CN109081383B - 过渡金属氟化物的制备方法 - Google Patents

过渡金属氟化物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109081383B
CN109081383B CN201810749033.4A CN201810749033A CN109081383B CN 109081383 B CN109081383 B CN 109081383B CN 201810749033 A CN201810749033 A CN 201810749033A CN 109081383 B CN109081383 B CN 109081383B
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transition metal
fluoride
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cobalt
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冯立纲
刘宗
方波
王复龙
郁旭
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Yangzhou University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种过渡金属氟化物的制备方法。所述方法将过渡金属前驱体和氟化铵按质量比为1:5~20混合或上下游放置,在惰性气氛下,于250℃以上进行热解处理,热解结束后,水洗,过滤,干燥得到过渡金属氟化物。本发明方法操作简单,采用的氟源和过渡金属原材料简单,成本较低,材料结晶性好,适用于大批量生产。

Description

过渡金属氟化物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于过渡金属化合物制备技术领域,涉及一种过渡金属氟化物的制备方法。
背景技术
金属氟化物在催化合成,敷膜保护,电源存储和转换中具有广泛的应用价值。例如使用氟化钴制备六氟化硫等[CN201210589193.X];金属氟化物应用在磁性体表面,通过涂敷过渡金属氟化物提高材料的磁特性[CN200810008924.0];在储氢复合材料中,过渡金属氟化物还能有效实现较低温度的氢气存储和释放,如[CN201711123813.X]和[CN201310717737.0];在锂离子电池正极材料中,使用三氟化铁和六氟铁酸锂复合材料有效的增强了正极材料的稳定性[CN201710426552.2]。
过渡金属氟化物由于具有良好的能量存储性能,在锂离子电池正极材料中,得到了较为广泛的研究,如专利报道的CN201611178343.2,CN201710743814.8等。此外,过渡金属氟化物还能作为一种重要的工业原料如封孔剂,有机反应催化剂等,如CN201510404046.4,CN201611178343.2等。
目前,常用的过渡金属氟化物的合成方法有:(1)电化学电镀法合成CoF2材料,并应用于超级电容中[Chem.Commun.,2014,50,7067-7070.],然而,这类方式合成材料的纯度无法控制,此外,还将生成大量的含氟废液;(2)水热合成氟化钴镍/碳纳米管复合材料,合成材料的步骤较多,同时形成大量废液[CN201510404046.4];(3)湿法合成冶金生产氟化镍,材料存在纯度和由此形成的废弃物如废液,废渣等较多等问题[CN201410551409.2];(4)直流电弧等离子体蒸发制备NiF2[J.Power Sources,2017,366,131-142.],与离子液体共沉淀制备CoF2[J.Power Sources 2016,303,49-56.],高温热解Fe(CF3COO)2(CF3COOH)2制备FeF2[J.Mater.Chem.A,2017,5,7383–7393],热解CoSiF6制备CoF2[Small 2015,11,No.38,5164–5173],热解六氟乙酰基丙酮酸钴水合物制备CoF2和噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮铁制备FeF2应用于锂离子电源领域中,然而这类原材料的成本高昂,无法实现大批量生产。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种过渡金属氟化物的制备方法。该方法以过渡金属盐、过渡金属氧化物或过渡金属氢氧化物为过渡金属前驱体,与氟化铵,在惰性气氛中,低温氟化,制得过渡金属氟化物。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下:
过渡金属氟化物的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
将过渡金属前驱体和氟化铵按质量比为1:5~20混合或上下游放置,惰性气氛下,于250℃以上进行热解处理,热解结束后,水洗,过滤,干燥得到过渡金属氟化物。
优选地,所述的过渡金属前驱体可以是过渡金属氢氧化物,过渡金属氧化物或过渡金属盐中的一种或两种以上。所述的过渡金属氢氧化物可以是Fe(OH)3,Co(OH)2或Ni(OH)2等。所述的过渡金属氧化物可以是FeO,NiO,CoO等。所述的过渡金属盐可以是Fe2(SO4),NiCl2,Co(NO)3等。
优选地,所述的热解温度为250℃~600℃。
优选地,所述的热解时间为60分钟以上。
优选地,所述的惰性气氛可以是氮气,氩气或氦气。
优选地,所述的过渡金属前驱体可以负载在泡沫类金属或非金属上,如泡沫钴,泡沫镍,泡沫铁,钛片,铝箔,碳纸,碳布等。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)与湿法、水热法等方法相比,操作简单,成本较低,材料结晶性好,适用于大批量产生;
(2)与其他热解制备氟化物方法相比,采用的氟源和过渡金属原材料简单,成本较低。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的负载氟化钴的泡沫镍材料的XRD图谱。
图2为实施例2制得的氟化钴/氟化镍材料的XRD图谱。
图3为实施例3制得的氟化钴材料的XRD图谱。
图4为对比例1制得的氟化镍/氢氧化镍混合物材料的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详述。
实施例1
负载在泡沫镍上的氟化钴制备:将100mg氢氧化钴前驱体沉积到泡沫镍上,和2g氟化铵上下游放置,置于惰性气氛管式炉中,在350℃,热解处理120分钟后,使用去离子水清洗该混合物,过滤干燥后就能得到负载在泡沫镍上的氟化钴。
图1为制得的负载氟化钴的泡沫镍材料的XRD图,从图中可以看出仅存在氟化钴和泡沫镍的特征峰,不存在其他杂相,证明了氟化钴材料被成功合成。
实施例2
氟化钴/氟化镍的制备:将100mg过渡金属前驱体(硝酸钴和硝酸镍摩尔比为1:1)和2g氟化铵上下游放置,置于惰性气氛管式炉中,在350℃,热解处理120分钟后,使用去离子水清洗该混合物,过滤干燥后就能得到氟化钴/氟化镍混合物。
图2为制得的氟化钴/氟化镍混合物材料的XRD图,从图中可以看出仅存在氟化钴/氟化镍混合物的特征峰,一步合成了氟化钴/氟化镍混合物材料。
实施例3
氟化钴的制备:将100mg氧化钴前驱体和500mg氟化铵混合,置于惰性气氛管式炉中,在350℃,热解处理120分钟后,使用去离子水清洗该混合物,过滤干燥后就能得到氟化钴。
图3为制得的氟化钴的XRD图,从图中可以看出仅存在氟化钴的特征峰。
对比例1
镍化钴/氢氧化镍的制备:将100mg氢氧化镍前驱体和300mg氟化铵混合,置于惰性气氛管式炉中,在350℃,热解处理120分钟后,使用去离子水清洗该混合物,过滤干燥后就能得到氟化镍/氢氧化镍混合材料。
图4为制得的氟化镍/氢氧化镍混合物材料的XRD图谱,从图中可以看出仅存在氟化镍和氢氧化镍的特征峰,说明当过渡金属前驱体和氟化铵的质量比低于1:5时(对比例1中过渡金属前驱体和氟化铵的质量比为1:3),制备得到的材料为混合物,不能得到纯净的过渡金属氟化物。

Claims (3)

1.过渡金属氟化物的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
将过渡金属前驱体和氟化铵按质量比为1:5~20混合或上下游放置,惰性气氛下,于350℃进行热解处理120分钟,热解结束后,水洗,过滤,干燥得到过渡金属氟化物;所述的过渡金属前驱体负载在泡沫类金属载体或非金属载体上;
所述的过渡金属前驱体选自过渡金属氢氧化物,过渡金属氧化物或过渡金属盐中的一种或两种以上;所述的过渡金属氢氧化物选自Co(OH)2或Ni(OH)2;所述的过渡金属氧化物选自NiO或CoO;所述的过渡金属盐是NiCl2
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的惰性气氛选自氮气,氩气或氦气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的泡沫类金属载体选自泡沫钴,泡沫铁或泡沫镍,所述的非金属载体选自碳纸或碳布。
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