CN109082127B - Rapeseed protein composite membrane - Google Patents
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
- C08J2305/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2389/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2489/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
Abstract
The invention provides a rapeseed protein composite membrane, and relates to the technical field of food packaging. The rapeseed protein composite membrane is prepared by adopting the following method: hydrolyzing rapeseed protein with alkaline protease, wherein the hydrolysis degree is 6-9%; centrifuging, taking the supernatant, and freeze-drying to obtain rapeseed protein hydrolysate; preparing a solution A containing 8-12g/L of rapeseed protein hydrolysate and 8-12g/L of chitosan, adding 4-8g of glycerol into each liter of the solution A, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15min by using 50-70W of power, and then stirring for 1.5-2.5h under the condition of 550rpm of 450 ion sources to obtain a film forming solution; and preparing the rapeseed protein composite membrane by adopting a tape casting method from the film forming solution. The rapeseed protein composite membrane has edibility, safety for consumers, environmental friendliness, compact, uniform and smooth microstructure, and has higher mechanical property, water resistance and antibacterial property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food packaging, in particular to a rapeseed protein composite membrane.
Background
In recent years, edible packaging films have been increasingly studied. Edible packaging films such bio-based packaging films have reduced environmental impact compared to industrial synthetic packaging materials and will likely replace petroleum-based packaging films. There are many advantages to using rapeseed protein isolated from rapeseed to make edible composite films. First, rapeseed protein has high nutritional value, no limiting amino acid, and reasonable amino acid composition, especially contains enough basic amino acid (lysine) and sulfur-containing amino acid (methionine), and basically meets the recommended modes of FAO and WTO. Secondly, the yield of Chinese rapeseeds is extremely high, the rapeseeds are mostly used for extracting the rapeseeds in China, the residual rapeseed dregs are mostly used for feeds, and the rapeseed dregs contain a lot of proteins, so the method has very important economic significance for recycling the rapeseed dregs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapeseed protein composite membrane, which can effectively utilize rapeseed protein separated from rapeseed meal, has edibility, is safe for consumers, environment-friendly, compact, uniform and smooth in microstructure, and has higher mechanical property, water resistance and antibacterial property.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a rapeseed protein composite membrane is prepared by the following method:
(1) hydrolyzing rapeseed protein extracted from rapeseed dregs by adopting alkaline protease, wherein the hydrolysis degree is 6-9%; centrifuging, taking the supernatant, and freeze-drying to obtain rapeseed protein hydrolysate;
(2) preparing a solution A containing 8-12g/L of rapeseed protein hydrolysate and 8-12g/L of chitosan, adding 4-8g of glycerol into each liter of the solution A, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15min by using 50-70W of power, and then stirring for 1.5-2.5h under the condition of 550rpm of 450 ion sources to obtain a film forming solution; and preparing the rapeseed protein composite membrane by adopting a tape casting method from the film forming solution.
In the present invention, the preparation method of the solution a is as follows: taking 15-25g/L acetic acid water solution as a solvent to prepare a solution B containing 16-24g/L chitosan; mixing 16-24g/L rapeseed protein hydrolysate solution with the solution B according to the volume ratio of 4:3-4:5 to obtain solution A.
In the invention, when the rapeseed protein is hydrolyzed by adopting the alkaline protease, the adding amount of the alkaline protease is 2-6 percent of the mass of the rapeseed protein, the pH value during hydrolysis is 7.5-8.5, and the hydrolysis temperature is 40-50 ℃.
In the invention, the rapeseed protein is extracted from the rapeseed dregs by an alkali-dissolving and acid-precipitating method, the pH value is 10.5-11.5 when alkali is dissolved, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the pH value is 4.0-5.0 when acid is precipitated.
In the invention, the rapeseed dregs are obtained by shelling, crushing and degreasing rapeseed.
In the invention, the method for preparing the rapeseed protein composite membrane by adopting the tape casting method comprises the following steps: pouring the film forming liquid into a mold for molding, drying for 20-30h at 25-30 ℃, and uncovering the film.
The applicant finds that the composite membrane prepared by adding glycerol into a mixed solution of 6-9% rapeseed protein hydrolysate with a lower concentration hydrolysis degree and chitosan, performing ultrasonic treatment, and then performing magnetic stirring by a tape casting method has the advantages of thin thickness, high tensile strength, high elongation at break, low water vapor transmission coefficient, good mechanical property and water resistance, certain antibacterial property, and compact, uniform and smooth microstructure. The rapeseed protein is derived from rapeseed meal after oil pressing, so that the rapeseed protein is not only edible, but also low in cost, safe to consumers and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a rapeseed protein composite membrane, wherein (A) is an electron microscope image of the surface of a rapeseed protein composite membrane 2, and the composite membrane: (B) is an electron microscope picture of the cross section of the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2; (C) is an electron microscope picture of the surface of the contrast composite film 1; (D) is an electron microscope picture of the cross section of the comparative composite film 1; (E) is an electron microscope picture of the surface of the contrast composite film 2; (F) is an electron microscope picture of the cross section of the control composite film 2; (G) is an electron microscope picture of the surface of the contrast composite film 3; (H) is an electron microscope image of the cross section of the control composite film 3.
FIG. 2 is a bacteriostatic circle diagram of the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2, in which (A) is a picture taken by the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2 for inhibiting Escherichia coli; (B) is a picture taken by the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2 for inhibiting staphylococcus aureus; (C) is a picture of the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2 for inhibiting the bacillus subtilis.
Detailed Description
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of rapeseed protein hydrolysate
The preparation of rapeseed protein hydrolysate comprises the following steps:
(1) rapeseed dregs are obtained. Drying the rapeseeds in a drying oven at the constant temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 24 hours, shelling the rapeseeds by a sheller, and screening out rapeseed shells by a blower. The rapeseeds after shelling are crushed to the particle size of 100-.
(2) And (4) degreasing the rapeseed dregs. The rapeseed dregs are degreased for 6-8h by using a Soxhlet extraction method, and then are crushed to the particle size of 100-600 mu m, so as to obtain the degreased rapeseed dregs. Packaging the defatted rapeseed dregs in a sealed bag, and refrigerating in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.
(3) The rapeseed protein is extracted from the degreased rapeseed dregs by an alkali-soluble acid-precipitation method. Weighing defatted rapeseed meal, dissolving in deionized water (the mass ratio of the defatted rapeseed meal to the deionized water is 1:10), adjusting pH to 11.0 with 1mol/L NaOH solution, and extracting for 2h in 45 deg.C water bath under stirring. Then cooling, centrifuging at 4 deg.C, and collecting supernatant. The supernatant was adjusted to pH 4.5 with 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to precipitate the protein. Centrifuging to obtain precipitate, dissolving with appropriate amount of deionized water, adjusting pH to 7.0, and freeze drying to obtain rapeseed protein. The content of the protein in the rapeseed protein extracted by the method is 85% by detecting the BCA kit.
(4) Rapeseed protein hydrolysate is obtained. Rapeseed protein is taken and dissolved in deionized water (the mass ratio of the rapeseed protein to the deionized water is 1:10), the solution is placed in a water bath at 45 ℃ after the pH value of the solution is adjusted to be 8.0, the solution is stirred and dissolved, and then alkaline protease (200U/mg, purchased from Beijing Solebao scientific and technology Co., Ltd., product number: B8360) with the mass of 5% of the rapeseed protein is added for hydrolysis. During the hydrolysis process, 1mol/L NaOH solution is added dropwise to ensure that the pH value is unchanged, and the volume of the consumed NaOH solution is recorded to calculate the degree of hydrolysis of the protein. After the hydrolysis reaction is finished, preserving the temperature of the hydrolysate in a water bath at 85 ℃ for 15min to inactivate the protease, quickly cooling in an ice water bath, centrifuging to obtain a supernatant, and freeze-drying to obtain the rapeseed protein hydrolysate.
The Degree of Hydrolysis (DH) in the rapeseed protein hydrolysis process is determined by adopting a pH-stat method, and the DH is calculated according to the formula (1):
wherein B is the volume (mL) of NaOH solution added in the reaction process, and NbAs concentration (mol/L) of NaOH solution added, MpIs the amount of protein (g) and alpha is alpha-NH at the time of hydrolysis2Average degree of dissociation of htotIs the degree constant of food-borne protein hydrolysis. For rapeseed protein: 1/α ═ 1.1, hhot＝8.04。
The degree of hydrolysis of rapeseed protein was controlled to 6%, and the resulting rapeseed protein hydrolysate was designated as rapeseed protein hydrolysate having a degree of hydrolysis of 6%.
The degree of hydrolysis of rapeseed protein was controlled to 9%, and the resulting rapeseed protein hydrolysate was designated as rapeseed protein hydrolysate having a degree of hydrolysis of 9%.
Example 2 preparation of rapeseed protein composite Membrane
Preparing 20g/L rapeseed protein hydrolysate solution with hydrolysis degree of 6% by taking water as solvent. 20g/L of chitosan solution is prepared as solution B by taking 20g/L of acetic acid aqueous solution as a solvent. And (3) fully stirring the rapeseed protein hydrolysate solution and the solution B by using a magnetic stirrer respectively, and then mixing in equal volume to obtain a solution A. Adding 8g of glycerol into each liter of the solution A, treating for 12min by using ultrasonic waves with the power of 65W, and then fully stirring for 2h at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer (the rotating speed is 500r/min) to obtain a film-forming solution. Pouring the film forming solution into a groove (10cm multiplied by 1mm) of a polytetrafluoroethylene mold for molding, drying for 24 hours in a constant-humidity constant-temperature drying oven with the temperature of 27 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50-55%, and uncovering the film to obtain the rapeseed protein composite film 1.
The rapeseed protein hydrolysate with the hydrolysis degree of 9 percent is used for replacing the rapeseed protein hydrolysate with the hydrolysis degree of 6 percent, and the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2 is obtained by the other steps and the preparation method of the rapeseed protein composite membrane 1.
Preparing 20g/L rapeseed protein (prepared in example 1) solution by using water as a solvent, adjusting the pH of the solution to 9.0, adding 4g of glycerol into each liter of solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 12min by using 65W, and then fully stirring for 2h by using a magnetic stirrer (with the rotating speed of 500r/min) at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a film-forming solution. Pouring the film forming solution into a groove (10cm multiplied by 1mm) of a polytetrafluoroethylene mold for molding, drying for 24 hours in a constant-humidity constant-temperature drying oven with the temperature of 25-27 ℃ and the humidity of 50-55%, and uncovering the film to obtain a control composite film 1.
The rapeseed protein is used for replacing rapeseed protein hydrolysate with hydrolysis degree of 6%, and the other steps are the same as the preparation method of the rapeseed protein composite membrane 1, so as to obtain a control composite membrane 2.
A rapeseed protein hydrolysate having a degree of hydrolysis of 10% was prepared by the method of example 1, except that: and (4) after the hydrolysis reaction is finished, preserving the temperature of the hydrolysate in a water bath at 85 ℃ for 15min to inactivate the protease, quickly cooling the hydrolysate in an ice water bath, adjusting the pH to 6.0, centrifuging the hydrolysate to obtain a supernatant, and freeze-drying the supernatant to obtain the rapeseed protein hydrolysate with the hydrolysis degree of 10%. Preparing 40g/L rapeseed protein hydrolysate solution by taking rapeseed protein hydrolysate with 10% of hydrolysis degree and taking water as a solvent. A40 g/L chitosan solution was prepared as solution B using 20g/L acetic acid aqueous solution as a solvent. And (3) fully stirring the rapeseed protein hydrolysate solution and the solution B by using a magnetic stirrer respectively, and then mixing in equal volume to obtain a solution A. Adding 8g of glycerol into each liter of the solution A, and fully stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ by using a magnetic stirrer (the rotating speed is 500r/min) to obtain a film forming solution. Pouring the film forming solution into a groove (10cm multiplied by 1mm) of a polytetrafluoroethylene mold for molding, drying for 24 hours in a constant-humidity constant-temperature drying oven with the temperature of 27 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50-55%, and uncovering the film to obtain a control composite film 3.
The performance of each composite membrane was tested and the specific results are shown in table 1. The tensile strength (tensile strength, TS) and elongation at break (EB) of the composite film were measured by the tensile property test method for plastic films (GB/T1040.3-2006). Laboratory Texture Analyzer (TA. XT2i Texture analyzers, Stable Micro Systems, Godalming, UK), the probe spacing was controlled at 5cm and the test rate at 1.5mm/s for each test.
The water vapor transmission coefficient of the composite membrane is measured by adopting a national standard 'test method for water vapor permeability of plastic films and sheets-cup method' (GB 1037-.
TABLE 1 Properties of the composite films
As can be seen from table 1, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the rapeseed protein composite films 1 and 2 made of the rapeseed protein hydrolysate with the hydrolysis degree of 6% and 9% are significantly higher than those of the control composite films 1 and 2 made of the rapeseed protein, and the water vapor transmission coefficient is significantly lower than that of the control composite films 1 and 2. Compared with the comparison composite membrane 3, the rapeseed protein composite membranes 1 and 2 have thinner thickness and more excellent mechanical property and water resistance; and the breaking elongation of the rapeseed protein composite films 1 and 2 is low, so that the phenomenon that the composite films are too much elongated when being torn during use is avoided.
As can be seen from fig. 1, the microstructure of the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2 is denser, more uniform and smoother, and has no large particulate foreign matter, as compared to the control composite membranes 1, 2, 3. The rapeseed protein composite membrane 1 also has a similar microstructure. The results show that the chitosan and the rapeseed protein hydrolysate have better compatibility, the rapeseed protein composite films 1 and 2 have good mechanical property, larger elasticity and stronger water resistance, and the microscopic appearance is compact and smooth.
In addition, the bacteriostatic effect of each composite membrane is examined by detecting the bacteriostatic circle of the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2 on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the concentration of 0.1mL is about 106The bacterial suspension of CFU/ml was transferred to LB solid plates and spread with a sterile spreading bar. The test film was cut into disks having a diameter of 10mmSterilized by irradiation with an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp for 30 minutes, and then placed in the center of an LB solid plate with tweezers. The solid plates were incubated in a 37 ℃ incubator for 48 h. And measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone by using a digital display vernier caliper. Three replicates were run for each sample and the results averaged. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the rapeseed protein composite membrane 2 on escherichia coli is 19.30mm, the diameter of the inhibition zone on staphylococcus aureus is 21.18mm, and the diameter of the inhibition zone on bacillus subtilis is 22.87 mm. The rapeseed protein composite membrane 1 also has similar bacteriostatic property.
Claims (5)
1. A rapeseed protein composite membrane is characterized by being prepared by the following method:
(1) hydrolyzing rapeseed protein extracted from rapeseed dregs by adopting alkaline protease, wherein the hydrolysis degree is 6% or 9%; centrifuging, taking the supernatant, and freeze-drying to obtain rapeseed protein hydrolysate;
(2) preparing a solution A containing 8-12g/L of rapeseed protein hydrolysate and 8-12g/L of chitosan, adding 4-8g of glycerol into each liter of the solution A, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-15min by using 50-70W of power, and then stirring for 1.5-2.5h under the condition of 550rpm of 450 ion sources to obtain a film forming solution; preparing the film-forming solution by adopting a tape casting method to obtain a rapeseed protein composite film; the preparation method of the solution A comprises the following steps: taking 15-25g/L acetic acid water solution as a solvent to prepare a solution B containing 16-24g/L chitosan; mixing 16-24g/L rapeseed protein hydrolysate solution with the solution B according to the volume ratio of 4:3-4:5 to obtain solution A.
2. The rapeseed protein composite membrane according to claim 1, wherein the rapeseed protein is hydrolyzed by alkaline protease in an amount of 2 to 6% by mass of the rapeseed protein, the pH at the time of hydrolysis is 7.5 to 8.5, and the hydrolysis temperature is 40 to 50 ℃.
3. The rapeseed protein composite membrane according to claim 2, wherein: extracting rapeseed protein from rapeseed dregs by alkali dissolution and acid precipitation, wherein the pH value is 10.5-11.5 during alkali dissolution, the temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the pH value is 4.0-5.0 during acid precipitation.
4. The rapeseed protein composite membrane according to claim 3, wherein: the rapeseed dregs are obtained by shelling, crushing and degreasing rapeseed.
5. The rapeseed protein composite membrane according to claim 4, wherein the rapeseed protein composite membrane is prepared by a casting method, which comprises the following steps: pouring the film forming liquid into a mold for molding, drying for 20-30h at 25-30 ℃, and uncovering the film.
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| CN110483812A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-22 | 南京财经大学 | A kind of rapeseed protein base nanogel and its application |
| CN110628064A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-31 | 南京财经大学 | High-ductility rice protein edible composite film prepared by ultrasonic-enzyme method |
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