CN106044744A - Preparation method and application of graphene-lignin-based composite hierarchical pore carbon plate material - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of graphene-lignin-based composite hierarchical pore carbon plate material Download PDF

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CN106044744A
CN106044744A CN201610379888.3A CN201610379888A CN106044744A CN 106044744 A CN106044744 A CN 106044744A CN 201610379888 A CN201610379888 A CN 201610379888A CN 106044744 A CN106044744 A CN 106044744A
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graphene
lignin
plate material
carbon plate
combined multi
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CN106044744B (en
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张瑞龙
周志平
戴江栋
何劲松
谢阿田
常忠帅
田苏君
闫永胜
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Jiangsu University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30Organic compounds

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a graphene-lignin-based composite hierarchical pore carbon plate material. The preparation method is conducted according to the following steps that 1, precursor carbonizing is conducted, wherein graphene oxide and sodium lignin sulfonate are mixed to be uniform, and the mixture is carbonized under protection of inert gas in a tubular furnace to obtain a carbide; 2, potassium hydroxide activating is conducted, wherein potassium hydroxide and the carbide obtained in the step 1 are mixed and ground to be uniform, the mixture is activated under protection of the inert gas in the tubular furnace to obtain an activated product; 3, the activated product obtained in the step 2 is immersed into hydrochloric acid to be soaked, so that impurities are removed, vacuum suction filtrating is conducted, and the product is washed by water to be neutral and dried to obtain the graphene-lignin-based composite hierarchical pore carbon plate material. The graphene-lignin-based composite hierarchical pore carbon plate material prepared through the method has the high specific surface area and can be widely applied to the fields of adsorptive separation, catalyst carriers and the like.

Description

A kind of preparation method of Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material and Purposes
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method and its usage of a kind of Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, belong to Technical field of environment function material preparation.
Background technology
Ciprofloxacin is the third generation carbostyril family antibacterial drugs of synthesis, has broad spectrum antibiotic activity, and bactericidal effect is good, several To institute germy antibacterial activity all strong compared with norfloxacin and enoxacin 2~4 times, to enterobacteria, bacillus pyocyaneus, influenza addicted to Blood bacillus, gonococcus, streptococcus, legionella, staphylococcus aureus have antibacterial action.For each system of whole body interference, Digestive tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, skin soft-tissue infection and mycoplasma infection etc. all there is good effect.Therefore ciprofloxacin Antibiotic is widely used in human medical and livestock breeding industry.But, the most of ciprofloxacin entering body can not fully absorb, Major part is not engaged in metabolism and gets rid of external, remains in that biological activity, enters in environment, carries out turning in microorganism Move and propagate and produce toxic effect.It addition, the antibiotic content in hospital wastewater is higher, far beyond ecological self-regeneration model Enclose, cause suddenly and the pollution of water environment.Chinese scholars research has been proven that and there is ring the third sand in soil and water environment Star antibiotic remains, and cause the extensive concern of environmental ecology, therefore, set up and develop effective and economic and practical process hands It is the most urgent that section carry out selectivity to remove ciprofloxacin antibiotic remains in environment.
Multilevel hole material is the material of spacial framework that is a kind of through by the most foramen magnum-mesoporous-micropore or that close, hole Border or the surface in hole are made up of pillar or flat board;For continuous media material, multilevel hole material typically have density low, Intensity is big, specific surface area is high, lightweight, sound insulation, the advantage such as heat insulation, multilevel hole material possesses the multistage pore canal knot of open communication Structure, the specific surface area of superelevation, this construction features determines it and possesses the absorbability of excellence, due to gas with various or liquid point Sub-size is different, and its freedom of motion degree is different, so the multilevel hole material of same apertures scope is to gas the most of the same race or liquid Absorbability different;Activated carbon has pore structure, high-specific surface area, high surface and various surface of prosperity because of it Chemical property and become widely used high-efficiency adsorbent, make activated carbon raw material can be coal, wood flour, shell etc.;Currently Resource scarcity, the energy are critical, in the case of ecological deterioration, it is former that the circulation of resource and clean utilization promote that Activated Carbon Production uses Expect to tilt, such as waste tire, lignin plant refuse etc. to refuse reclamation direction.
The present invention makes full use of resource, using the sodium lignin sulfonate of doping certain proportion graphene oxide as body before carbon Body, uses potassium hydroxide as activator, prepares the multi-stage porous carbon sheet material of high-specific surface area, have ciprofloxacin antibiotic There is good adsorption effect, be the promising adsorbent of a kind of tool.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the preparation method of a kind of Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, first First by carbon precursor high temperature cabonization under nitrogen protection;Secondly, utilize chemical activating agent potassium hydroxide to carbon under high-temperature calcination Compound activates;Finally, remove impurity with hydrochloric acid and obtain that there is Gao Bibiao by deionized water or hot wash to neutrality The multi-stage porous carbon sheet material of area;And by parameters such as multiple characterization method, the pattern of announcement composite and pore distributions, Adsorption experiment institute is utilized to obtain the multi-stage porous carbon plate material removal capacity to ciprofloxacin in water environment antibiotic.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
The preparation method of a kind of Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, is carried out as steps described below:
Step 1, the carbonization of precursor: graphene oxide is mixed homogeneously with sodium lignin sulfonate, in inert gas shielding Under, in tube furnace, carry out carbonization, obtain carbide;
Step 2, activation of potassium hydroxide: potassium hydroxide is mixed with the carbide in step 1 and grinds uniformly, at indifferent gas Under body protection, activate in tube furnace, obtain activation products;
Step 3, by soaking during in step 2, activation products are immersed in hydrochloric acid, to remove impurity, vacuum filtration, water washs extremely Neutrality, is dried to obtain Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material.
In step 1, the noble gas used is nitrogen, and the temperature of described carbonization is 500 DEG C, and heating rate is 3~10 ℃min-1, and at 500 DEG C, keep 2h.
In step 1, the graphene oxide used is 1~8:100 with the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate.
In step 2, the potassium hydroxide used is 0~4:1 with the mass ratio of carbide.
In step 2, described activation temperature is 850 DEG C, and heating rate is 3~10 DEG C of min-1, and at 850 DEG C, keep 1h.
In step 3, described washing is by deionized water or distilled water or hot water wash.
In step 3, described concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5~12mol L-1
Prepared Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material is for adsorbing the antibiotic in water, such as absorption Ciprofloxacin in water.
Beneficial effect:
(1) persursor material used by the present invention is sodium lignin sulfonate, abundance, cheap.
(2) Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material prepared has a high-specific surface area, high adsorption capacity, fast Speed absorption, stable performance, the regeneration performances such as reusing is good.
(3) in view of the high-specific surface area of this Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, can adsorbing separation, The fields such as catalyst carrier are widely used.
(4) preparation method of the present invention is simple, flow process is shorter, easy controlled operation, is suitable to promote the use of.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material of preparation in embodiment 1, its In (a) be the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the GLHPC-1 that graphene oxide is prepared when being 1:100 with sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio, (b) is The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the GLHPC-3 that graphene oxide is prepared when being 3:100 with sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio;
Fig. 2 is the transmission electricity of the graphene oxide in embodiment 1 and Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material Mirror figure, wherein, (a) is the transmission electron microscope picture of graphene oxide, and (b) is graphene oxide and sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio is 1: The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the GLHPC-1 prepared when 100;
Fig. 3 is the GLHPC-that in embodiment 1, graphene oxide is prepared when being followed successively by 1:100 with sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio The N of 12Adsorption-desorption isothermal measures curve chart, and in illustration, curve a is according to the calculated pore size distribution curve of DFT method, Curve b is accumulative pore capacities distribution curve;
Fig. 4 is the GLHPC-that in embodiment 1, graphene oxide is prepared when being followed successively by 1:100 with sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio The adsorption curve figure of the ciprofloxacin of 1 pair of different initial concentration;
Fig. 5 is the GLHPC-that in embodiment 1, graphene oxide is prepared when being followed successively by 1:100 with sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio 1 under water environment curve of adsorption kinetics figure to ciprofloxacin;
Fig. 6 is the GLHPC-that in embodiment 1, graphene oxide is prepared when being followed successively by 1:100 with sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio Recycle adsorption effect figure 3 times of 1 pair of ciprofloxacin.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment 1:
By graphene oxide and sodium lignin sulfonate mix homogeneously, graphene oxide is with sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio successively For 1:100,2:100,3:100,5:100 and 8:100, the mixture of different proportion is all put in porcelain boat, in tube furnace Carbonization under the atmosphere of nitrogen, carburizing temperature is 500 DEG C, and heating rate is 5 DEG C of min-1, maintain 2h, obtain carbide;By hydroxide Potassium and carbide are uniform with mass ratio 1:4 mixed grinding, place into nickel pot, close the lid, in the atmosphere of nitrogen in tube furnace Lower activation, activation temperature is 800 DEG C, and heating rate is 5 DEG C of min-1, maintain 1h.Activation products are used 0.5mol L-1Hydrochloric acid Soaking and remove impurity, vacuum filtration, deionized water is washed till neutrality, is drying to obtain Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate Material.It is once GLHPC-1, GLHPC-2, GLHPC-by Product Labeling according to graphene oxide and sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio 3、GLHPC-5、GLHPC-8。
By the comparison to (a) He (b) in Fig. 1, it can be seen that along with graphene oxide (GO) consumption increases GLHPC's Pattern there occurs change, and the laminated structure of GLHPC is thinning, shows that GO mono-aspect plays induction pattern plate effect, on the other hand plays Confinement carbonization and activation.
The TEM figure of what in Fig. 2, (a) represented is GO, its ultra-thin structure and transparent shape, its internal interaction makes GO Show that fold occurs.(b) show GLHPC-1 TEM figure, it is shown that thicker laminated structure, but surface the most coarse containing Substantial amounts of mesoporous and micron duct.
Can draw in Fig. 3, GLHPC-1 is to N2Absorption show that based on I type isothermal adsorption there is obvious micropore Feature.The specific surface area of GLHPC-1 and pore volume are up to 3223m respectively2g-1And 2.275cm3g-1.Illustration is DFT pore-size distribution With accumulative pore volume distribution curve, macropore range is 2.0~5.0nm.These results indicate that adsorbent has substantial amounts of micropore and Jie Hole, has superhigh specific surface area.
Fig. 4 is to show that the absorbability of ciprofloxacin is gradually increased by GLHPC-1 along with the increase of CIP initial concentration, And progressively reach balance.Meanwhile, rising high-temperature and can promote absorption property, CIP adsorbance is from the 597.1mg g of 298K-1Increase To 318K 946.9mg g-1, it is shown that good affinity.
Fig. 5 is the multi-stage porous carbon material curve of adsorption kinetics to CIP under water environment.Initially, along with time of contact Increasing, adsorbance increases sharply, and slowly tends to balance after 30min, shows supper-fast adsorption equilibrium.
Fig. 6 shows that multi-stage porous carbon remains in that higher value to the adsorbance of ciprofloxacin after recycling at 3 times.
Absorption to ciprofloxacin under the pore property of table 1 GLHPC-1 and different temperatures
Embodiment 2:
By graphene oxide and sodium lignin sulfonate mix homogeneously, graphene oxide and sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio are 1: 100, mixture all to be put in porcelain boat, carbonization under the atmosphere of nitrogen in tube furnace, carburizing temperature is 500 DEG C, and heat up speed Rate is 3 DEG C of min-1, maintain 2h, obtain carbide;Potassium hydroxide is mixed with mass ratio 0:1,1:1,2:1,3:1 successively with carbide Closing and grind uniformly, place into nickel pot, close the lid, activate in tube furnace under the atmosphere of nitrogen, activation temperature is 800 DEG C, Heating rate is 3 DEG C of min-1, maintain 1h.Activation products are used 1mol L-1Soak with hydrochloric acid remove impurity, vacuum filtration, distillation It is washed to neutrality, is drying to obtain Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material.
Embodiment 3:
By graphene oxide and sodium lignin sulfonate mix homogeneously, graphene oxide and sodium lignin sulfonate mass ratio are 1: 100, mixture all to be put in porcelain boat, carbonization under the atmosphere of nitrogen in tube furnace, carburizing temperature is 500 DEG C, and heat up speed Rate is 3 DEG C of min-1, maintain 2h, obtain carbide;Potassium hydroxide is uniform with mass ratio 1:1 mixed grinding successively with carbide, Placing into nickel pot, close the lid, activate in tube furnace under the atmosphere of nitrogen, activation temperature is 800 DEG C, and heating rate is 7 ℃min-1, maintain 1h.Activation products are used 1mol L-1Soak with hydrochloric acid remove impurity, vacuum filtration, be washed till neutrality with hot water, It is drying to obtain Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material.
Under different parameters, the multi-stage porous carbon of preparation is to the adsorbance of ciprofloxacin and detailed the listing at table 1 of specific surface area.
2, below in conjunction with being embodied as example, the present invention will be further described:
In the present invention, in specific embodiments, absorption property evaluation is carried out by the following method: utilize Staticadsorption experiment complete Become;The ciprofloxacin solution of 10mL variable concentrations is joined in centrifuge tube, is added thereto to 2.0mg multi-stage porous carbon sheet material respectively Material, stands in water bath with thermostatic control, has investigated pH value of solution, impact that ciprofloxacin is adsorbed by adsorbent amount, time of contact, temperature; Absorption reach saturated after, 0.45 μm membrane filtration collect the supernatant, record at λ=277nm with ultraviolet-visible photometer Remaining Ciprofloxacin Concentration in test solution, is calculated adsorption capacity (Qe)。
Q e = ( C 0 - C e ) V m
Wherein C0(μm ol/L) and Ce(μm ol/L) is initial and equilibrium concentration respectively, and m (mg) is adsorbent amount, V (mL) For liquor capacity.
Experimental example 1: take 10ml initial concentration and be respectively 100,150,200,250 and 280mg L-1Ciprofloxacin solution add Enter in centrifuge tube, be separately added into 2.0mg Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, test fluid is placed on 298K After standing 12h in water-bath, collecting the supernatant, the concentration ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer of the husky star of not to be adsorbed third measures, And calculate adsorption capacity according to result.
Experimental example 2: taking 10ml initial concentration is 200mg L-1Ciprofloxacin solution join in centrifuge tube, be separately added into 2.0mg Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, test fluid is placed in the water-bath of 25 DEG C and stands 5 respectively, 10, 15,30,60,90,180 and 360min.Collect the supernatant, the concentration UV, visible light light splitting light of ciprofloxacin not to be adsorbed Degree meter measures, and calculates adsorption capacity according to result;Result shows: Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material Ciprofloxacin is had the best adsorption dynamics adsorption kinetics performance.
Experimental example 3: taking 10ml initial concentration is 200mg L-1Different pH (3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0 and 8.0) Ciprofloxacin solution joins in centrifuge tube, is separately added into 2.0mg Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, After test fluid is placed in the water-bath of 25 DEG C standing 12h, collecting the supernatant, the concentration ultraviolet of ciprofloxacin not to be adsorbed can See spectrophotometric determination, and calculate adsorption capacity according to result;Result shows: Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole Carbon plate material has the best adsorption dynamics adsorption kinetics performance to ciprofloxacin.

Claims (9)

1. the preparation method of Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, it is characterised in that as steps described below Carry out:
Step 1, the carbonization of precursor: graphene oxide is mixed homogeneously with sodium lignin sulfonate, under inert gas shielding, Carry out carbonization in tube furnace, obtain carbide;
Step 2, activation of potassium hydroxide: potassium hydroxide mixed with the carbide in step 1 and grinds uniformly, protecting at noble gas Protect down, activate in tube furnace, obtain activation products;
Step 3, by soaking during in step 2, activation products are immersed in hydrochloric acid, to remove impurity, vacuum filtration, and use deionized water Or distilled water or hot wash are to neutral, are dried to obtain Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material.
The preparation method of a kind of Graphene the most according to claim 1/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, it is special Levying and be, in step 1, the noble gas used is nitrogen, and the temperature of described carbonization is 500 DEG C, and heating rate is 3~10 DEG C min-1, and at 500 DEG C, keep 2h.
The preparation method of a kind of Graphene the most according to claim 1/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, it is special Levying and be, in step 1, the graphene oxide used is 1~8:100 with the mass ratio of sodium lignin sulfonate.
The preparation method of a kind of Graphene the most according to claim 1/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, it is special Levying and be, in step 2, the potassium hydroxide used is 0~4:1 with the mass ratio of carbide.
The preparation method of a kind of Graphene the most according to claim 1/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, it is special Levying and be, in step 2, described activation temperature is 850 DEG C, and heating rate is 3~10 DEG C of min-1, and at 850 DEG C, keep 1h.
The preparation method of a kind of Graphene the most according to claim 1/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, it is special Levying and be, in step 3, described concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5~12mol L-1
The preparation method of a kind of Graphene the most according to claim 1/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, it is special Levying and be, in step 3, described washing is by deionized water or distilled water or hot water wash.
8. the Graphene that prepared by the method described in claim 1~7 any one/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material Purposes, it is characterised in that prepared Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material is for adsorbing the antibiosis in water Element.
The purposes of Graphene the most according to claim 8/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material, it is characterised in that Described Graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material is for adsorbing the ciprofloxacin in water.
CN201610379888.3A 2016-05-31 2016-05-31 A kind of preparation method and its usage of graphene/lignin-base combined multi-stage hole carbon plate material Expired - Fee Related CN106044744B (en)

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CN113247887A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-08-13 齐鲁工业大学 Preparation method of hierarchical porous graphene and application of hierarchical porous graphene

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