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by III: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained The additive of mixed solution quality 0-5%, the activated carbon fiber that acid processing is added carries out impregnation, dry, is warming up to 700- 900 DEG C are activated, and the functional activity carbon fiber is obtained.
Preferably, a kind of preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber, includes the following steps:
I, viscose rayon under nitrogen protection, after being warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min, is passed through containing hydrogen peroxide Vapor is activated, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1: (0.5-2) stops being passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide after activation, is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, is lived Property carbon fiber；
Acid, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (1.5-5) by II: the volume ratio of (5-20) mixes, and stirs evenly at 20-50 DEG C laggard Row ultrasonic treatment, obtains pickling agent；Activated carbon fiber is placed in pickling agent and carries out impregnation, then in nitrogen protection Under be warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min and activated, be cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, spent after taking-up from It is washed repeatedly in sub- water to neutrality, the activated carbon fiber of acid processing is obtained after dry；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by III: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained The additive (the preferably additive of 0.5-5%) of mixed solution quality 0-5%, the solution mixed after mixing evenly, so The solution that the activated carbon fiber of acid processing is placed in mixing is subjected to impregnation afterwards, is placed in concussion processing 30- in constant temperature oscillation box 60min, it is dry with dehydrated alcohol repeated flushing 3-5 times, after being passed through nitrogen protection, then under nitrogen protection with 5-30 DEG C/ Min is warming up to 700-900 DEG C and is activated, and takes out after naturally cooling to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, and it is living to obtain the function Property carbon fiber.
Preferably, a kind of preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber, includes the following steps:
I, viscose rayon under nitrogen protection, after being warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min, is passed through containing hydrogen peroxide Vapor is activated, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1: (0.5-2) stops being passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide after activation, is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, is lived Property carbon fiber；
Activated carbon fiber dipping is placed in 20-60wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and carries out impregnation by II, then in nitrogen 700-900 DEG C is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under gas shielded to be activated, and is cooled to 20-30 DEG C, after taking-up under nitrogen protection With being washed repeatedly in deionized water to neutrality, the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is obtained after dry；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by III: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained The additive of mixed solution quality 0-5%, the solution mixed after mixing evenly, then by the activated carbon of potassium hydroxide treatment The solution that fiber is placed in mixing carries out impregnation, is placed in concussion processing 30-60min in constant temperature oscillation box, anti-with dehydrated alcohol Again rinse 3-5 time, dry, after being passed through nitrogen protection, then under nitrogen protection with 5-30 DEG C/min be warming up to 700-900 DEG C into Row activation, takes out after naturally cooling to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
It is further preferred that a kind of preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber, includes the following steps:
I, viscose rayon under nitrogen protection, after being warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min, is passed through containing hydrogen peroxide Vapor is activated, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1: (0.5-2) stops being passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide after activation, is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, is lived Property carbon fiber；
Acid, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (1.5-5) by II: the volume ratio of (5-20) mixes, and stirs evenly at 20-50 DEG C laggard Row ultrasonic treatment, obtains pickling agent；Activated carbon fiber is placed in pickling agent and carries out impregnation, then in nitrogen protection Under be warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min and activated, be cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, spent after taking-up from It is washed repeatedly in sub- water to neutrality, the activated carbon fiber of acid processing is obtained after dry；
The activated carbon fiber dipping of acid processing is placed in 20-60wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and carries out impregnation by III, Then 700-900 DEG C is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under nitrogen protection to be activated, be cooled to 20-30 under nitrogen protection DEG C, with being washed repeatedly in deionized water to neutrality after taking-up, the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is obtained after dry；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by IV: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained The additive of mixed solution quality 0-5%, the solution mixed after mixing evenly, then by the activated carbon of potassium hydroxide treatment The solution that fiber is placed in mixing carries out impregnation, is placed in concussion processing 30-60min in constant temperature oscillation box, anti-with dehydrated alcohol Again rinse 3-5 time, dry, after being passed through nitrogen protection, then under nitrogen protection with 5-30 DEG C/min be warming up to 700-900 DEG C into Row activation, takes out after naturally cooling to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
It is further preferred that a kind of preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber, includes the following steps:
I, viscose rayon under nitrogen protection, after being warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min, is passed through containing hydrogen peroxide Vapor is activated, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1: (0.5-2) stops being passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide after activation, is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, is lived Property carbon fiber；
Activated carbon fiber dipping is placed in 20-60wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and carries out impregnation by II, then in nitrogen 700-900 DEG C is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under gas shielded to be activated, and is cooled to 20-30 DEG C, after taking-up under nitrogen protection With being washed repeatedly in deionized water to neutrality, the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is obtained after dry；
Acid, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (1.5-5) by III: the volume ratio of (5-20) mixes, and stirs evenly at 20-50 DEG C laggard Row ultrasonic treatment, obtains pickling agent；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is placed in pickling agent and carries out impregnation, Then 700-900 DEG C is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under nitrogen protection to be activated, be cooled to 20-30 under nitrogen protection DEG C, with being washed repeatedly in deionized water to neutrality after taking-up, the activated carbon fiber of acid processing is obtained after dry；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by IV: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained The additive of mixed solution quality 0.5-5%, the solution mixed after mixing evenly, then by the activated carbon fiber of acid processing The solution for being placed in mixing carries out impregnation, is placed in concussion processing 30-60min in constant temperature oscillation box, is rushed repeatedly with dehydrated alcohol It washes 3-5 times, it is dry, after being passed through nitrogen protection, 700-900 DEG C then is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under nitrogen protection and is lived Change, is taken out after naturally cooling to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtain the functional activity carbon fiber.
The acid is one of sulfuric acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid or a variety of.
The metal salt include silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate it is one or more.
Preferably, the metal salt presses (1-5) by silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate: (1-5): the matter of (1-5) Amount ratio mixes.
The additive include Ascorbic acid chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, artemisinin derivative it is one or more.
Preferably, the additive presses (1-5) by Ascorbic acid chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, artemisinin derivative: (1-5) Mass ratio mix.
The artemisinin derivative includes one of dihydroartemisinine, arteether, Artesunate or a variety of.
The invention has the benefit that functional activity carbon fiber preparation condition of the invention is mild, have large specific surface area, The advantages that aperture is moderate, be evenly distributed, adsorption rate is fast, impurity is few, can adsorb organic matter, the chlorine residue (Cl in water2), peculiar smell And pigment, the hydrophily, antibiotic property and biocompatibility of activated carbon fiber are improved, it is with good stability, organic Solvent recovery, drink water purifying, air cleaning and sewage treatment field have broad application prospects.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to by It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that so as to make a clearer definition of the protection scope of the present invention.
Foregoing invention content of the invention is described in further detail With reference to embodiment, in the present invention In, if not it refers in particular to, all devices and raw material is commercially available or the industry is common, the method in following embodiments, It unless otherwise instructed, is conventional method in that art.
Each raw material and equipment introduction in embodiment:
Viscose rayon, model ZH-001, specification 3mm are purchased from Dacheng County Nan Caiziheng rubber powder factory.
Silver nitrate, No. CAS: 7761-88-8, product number: S818267 is purchased from the limited public affairs of Shanghai Mike woods biochemical technology Department.
Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, No. CAS: 10196-18-6, product number: Z820738 is purchased from Shanghai Mike woods biochemical technology Co., Ltd.
Lanthanum nitrate, No. CAS: 100587-94-8, product number: 238554, it is purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) trade Co., Ltd.
Chitosan, No. CAS: 9012-76-4,80 mesh of granularity, purchased from Wuhan far at creating Science and Technology Ltd..
N-Methyl pyrrolidone, No. CAS: 872-50-4, top grade product are purchased from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
Iodomethane, No. CAS: 74-88-4, SILVER REAGENT is purchased from Nanjing Huang Tai Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.
Acetone, No. CAS: 67-64-1, SILVER REAGENT is purchased from Shanghai De-Nol Chemical Co., Ltd..
Sodium isoascorbate, No. CAS: 6381-77-7, food-grade is auspicious at Biotechnology Co., Ltd purchased from Henan.
Ascorbic acid chitosan quaternary ammonium salt the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Chitosan is added in N-Methyl pyrrolidone I, stirs 10h at 30 DEG C with the revolving speed of 350r/min, is added Sodium iodide, 1mol/L sodium hydrate aqueous solution, iodomethane keep revolving speed constant, and the reaction was continued at 55 DEG C for 24 hours, the chitosan, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, sodium iodide, sodium hydrate aqueous solution, iodomethane mass ratio be 1:50:2:8:11, it is poly- that shell is then added The acetone that 155 times of saccharic amount is precipitated, and is filtered, and gained filter cake is placed at 50 DEG C dry 50h, obtains N, N, and N- front three base enclosure is gathered Sugared quaternary ammonium salt；
II, presses the mass volume ratio of 1:18 (g/mL), and to above-mentioned N, N is added in N- trimethyl chitin quaternary ammonium salt In 18wt% arabo-ascorbic acid sodium water solution, 20min is stirred under the conditions of 30 DEG C, 400r/min, gained mixed liquor pours into dialysis In bag, the port of bag filter is pricked extremely, then the bag filter equipped with liquid is put into distilled water, entire bag filter is totally immersed into Into distilled water, dialyse 60h at 4 DEG C, and every 6h changes primary distilled water, and acquired solution carries out vacuum freeze drying, vacuum refrigeration Dry condition is control material thickness 8mm, sets pre-freezing temperature as -20 DEG C, keeps after sample temperature drops to -20 DEG C 1.5h sets sublimation temperature as 12 DEG C, and resolution temperature is 34 DEG C, absolute pressure 101.3kPa, dry for 24 hours up to Ascorbic acid Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt.
Artesunate, No. CAS: 88495-63-0, product number: A800614, it is limited purchased from Shanghai Mike woods biochemical technology Company.
SG-QF1200 type high-temperature atmosphere furnace is purchased from Shanghai Shi Jie electric furnace Co., Ltd.
Ultrasound processing equipment is ST-1004 type ultrasonic generator, is purchased from Shanghai Jie Li Science and Technology Ltd..
GWQ-12B type constant temperature oscillation box is purchased from Changzhou Guo Wang instrument manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Vacuum freeze drier, the FD-5C type freezing vacuum provided using Changzhou Heng Mai drying equipment Co., Ltd are dry Dry machine.
Embodiment 1
Functional activity carbon fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Viscose rayon is placed in activation furnace by I, in 200cm3850 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Afterwards, it is passed through the steam activation 1h containing hydrogen peroxide, the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide heats gas by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution Change obtains, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:0.5, after activation Stopping is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide, is cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains activated carbon fiber；
Activated carbon fiber is immersed in 30min in 50wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution by II, wherein the activated carbon fiber with The mass volume ratio of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1:4, then in 200cm3850 DEG C are raised to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Under continue activate 0.5h, 25 DEG C are cooled to after activation under nitrogen protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, it is described Activated carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for washing deionized water used every time are 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed on 80 DEG C Lower dry 6h, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment；
III, is mixed silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate, dehydrated alcohol by the mass ratio of 2:2:2:90,35 DEG C, stir 40min under conditions of 300r/min；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is impregnated in the solution of mixing 60min then shakes 30min in 40 DEG C, the constant temperature oscillation box of 130r/min, is rinsed with dehydrated alcohol, the activity Carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for rinsing dehydrated alcohol used every time are 1:10 (g/mL), are placed at 100 DEG C for repeated flushing 3 times 2h is dried, is placed in activation furnace, in 200cm3After being warming up to 800 DEG C under/min nitrogen protection with the speed of 30 DEG C/min 4h is activated, is taken out after being cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
Embodiment 2
The functional activity carbon fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Viscose rayon is placed in activation furnace by I, in 200cm3850 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Afterwards, it is passed through the steam activation 1h containing hydrogen peroxide, the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide heats gas by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution Change obtains, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:0.5, after activation Stopping is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide, is cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains activated carbon fiber；
II, by sulfuric acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid, dehydrated alcohol by 0.5:0.5:0.5:10 volume ratio mix, at 30 DEG C with The revolving speed of 250r/min stirs 30min, then ultrasonic under conditions of ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz, ultrasonic power is 400W Wave handles 20min, obtains pickling agent；Activated carbon fiber is placed in 30 DEG C of pickling agent and impregnates 2h, then in 200cm3/ It is raised at 850 DEG C under min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min and continues to activate 0.5h, be cooled to 25 under nitrogen protection after activation DEG C, it is washed after taking-up with deionized water, the activated carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for washing deionized water used every time For 1:15 (g/mL), washing to neutrality is placed at 75 DEG C dry 3h, obtains the activated carbon fiber of acid processing；
III, is mixed silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate, dehydrated alcohol by the mass ratio of 2:2:2:90,35 DEG C, stir 40min under conditions of 300r/min；The activated carbon fiber of acid processing is impregnated in 60min in the solution of mixing, then 30min is shaken in 40 DEG C, the constant temperature oscillation box of 130r/min, is rinsed with dehydrated alcohol, the activated carbon fiber and every The mass volume ratio of dehydrated alcohol used in secondary flushing is 1:10 (g/mL), is placed at 100 DEG C for repeated flushing 3 times and to be dried 2h is placed in activation furnace, in 200cm3800 DEG C of post activation 4h are warming up to the speed of 30 DEG C/min under/min nitrogen protection, It is taken out after being cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
Embodiment 3
The functional activity carbon fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Viscose rayon is placed in activation furnace by I, in 200cm3850 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Afterwards, it is passed through the steam activation 1h containing hydrogen peroxide, the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide heats gas by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution Change obtains, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:0.5, after activation Stopping is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide, is cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains activated carbon fiber；
II, by sulfuric acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid, dehydrated alcohol by 0.5:0.5:0.5:10 volume ratio mix, at 30 DEG C with The revolving speed of 250r/min stirs 30min, then ultrasonic under conditions of ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz, ultrasonic power is 400W Wave handles 20min, obtains pickling agent；Activated carbon fiber is placed in 30 DEG C of pickling agent and impregnates 2h, then in 200cm3/ It is raised at 850 DEG C under min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min and continues to activate 0.5h, be cooled to 25 under nitrogen protection after activation DEG C, it is washed after taking-up with deionized water, the activated carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for washing deionized water used every time For 1:15 (g/mL), washing to neutrality is placed at 75 DEG C dry 3h, obtains the activated carbon fiber of acid processing；
The activated carbon fiber of acid processing is immersed in 30min in 50wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution by III, wherein at the acid The activated carbon fiber of reason and the mass volume ratio of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution are 1:4, then in 200cm3Under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min, which is raised at 850 DEG C, to be continued to activate 0.5h, is cooled to 25 DEG C after activation under nitrogen protection, deionization is used after taking-up Water is washed, and the activated carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for washing deionized water used every time are 1:15 (g/mL), washing It is placed at 80 DEG C dry 6h to neutrality, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment；
IV, is mixed silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate, dehydrated alcohol by the mass ratio of 2:2:2:90,35 DEG C, stir 40min under conditions of 300r/min；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is impregnated in the solution of mixing 60min then shakes 30min in 40 DEG C, the constant temperature oscillation box of 130r/min, is rinsed with dehydrated alcohol, the activity Carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for rinsing dehydrated alcohol used every time are 1:10 (g/mL), are placed at 100 DEG C for repeated flushing 3 times 2h is dried, is placed in activation furnace, in 200cm3After being warming up to 800 DEG C under/min nitrogen protection with the speed of 30 DEG C/min 4h is activated, is taken out after being cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
Embodiment 4
The functional activity carbon fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Viscose rayon is placed in activation furnace by I, in 200cm3850 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Afterwards, it is passed through the steam activation 1h containing hydrogen peroxide, the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide heats gas by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution Change obtains, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:0.5, after activation Stopping is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide, is cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains activated carbon fiber；
Activated carbon fiber is immersed in 30min in 50wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution by II, wherein the activated carbon fiber with The mass volume ratio of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1:4, then in 200cm3850 DEG C are raised to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Under continue activate 0.5h, 25 DEG C are cooled to after activation under nitrogen protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, it is described Activated carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for washing deionized water used every time are 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed on 80 DEG C Lower dry 6h, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment；
III, by sulfuric acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid, dehydrated alcohol by 0.5:0.5:0.5:10 volume ratio mix, at 30 DEG C with The revolving speed of 250r/min stirs 30min, then ultrasonic under conditions of ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz, ultrasonic power is 400W Wave handles 20min, obtains pickling agent；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is placed in 30 DEG C of pickling agent and is impregnated 2h, then in 200cm3It is raised at 850 DEG C under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min and continues to activate 0.5h, nitrogen after activation It is cooled to 25 DEG C under protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, the activated carbon fiber and every time washing deionization used The mass volume ratio of water is 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed at 75 DEG C dry 3h, obtains the active carbon fiber of acid processing Dimension；
IV, is mixed silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate, dehydrated alcohol by the mass ratio of 2:2:2:90,35 DEG C, stir 40min under conditions of 300r/min；The activated carbon fiber of acid processing is impregnated in 60min in the solution of mixing, then 30min is shaken in 40 DEG C, the constant temperature oscillation box of 130r/min, is rinsed with dehydrated alcohol, the activated carbon fiber and every The mass volume ratio of dehydrated alcohol used in secondary flushing is 1:10 (g/mL), is placed at 100 DEG C for repeated flushing 3 times and to be dried 2h is placed in activation furnace, in 200cm3800 DEG C of post activation 4h are warming up to the speed of 30 DEG C/min under/min nitrogen protection, It is taken out after being cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
Embodiment 5
The functional activity carbon fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Viscose rayon is placed in activation furnace by I, in 200cm3850 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Afterwards, it is passed through the steam activation 1h containing hydrogen peroxide, the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide heats gas by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution Change obtains, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:0.5, after activation Stopping is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide, is cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains activated carbon fiber；
Activated carbon fiber is immersed in 30min in 50wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution by II, wherein the activated carbon fiber with The mass volume ratio of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1:4, then in 200cm3850 DEG C are raised to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Under continue activate 0.5h, 25 DEG C are cooled to after activation under nitrogen protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, it is described Activated carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for washing deionized water used every time are 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed on 80 DEG C Lower dry 6h, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment；
III, by sulfuric acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid, dehydrated alcohol by 0.5:0.5:0.5:10 volume ratio mix, at 30 DEG C with The revolving speed of 250r/min stirs 30min, then ultrasonic under conditions of ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz, ultrasonic power is 400W Wave handles 20min, obtains pickling agent；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is placed in 30 DEG C of pickling agent and is impregnated 2h, then in 200cm3It is raised at 850 DEG C under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min and continues to activate 0.5h, nitrogen after activation It is cooled to 25 DEG C under protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, the activated carbon fiber and every time washing deionization used The mass volume ratio of water is 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed at 75 DEG C dry 3h, obtains the active carbon fiber of acid processing Dimension；
IV, is mixed silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, dehydrated alcohol by the mass ratio of 3:3:90, in 35 DEG C, 300r/ 40min is stirred under conditions of min；By acid processing activated carbon fiber be impregnated in 60min in the solution of mixing, then 40 DEG C, 30min is shaken in the constant temperature oscillation box of 130r/min, is rinsed with dehydrated alcohol, the activated carbon fiber and every time flushing institute It is 1:10 (g/mL) with the mass volume ratio of dehydrated alcohol, is placed at 100 DEG C for repeated flushing 3 times and 2h is dried, be placed in work Change in furnace, in 200cm3800 DEG C of post activation 4h are warming up to the speed of 30 DEG C/min under/min nitrogen protection, in nitrogen protection Under be cooled to 25 DEG C after take out, obtain the functional activity carbon fiber.
Embodiment 6
The functional activity carbon fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Viscose rayon is placed in activation furnace by I, in 200cm3850 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Afterwards, it is passed through the steam activation 1h containing hydrogen peroxide, the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide heats gas by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution Change obtains, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:0.5, after activation Stopping is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide, is cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains activated carbon fiber；
Activated carbon fiber is immersed in 30min in 50wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution by II, wherein the activated carbon fiber with The mass volume ratio of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1:4, then in 200cm3850 DEG C are raised to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Under continue activate 0.5h, 25 DEG C are cooled to after activation under nitrogen protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, it is described Activated carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for washing deionized water used every time are 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed on 80 DEG C Lower dry 6h, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment；
III, by sulfuric acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid, dehydrated alcohol by 0.5:0.5:0.5:10 volume ratio mix, at 30 DEG C with The revolving speed of 250r/min stirs 30min, then ultrasonic under conditions of ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz, ultrasonic power is 400W Wave handles 20min, obtains pickling agent；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is placed in 30 DEG C of pickling agent and is impregnated 2h, then in 200cm3It is raised at 850 DEG C under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min and continues to activate 0.5h, nitrogen after activation It is cooled to 25 DEG C under protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, the activated carbon fiber and every time washing deionization used The mass volume ratio of water is 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed at 75 DEG C dry 3h, obtains the active carbon fiber of acid processing Dimension；
IV, is mixed zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate, dehydrated alcohol by the mass ratio of 3:3:90, in 35 DEG C, 300r/ 40min is stirred under conditions of min；By acid processing activated carbon fiber be impregnated in 60min in the solution of mixing, then 40 DEG C, 30min is shaken in the constant temperature oscillation box of 130r/min, is rinsed with dehydrated alcohol, the activated carbon fiber and every time flushing institute It is 1:10 (g/mL) with the mass volume ratio of dehydrated alcohol, is placed at 100 DEG C for repeated flushing 3 times and 2h is dried, be placed in work Change in furnace, in 200cm3800 DEG C of post activation 4h are warming up to the speed of 30 DEG C/min under/min nitrogen protection, in nitrogen protection Under be cooled to 25 DEG C after take out, obtain the functional activity carbon fiber.
Embodiment 7
The functional activity carbon fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Viscose rayon is placed in activation furnace by I, in 200cm3850 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Afterwards, it is passed through the steam activation 1h containing hydrogen peroxide, the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide heats gas by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution Change obtains, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:0.5, after activation Stopping is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide, is cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains activated carbon fiber；
Activated carbon fiber is immersed in 30min in 50wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution by II, wherein the activated carbon fiber with The mass volume ratio of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1:4, then in 200cm3850 DEG C are raised to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Under continue activate 0.5h, 25 DEG C are cooled to after activation under nitrogen protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, it is described Activated carbon fiber and the mass volume ratio for washing deionized water used every time are 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed on 80 DEG C Lower dry 6h, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment；
III, by sulfuric acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid, dehydrated alcohol by 0.5:0.5:0.5:10 volume ratio mix, at 30 DEG C with The revolving speed of 250r/min stirs 30min, then ultrasonic under conditions of ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz, ultrasonic power is 400W Wave handles 20min, obtains pickling agent；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is placed in 30 DEG C of pickling agent and is impregnated 2h, then in 200cm3It is raised at 850 DEG C under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min and continues to activate 0.5h, nitrogen after activation It is cooled to 25 DEG C under protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, the activated carbon fiber and every time washing deionization used The mass volume ratio of water is 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed at 75 DEG C dry 3h, obtains the active carbon fiber of acid processing Dimension；
IV, is mixed silver nitrate, lanthanum nitrate, dehydrated alcohol by the mass ratio of 3:3:90, in 35 DEG C, the item of 300r/min 40min is stirred under part；The activated carbon fiber of acid processing is impregnated in 60min in the solution of mixing, then in 40 DEG C, 130r/ 30min is shaken in the constant temperature oscillation box of min, is rinsed with dehydrated alcohol, the activated carbon fiber and every time flushing nothing used The mass volume ratio of water-ethanol is 1:10 (g/mL), is placed at 100 DEG C for repeated flushing 3 times and 2h is dried, be placed in activation furnace In, in 200cm3800 DEG C of post activation 4h are warming up to the speed of 30 DEG C/min under/min nitrogen protection, it is cold under nitrogen protection But to taking out after 25 DEG C, the functional activity carbon fiber is obtained.
Embodiment 8
The functional activity carbon fiber the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Viscose rayon is placed in activation furnace by I, in 200cm3850 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Afterwards, it is passed through the steam activation 1h containing hydrogen peroxide, the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide heats gas by aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution Change obtains, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:0.5, after activation Stopping is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide, is cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains activated carbon fiber；
Activated carbon fiber is immersed in 30min in 50wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution by II, wherein the activated carbon fiber with The mass volume ratio of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is 1:4, then in 200cm3850 DEG C are raised to under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min Under continue activate 0.5h, 25 DEG C are cooled to after activation under nitrogen protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, the work Property carbon fiber and to wash the mass volume ratio of deionized water used every time be 1:15 (g/mL), washing to neutrality is placed at 80 DEG C Dry 6h, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment；
III, by sulfuric acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid, dehydrated alcohol by 0.5:0.5:0.5:10 volume ratio mix, at 30 DEG C with The revolving speed of 250r/min stirs 30min, then ultrasonic under conditions of ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz, ultrasonic power is 400W Wave handles 20min, obtains pickling agent；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is placed in 30 DEG C of pickling agent and is impregnated 2h, then in 200cm3It is raised at 850 DEG C under/min nitrogen protection with 5 DEG C/min and continues to activate 0.5h, nitrogen after activation It is cooled to 25 DEG C under protection, is washed after taking-up with deionized water, the activated carbon fiber and every time washing deionization used The mass volume ratio of water is 1:15 (g/mL), and washing to neutrality is placed at 75 DEG C dry 3h, obtains the active carbon fiber of acid processing Dimension；
IV, is mixed silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate, dehydrated alcohol by the mass ratio of 2:2:2:90,35 DEG C, 40min is stirred under conditions of 300r/min, the additive of gained mixed solution quality 1.5% is added, in 35 DEG C, 300r/ Continue to stir 40min, the solution mixed under conditions of min；The activated carbon fiber of acid processing is impregnated in the solution of mixing Middle 60min then shakes 30min in 40 DEG C, the constant temperature oscillation box of 130r/min, is rinsed with dehydrated alcohol, the work Property carbon fiber and to rinse the mass volume ratio of dehydrated alcohol used every time be 1:10 (g/mL), be placed on 100 DEG C repeated flushing 3 times Under 2h is dried, be placed in activation furnace, in 200cm3800 DEG C are warming up to under/min nitrogen protection with the speed of 30 DEG C/min Post activation 4h takes out after being cooled to 25 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
The additive is Ascorbic acid chitosan quaternary ammonium salt.
Embodiment 9
Substantially the same manner as Example 8, difference is only in that: the additive is Artesunate.
Embodiment 10
Substantially the same manner as Example 8, difference is only in that: the additive is by Ascorbic acid chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, blueness Artemisic succinate is mixed by the mass ratio of 1:1.
Test case 1
Competitive adsorption experiment: methylene chloride is most common organic solvent, has lower boiling point and incombustibility, because of it Widely used and highly volatile and largely exist in the environment, receive significant attention." Convention of Stockholm " is by methylene chloride One of 12 kinds of persistence organic pollutants of priority acccess control are classified as, the European Community is also classified as environmental hazard substance.This test Example is by activated carbon fiber in functional activity carbon fiber in test 1-10 of the embodiment of the present invention and control group to water and dichloromethane The competitive adsorption amount of alkane, to determine functional activity carbon fiber to the adsorption capacity of Organic substance in water.Take 400mL water and 40mL bis- Chloromethanes is placed in 1000mL beaker, and preservative film seals beaker mouth, and taking one piece of diameter respectively is the functional activity carbon fiber of 10mm Thin rounded flakes are suspended from beaker, and beaker is placed in 60 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control.It is taken out after 1h, according to the journal of writings " two of Li Xiangyan Secondary activating activities carbon fiber adsorption recycles methylene chloride " experimental methods of 1.3 sections, the water of measurement function activated carbon fiber absorption and The amount of methylene chloride, specific test result are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: competitive adsorption amount of the functional activity carbon fiber to water and methylene chloride
Sample Adsorb quantity of dichloromethane g/g Adsorpting water quantity g/g
Embodiment 1 0.165 1.04
Embodiment 2 0.184 0.91
Embodiment 3 0.211 0.88
Embodiment 4 0.267 0.69
Embodiment 5 0.245 0.72
Embodiment 6 0.243 0.75
Embodiment 7 0.237 0.69
Embodiment 8 0.279 0.63
Embodiment 9 0.282 0.65
Embodiment 10 0.291 0.61
Control group 0.037 2.51
By table 1, as a result, it has been found that, under conditions of water and methylene chloride exist simultaneously, functional activity carbon fiber is to the two Adsorption capacity has differences.Wherein embodiment 4 is obviously improved the adsorbance of methylene chloride for embodiment 1-3, And water adsorption amount is substantially reduced, this illustrates that functional activity carbon fiber becomes the adsorption capacity of organic pollutant methylene chloride By force, while not the filtration yield of water is influenced.
Test case 2
Bacteriostasis property test: according to 1.4 sections in the periodical literature " a kind of preparation and its antibiotic property of anti-bacterial fibre " of Wang Miao The antibacterial dizzy method of anti-microbial property test, tests the anti-microbial property of functional activity carbon fiber in embodiment 1-10.
Table 2: the antibacterial dizzy method test result table of functional activity carbon fiber
In comparison sheet 2 embodiment 1-10 numerical value can be seen that embodiment 4 (metal salt by silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, Lanthanum nitrate composition), antibacterial ring size is greater than embodiment 5-7 (metal salt is made of silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate)；And Embodiment 8-10 increases additive in functional activity carbon fiber, further improves the antibiotic property of functional activity carbon fiber Energy.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this The principle of invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, these changes Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its Equivalent defines.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber, includes the following steps:
I, viscose rayon is warming up to 700-900 DEG C, is passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide and is activated, obtains activated carbon fiber；
Acid, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (1.5-5) by II: the volume ratio of (5-20) mixes, and ultrasonic treatment obtains pickling agent；It will be active Carbon fiber, which is placed in pickling agent, carries out impregnation, is warming up to 700-900 DEG C and is activated, and the work of acid processing is obtained after dry Property carbon fiber；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by III: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained mixing The additive of solution quality 0-5%, the activated carbon fiber that acid processing is added carries out impregnation, dry, is warming up to 700-900 DEG C It is activated, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
2. the preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
I, viscose rayon under nitrogen protection, after being warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min, is passed through the water containing hydrogen peroxide and steams Gas is activated, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:(0.5- 2), stop being passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide after activation, be cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtain activated carbon Fiber；
Acid, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (1.5-5) by II: the volume ratio of (5-20) mixes, and is surpassed after mixing evenly at 20-50 DEG C Sonication obtains pickling agent；Activated carbon fiber is placed in pickling agent and carries out impregnation, then under nitrogen protection with 5-30 DEG C/min is warming up to 700-900 DEG C and is activated, and is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, uses deionized water after taking-up In washed repeatedly to neutrality, the activated carbon fiber of acid processing is obtained after dry；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by III: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained mixing Then the additive (the preferably additive of 0.5-5%) of solution quality 0-5%, the solution mixed after mixing evenly will The solution that the activated carbon fiber of acid processing is placed in mixing carries out impregnation, is placed in concussion processing 30- in constant temperature oscillation box 60min, it is dry with dehydrated alcohol repeated flushing 3-5 times, after being passed through nitrogen protection, then under nitrogen protection with 5-30 DEG C/ Min is warming up to 700-900 DEG C and is activated, and takes out after naturally cooling to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, and it is living to obtain the function Property carbon fiber.
3. the preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
I, viscose rayon under nitrogen protection, after being warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min, is passed through the water containing hydrogen peroxide and steams Gas is activated, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:(0.5- 2), stop being passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide after activation, be cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtain activated carbon Fiber；
Activated carbon fiber dipping is placed in 20-60wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and carries out impregnation by II, then protects in nitrogen 700-900 DEG C is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under shield to be activated, and is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, is spent after taking-up It is washed repeatedly in ionized water to neutrality, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment after dry；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by III: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained mixing The additive of solution quality 0-5%, the solution mixed after mixing evenly, then by the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment The solution for being placed in mixing carries out impregnation, is placed in concussion processing 30-60min in constant temperature oscillation box, is rushed repeatedly with dehydrated alcohol It washes 3-5 times, it is dry, after being passed through nitrogen protection, 700-900 DEG C then is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under nitrogen protection and is lived Change, is taken out after naturally cooling to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtain the functional activity carbon fiber.
4. the preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
I, viscose rayon under nitrogen protection, after being warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min, is passed through the water containing hydrogen peroxide and steams Gas is activated, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:(0.5- 2), stop being passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide after activation, be cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtain activated carbon Fiber；
Acid, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (1.5-5) by II: the volume ratio of (5-20) mixes, and is surpassed after mixing evenly at 20-50 DEG C Sonication obtains pickling agent；Activated carbon fiber is placed in pickling agent and carries out impregnation, then under nitrogen protection with 5-30 DEG C/min is warming up to 700-900 DEG C and is activated, and is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, uses deionized water after taking-up In washed repeatedly to neutrality, the activated carbon fiber of acid processing is obtained after dry；
The activated carbon fiber dipping of acid processing is placed in 20-60wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and carries out impregnation by III, then 700-900 DEG C is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under nitrogen protection to be activated, is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, is taken With being washed repeatedly in deionized water to neutrality after out, the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is obtained after dry；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by IV: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained mixing The additive of solution quality 0-5%, the solution mixed after mixing evenly, then by the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment The solution for being placed in mixing carries out impregnation, is placed in concussion processing 30-60min in constant temperature oscillation box, is rushed repeatedly with dehydrated alcohol It washes 3-5 times, it is dry, after being passed through nitrogen protection, 700-900 DEG C then is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under nitrogen protection and is lived Change, is taken out after naturally cooling to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtain the functional activity carbon fiber.
5. the preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
I, viscose rayon under nitrogen protection, after being warming up to 700-900 DEG C with 5-30 DEG C/min, is passed through the water containing hydrogen peroxide and steams Gas is activated, and wherein the mass concentration of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is 3-10%, and nitrogen and vapor volume ratio are 1:(0.5- 2), stop being passed through the vapor containing hydrogen peroxide after activation, be cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtain activated carbon Fiber；
Activated carbon fiber dipping is placed in 20-60wt% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and carries out impregnation by II, then protects in nitrogen 700-900 DEG C is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under shield to be activated, and is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, is spent after taking-up It is washed repeatedly in ionized water to neutrality, obtains the activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment after dry；
Acid, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (1.5-5) by III: the volume ratio of (5-20) mixes, and is surpassed after mixing evenly at 20-50 DEG C Sonication obtains pickling agent；The activated carbon fiber of potassium hydroxide treatment is placed in pickling agent and carries out impregnation, then 700-900 DEG C is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under nitrogen protection to be activated, is cooled to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, is taken With being washed repeatedly in deionized water to neutrality after out, the activated carbon fiber of acid processing is obtained after dry；
Metal salt, dehydrated alcohol are pressed (3-18) by IV: the mass ratio of (80-100) mixes, and is stirring evenly and then adding into gained mixing The additive of solution quality 0.5-5%, the solution mixed after mixing evenly, then the activated carbon fiber by acid processing is placed in The solution of mixing carries out impregnation, concussion processing 30-60min in constant temperature oscillation box is placed in, with dehydrated alcohol repeated flushing 3-5 It is secondary, it is dry, after being passed through nitrogen protection, 700-900 DEG C then is warming up to 5-30 DEG C/min under nitrogen protection and is activated, It is taken out after naturally cooling to 20-30 DEG C under nitrogen protection, obtains the functional activity carbon fiber.
6. the preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber as described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterised in that: the acid is sulphur One of acid, n-butyric acie, nitric acid are a variety of.
7. the preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber as described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterised in that: the metal salt Including silver nitrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, lanthanum nitrate it is one or more.
8. the preparation method of functional activity carbon fiber as described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterised in that: the additive Including Ascorbic acid chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, artemisinin derivative it is one or more.
9. a kind of functional activity carbon fiber, is prepared using the method according to claim 1.
10. activated carbon fiber as claimed in claim 9 is at organic solvent recycling, drink water purifying, air cleaning and sewage The application of reason.
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