CN109072646A - Bayonet unit, the vehicle hinge including this bayonet unit and the method using this bayonet unit - Google Patents

Abstract

Bayonet unit (9) for vehicle hinge (1) includes: mounting hole (67), for being mounted on the pivot (7) of hinge；Retainer (71) is configured to engage with the first knuckle (5) for the hinge being mounted on pivot, therefore bayonet unit and the first knuckle are rotatably attached by the retainer；And snap features (73), it is engaged for the second knuckle (3) with hinge.First knuckle and the second knuckle are mounted to pivot on pivot between open orientation and closing orientation around the pivot, the snap features are configured to engage when in open orientation with the second knuckle, so that the second knuckle and bayonet unit rotation be linked together.According to the present invention, the bayonet unit not metal-containing material.

Description

Bayonet unit, the vehicle hinge including this bayonet unit and this buckle of use The method of device

Technical field

The bayonet unit that the present invention relates to a kind of for vehicle hinge, a kind of vehicle hinge including this bayonet unit with A kind of and method using this bayonet unit.

The present invention relates to auto industry fields.

Background technique

When manufacturing motor vehicles, it will usually temporarily provide the body hinge for being mounted on the vehicle to motor vehicles On interim door holder moving part, so as to vehicle body by iron plating, electrophoresis and spray painting when, keep car door it is in an open position.Door holder Moving part be it is interim, then disassembled from vehicle.

More specifically, known motor vehicles hinge includes the knuckle being fastened on vehicle body and the work that is fastened on car door Dynamic knuckle, movable knuckle is pivotally mounted on fixed knuckle via the joint pin of hinge, to allow car door at it It closes between orientation and open orientation and is pivoted on about 70 ° of angular sector.Door holder moving part is arranged to slide on joint pin, Simultaneously around the pin rotational fastener on movable knuckle.Known door holder moving part is typically made from steel, and forms elastic webbing, When movable knuckle is oriented in open position, which can be buckled on fixed knuckle, thus by movable knuckle The open position is maintained at door.Usually setting keeps nut, to keep door holder moving part to translate along joint pin, while still permitting Perhaps door holder moving part around hinge pin pivots.

The major defect of known door holder moving part be need to form it steel to be heat-treated and be surface-treated, so as to The mechanical stress that hinge applies is born, and needs to carry out various processing to vehicle during vehicle manufacture.In addition, repeating to buckle Known door holder moving part is not buckled, causes door holder moving part to wear, this may cause to form particle, that is, is opened and closed every time When hinge, metal charge is formed.Implementing electrophoresis or electro-deposition on vehicle will lead to particle and is deposited on metallic door retainer On surface.These fillers and electrophoretic particles being usually deposited on the body bottom of discussed vehicle must be cleaned, example Such as, by blowing, to continue to manufacture the vehicle.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, the present invention is directed to solve the disadvantages mentioned above of the prior art, the card by proposing the new bayonet unit of one kind Buckle device is particularly easy to manufacture and will not generate particle in use.

The present invention relates to a kind of bayonet unit for vehicle hinge, which includes:

Hole, for bayonet unit to be mounted on to the joint pin of hinge,

Retainer is configured to cooperate with the first knuckle of hinge, and first knuckle is mounted on the hinge On pin, thus bayonet unit is surrounded joint pin together with the first knuckle and rotatably bound by the retainer, and

Component is buckled with the second knuckle of hinge, and first knuckle and the second knuckle surround the joint pin It is installed with being pivoted relative to each other between open orientation and closing orientation via joint pin, the snap features are configured to work as It is buckled when second knuckle is in open orientation with the second knuckle, fixes the second knuckle and card for rotating relative to each other Buckle device,

According to the present invention, bayonet unit is free of metal.

Due to the present invention, the manufacture of bayonet unit is become easier to, because metal is not present, allows to that execution is avoided to add Heat or specific surface treatment, but the especially wear-resisting bayonet unit for generating and there is enough mechanical performances is still resulted in, thus It can reliably be rotated by buckle relative to the first knuckle and fix the second knuckle.In addition, buckle dress according to the present invention Filler will not be generated because of abrasion by setting, because bayonet unit is free of metal, during manufacture or later without cleaning vehicle ?.

Other optional and advantageous features according to the present invention, consider according to all combinations technically allowed:

The bayonet unit is at least partially, preferably at least mainly made of plastics；

The bayonet unit is made entirely of plastic；

The plastics of the bayonet unit are polyamide, preferably PA 4.6；

The bayonet unit is symmetrical relative to the principal plane vertical with the mounting axis limited by mounting hole；

The snap hook includes: cylindrical part, with round base, the round base along be parallel to installation The buckle axis of axis extends, and the cylindrical part extends through the main body of bayonet unit；And channel, by cylindrical portion Divide the edge for being radially connected to main body, the channel has width, should along the straight radiation direction measurement relative to buckle axis Width, the width are less than the diameter of the round base of cylindrical part；

The snap hook includes edge, is extended along cylindrical part and channel；

The snap features include snap hook, and the snap hook limits opening contours and is configured to turn to around second The buckle block of section buckles；

The snap features include hollow space, and the hollow space is configured to snap into the buckle of the second knuckle On head；

The snap features include buckle fork, and the buckle fork is configured to the buckle side more than second knuckle Edge buckle；

The snap features include the buckle column for being parallel to the mounting hole orientation, and the buckle column is configured to buckle In the block button hole in the hollow portion that the second knuckle is set.

The invention further relates to a kind of vehicle hinges, comprising: bayonet unit as described above；First knuckle, preferably Constitute leaf knuckle；Second knuckle, preferably constitutes frame-steering section and joint pin, the first knuckle and second turn It is pivotably mounted relative to each other via the joint pin around joint pin to section.

Preferably, the mounting hole, which has, is assembled into the diameter that can be installed tightly on joint pin.

The invention further relates to a kind of methods using bayonet unit.According to the present invention, bayonet unit is as described above, this method Including following consecutive steps:

A) it is rotatably bound by the way that bayonet unit to be surrounded to joint pin together with the first knuckle via retainer, works as manufacture When vehicle, bayonet unit is installed on the joint pin of vehicle hinge；

B) make the second knuckle of snap features and hinge buckle, for rotate relative to each other fix the second knuckle and Bayonet unit；

C) at least one step of vehicle manufacture is executed, one layer of paint is especially applied, and

D) before vehicle manufacture terminates, bayonet unit is dismantled from joint pin.

Optionally and advantageously, hinge includes pe pinanent assemblies, and the pe pinanent assemblies include the first knuckle, the second steering Section, joint pin and ring, one of knuckle are mounted on joint pin via the ring, the bayonet unit relative to by pacifying The vertical principal plane of the mounting axis that dress hole limits is symmetrical；And the bayonet unit can connect on joint pin, no matter institute Stating pe pinanent assemblies is left hinge component or relative to the symmetrical right hinge component of left hinge component.

Detailed description of the invention

By reading only being provided as non-limiting example and being described below with reference to what attached drawing carried out, it is better understood with The present invention, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the decomposition perspective view of the vehicle hinge of the bayonet unit equipped with first embodiment according to the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the top view of the hinge of Fig. 1, is shown as assembling and in open orientation；

Fig. 3 is along the side view of the arrow III of the hinge of Fig. 2, and arrow II shows the orientation of the view of Fig. 2；

Fig. 4 is analogous to the view of Fig. 3, wherein shows the vehicle hinge in open orientation；

Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 is the view similar to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 of the vehicle hinge of second embodiment according to the present invention respectively, Visible arrow VI shows the orientation of the view of Fig. 6 in Fig. 7, and visible arrow VII shows the side of the view of Fig. 7 in Fig. 6 Position；

Fig. 9 to 12 is the view similar to Fig. 1 to 4 of the vehicle hinge of third embodiment according to the present invention respectively, figure Visible arrow X shows the orientation of the view of Figure 10 in 11, and visible arrow XI shows the side of the view of Figure 11 in Figure 10 Position；

Figure 13 to 16 is the view similar to Fig. 1 to 4 of the vehicle hinge of fourth embodiment according to the present invention respectively, figure Visible arrow XIV shows the orientation of the view of Figure 14 in 15, and visible arrow XV shows the orientation of Figure 15 in Figure 14；

Figure 17 to 20 is the view similar to Fig. 1 to 4 of the vehicle hinge of fifth embodiment according to the present invention respectively, figure Visible arrow XVIII shows the orientation of the view of Figure 18 in 19, and visible arrow XIX shows the view of Figure 19 in Figure 18 Orientation；

Figure 21 to 24 is the view similar to Fig. 1 to 4 of the vehicle hinge of sixth embodiment according to the present invention respectively, figure Visible arrow XXII shows the orientation of the view of Figure 22 in 23, and visible arrow XXIII shows the view of Figure 23 in Figure 22 The orientation of figure；And

Figure 25 is the perspective view of interim joint pin.

Specific embodiment

Hinge shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 is usually indicated with appended drawing reference 1.Hinge 1 include frame-steering section 3, leaf knuckle 5, Joint pin 7 and bayonet unit 9.Leaf knuckle 5 corresponds to the first knuckle, and frame-steering section 3 corresponds to the second knuckle.

Hinge 1 is designed to equipment motor vehicle, for example, automobile or multi-function vehicle.Hinge 1 stand good in equip other The vehicle of type, as long as these vehicles are equipped at least one revolving door.Hinge 1 is constituted with vehicle body for vehicle swing door Connecting element, the swing door are passenger doors or tail-gate type.

In current situations, frame-steering section 3 is designed to via in the support plate 13 that frame-steering section 3 is arranged in Fastener hole 11 is fixed on vehicle body.Therefore, frame-steering section 3 constitutes the fixed part relative to vehicle body.

Frame-steering section 3 further includes Liang Ge branch 15 and 17, and branch 15 and 17 is parallel to each other and limit with by support plate 13 It is risen in the vertical plane of fixed plane from support plate 13.Frame-steering section 3 further includes check plate 19, and the check plate 19 is by branch 15 and 17 and support plate 13 be connected to each other, while perpendicular to extending in the plane of branch 15 and 17 and support plate 13.

Coaxial pivot apertures 21 and 23 are each passed through the end setting of branch 15 and 16.The pivot hole 21 and 23 limits hinge 1 pivot axis X1.During the normal use of vehicle and its during manufacture, axis X 1 preferably with respect to ground vertically or almost Vertically.

Frame-steering section 3 is constituted preferably relative to the mid-plane extended between branch 15 and 17 perpendicular to axis X 1 Symmetrical a part.

Joint pin 7 is installed by the hole 21 and 23 of frame-steering section 3, so as to coaxial with axis X 1.Pin 7 includes shoulder 25, Shoulder 25 is resisted against in the branch 17 opposite with bridge 15, to constitute axial direction of the pin 7 along axis X 1 relative to the knuckle of vehicle frame 3 Retainer, as shown in Figure 2.

Especially as shown in Figure 1, leaf knuckle 5 includes central part 27 or core and two sides 29 and 31 or the wing Portion, side 29 and 31 extends in shared plane, and central part 27 is in the independent plane for the plane for being parallel to side 29 and 31 Middle extension.Leaf knuckle 5 further includes two fastener holes 33, the two fastener holes 33 are each passed through the setting of side 29 and 31, and leaf turns It can be fixed on car door via the two fastener holes to section 5.

Leaf knuckle 5 includes supporting leg 35 and 37, and central part 27 is connected to lateral parts 29 by supporting leg 35, and leg 37 is by center Part 27 is connected to lateral parts 31.Supporting leg 35 and 37 is parallel to each other and be total to perpendicular to what is limited by lateral part 29 and 31 It enjoys in the plane of plane and extending.Therefore, central part 27 and supporting leg 35 and 37 form the U-shaped part of leaf knuckle 5.

Especially as shown in Fig. 2, leaf knuckle 5 further include the rib 39 of the intersection of centrally disposed part 27 and supporting leg 35 with And the rib 41 of the intersection of centrally disposed part 27 and leg 37.Therefore rib 39 and 41 facilitates the rigidity of leaf knuckle 5.

Leaf knuckle 5 includes the pivot hole 43 across supporting leg 35 and the pivot hole 45 across supporting leg 37.Hole 43 and 45 is (special Be not visible in Fig. 1) be it is coaxial, allow leaf knuckle 5 via pivot hole 43 and 45 relative to frame-steering section 3 It is pivotally mounted, as shown in Figures 2 to 4.

In the current situation, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, leaf knuckle 5 is pivoted on pin around axis X 1 via ring 47 and 49 On 7.Ring 47 slides on the pin 7 between branch 15 and 17.The neck 51 of ring 47 axially against in branch 15 towards branch 17 On the inner surface 55 of orientation.Ring 49 is mounted between branch 15 and 17 and sliding on pin 7.As shown in Fig. 2, the neck of ring 49 Axially against on the inner surface 57 of branch 17, inner surface 57 is oriented towards branch 15 in portion 53.In addition, ring 47 and 49 respectively includes Axial component 59 and 61, that is, sleeve, ring 47 and 49 are mounted on pin 7 via sleeve.Axial component 59 and 61 is respectively from neck 51 It is extended towards one another with 53.As shown in Fig. 2, the pivot hole 43 and 45 of knuckle 5 is separately mounted to the axial component of ring 47 and 49 On 59 and 61, so that leaf knuckle 5 pivots on pin 7 around axis X 1.The supporting leg 35 and 37 of leaf knuckle 5 branch 15 and 17 it Between extend, neck 51 is inserted between branch 15 and supporting leg 35, and neck 53 is inserted between branch 17 and supporting leg 37.

Therefore, leaf knuckle 5 is pivotally mounted on frame-steering section 3 by pin 7, and the knuckle 5 can be in Fig. 4 institute It is moved between the open orientation shown and closing orientation, in open orientation, the protuberance 63 of the adjacent check plate 19 of central part 27 is being closed Orientation is closed, leaf knuckle 5 is pivoted relative to frame-steering section 3 around axis X 1, so that part 27 moves away protuberance 63.It is opening E.g., about 70 ° of angular deviation between orientation and closing orientation.The open orientation of hinge 1 corresponds to the open orientation of car door, Wherein, door is separated with main part, to allow people or object to be introduced into main body via the access portal of the main body.Hinge 1 Closing orientation correspond to car door closing orientation, wherein car door folds in main body, to close the access portal of main body.

Frame-steering section 3, leaf knuckle 5, joint pin 7 and ring 47 and 49 are made preferably of metal, and in vehicle At the end of manufacture, " permanent " component is formed on vehicle.

Bayonet unit 9 constitutes a part being connected in the above-mentioned pe pinanent assemblies of hinge 1.Device 9 is intended to only in vehicle system It is connected on component during making, so that hinge 1 and door are temporarily retained in its open orientation.During or after vehicle manufacture, Bayonet unit 9 and the Vehicles separation discussed.Device 9 is next optionally for another vehicle manufactured.

Bayonet unit 9 includes the main body 65 extended along the principal plane P9 of device 9, visible in fig. 2.

Bayonet unit 9 includes mounting hole 67, and mounting hole 67 passes through main body along the mounting axis X67 perpendicular to principal plane P9 65.In other words, hole 67 and mounting axis X67 are coaxial.Mounting hole 67 is configured to slide on the end of pin 7 69, end 69 from 1 extension along axis X of shoulder 25, to extend through branch 17 along the direction opposite with branch 15.The diameter of mounting hole 67 It is assembled on the end 69 that can be closely installed at joint pin 7.Therefore, bayonet unit 9 can be via hole 67 in end 69 On 1 slide axially along axis X, to be axially retained due to the holes for clamping 67 on pin 7 by adhering to come along axis X 1.When In this way mounting device 9 when, principal plane P9 is perpendicular to axis X 1.Due to the assembly property of the diameter of mounting hole 67, bayonet unit 9 can To be advantageously mounted inside on pin 7, without nut.Therefore, any risk for loosening maintenance nut is avoided.

Preferably, during the normal use of vehicle, end 69 is downwardly oriented, to be projected into 1 lower section of hinge.As a result, End 69 is located at except the visual field of vehicle driver, therefore is diverted section 3 and 5 and hides.In this case, 9 quilt of bayonet unit It is placed on the bottom of hinge 1.However, the functional independence of hinge 1 is in the orientation of end 69.Particularly, end 69 can determine upwards To.

Bayonet unit 9 further includes stop surfaces 71, as it can be seen that stop surfaces 71 are arranged on the edge of main body 65 in Fig. 1 And extend in the plane perpendicular to plane P9, while parallel and distant from axis X 1.Retainer 71 is configured to flatly support It leans against on the side 31 of leaf knuckle 5, so that retainer 71 and knuckle 5 cooperate, rotatably to bind card around axis X 1 Buckle device 9 and knuckle 5.As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, when knuckle 5 becomes closing orientation from open orientation, bayonet unit 9 is retouched The same movement around axis X 1 is stated.

In addition, bayonet unit 9 is included in visible snap hook 73 in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Snap hook 73 has opening wheel Exterior feature, and be oppositely disposed from the edge of main body 65 relative to hole 67 and retainer 71.Hook 73 includes the circle with round base Cylindrical section 75, the round base extend through main body 65 along the buckle axis X 73 for being parallel to axis X 1.Snap hook 73 also wraps Channel 77 is included, which is radially connected to cylindrical part 75 at the edge of main body 65, which has width L77, edge Measure the width relative to the straight radiation direction of axis X 73, which is less than the diameter of the round base of cylindrical part 75. Snap hook 73 further includes edge 79, and edge 79 extends along cylindrical part 75 and channel 77, specific as shown in figures 1 and 3.Side Either side of the edge 79 in main body 65, the either side in plane P9 are prominent.

Snap hook 73 is configured to be buckled in around buckle block 81 via the hole 83 for passing through the branch 17 setting, buckles block 81 are fastened in the branch 17 of frame-steering section 3.Particularly, block 81 is prominent from the outer surface of branch 17 58, outer surface 58 with it is interior Surface 57 is opposite and parallel.Buckling block 81 includes support base 85 and buckle head 87, and support base 85 is handed over by nested and crimping Fork ground is fixed in hole 83, and buckle head 87 is with the cylindrical with round base, and the round base is along being parallel to axis The axis X 81 of X1 extends, while prominent from face 58.The diameter of buckle head 87 corresponds to the straight of the cylindrical part 75 of snap hook 73 Diameter, but it is slightly less than the diameter.Separate the centre distance of axis X81 and axis X 1 and separate the center of axis X73 and axis X 1 away from From identical.Therefore, as shown in figure 4, being rotated to around axis X 1 from direction of closure when knuckle 5 is arranged with respect to knuckle 3 When open orientation, buckle head 87 passes through channel 77 by the mutual flexible deformation in block 81 and channel 77, until being contained in buckle In the cylindrical part 75 of hook 73.In this configuration of Fig. 4, snap hook 73 and block 81 are buckled around the head 87 of block 81, that is, Block 81 is maintained in snap hook by channel 77.By applying sufficiently high torque on bayonet unit 9 relative to knuckle 3, Snap hook 73 can be disengaged from block 81, so that when hinge 1 is pivoted to from open orientation and closes orientation, block 81 being capable of edge again Other direction passes through channel 77.Therefore, snap hook 73 constitutes snap features, which is configured to open when hinge is in It is buckled when orientation with knuckle 3.When snap hook 73 and block 81 buckle, bayonet unit 9 and frame-steering section 3 surround 1 phase of axis X For fastening mutually rotating.Therefore, leaf knuckle 5 is rotated also relative to frame-steering section 3 and is fixed, so that buckling in open orientation Car door.

Since device 9 is along the Direction distortion for being parallel to plane P9, so the device 9 of Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 is buckled.

Bayonet unit 9 is symmetrical preferably relative to principal plane P9, so as to be mounted on the hinge set of two kinds of symmetry class On part.In the current situation, bayonet unit 9 be may be mounted on left hinge component or be mounted on right hinge component.Not In the case where the shape for changing device 9, this installation is carried out unimportantly on left or right component.In fact, due to device 9 Symmetric shape, which is adapted to mount on right component or left set part, without modification.This allows in not wear device 9 In the case of device 9 is continuously mounted on right component, then, be mounted on left set part, then, be optionally mounted at other the right side And/or on left set part.The pe pinanent assemblies of the hinge 1 of Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 are left side components, especially left for equipping in driver side The component at front door.Right hinge component (not shown) with the symmetrical component of the component of left hinge component by forming.Alternatively, it buckles Device 9 is at least partly symmetrical relative to symmetrical plane P9: at least snap hook 73, hole 67 and stop surfaces 71 are relative to the plane P9 is symmetrical.The symmetry of bayonet unit 9 makes it easier to manufacture, especially by molding or other similar technique.

Different from the metal assembly of hinge 1, bayonet unit 9 and buckle block 81 are free of metal." being free of metal " is especially meaned Device 9 it is not made of metal, abrasion when will not generate made of another material of filler.

Preferably, bayonet unit 9 partly, is preferably mainly made of plastics." being mainly made of plastics " mean by Main function components to fretting wear are made of this material, especially snap hook 73 and pilot hole 67.Main body 65 and stop Then part 71 is optionally made of the material other than plastics.Therefore, any abrasion of bayonet unit 9 and block 81 will not all generate gold Belong to bits.In addition, plastic material is subjected to the various operations carried out on vehicle in vehicle manufacturing process, especially on painting line, In baking and electrophoresis process.Preferably, bayonet unit 9 is made entirely of plastic, for example, by by plastic injection to mold In.Alternatively, buckle block 81 is made of metal.

Preferably, above-mentioned plastics are polyamide, preferably PA4.6.This plastics are strictly wear-resisting, and on vehicle The above-mentioned processing carried out is compatible.

Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 shows the hinge 101 of second embodiment according to the present invention.Hinge 101 includes the portion with hinge 1 The similar component of part, but these components are indicated with the appended drawing reference for increasing 100.The hinge 101 of Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 includes vehicle frame Knuckle 103, leaf knuckle 105, ring 147, ring 149, joint pin 107 and buckle block 181, these components with for Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 The component of the embodiment description of hinge 1 is identical and installs in an identical manner.

Hinge 101 further includes metal-free bayonet unit 109, and function is identical as bayonet unit 9, but its structure exists Some aspects are different.Preferably, device 109 at least partly or is even at least mainly made of plastics.Preferably, device 109 are made entirely of plastic.

Bayonet unit 109 includes the stop surfaces 171 similar to above-mentioned stop surfaces 71.

Bayonet unit 109 includes mounting hole 167 of the bayonet unit 109 on joint pin 107, especially in joint pin 107 End 169 on.Hole 167 includes four snap recesses 189 and four elastic fins 191 separated by snap recesses 189.Each Elastic fin 191 extends from the main body 165 of device 9, and mounting hole 167 is arranged across the main body 165.When device 109 is mounted on institute When stating on pin 107, fin 191 and recess 189 are distributed around axis X 167, axis X 167 limited by hole 167 and with pin 107 Axis X 101 is coaxial.When device 109 is mounted on pin 107, recess 189 and elastic fin 191 with frame-steering section 103 Opposite side of branch 117 upwardly extends.When device 109 is mounted on pin 107, elastic fin 191 is designed to using elasticity Deformation configuration, so that each fin applies the radial force towards axis X 167, and therefore by adherency along axis X 101 by device 109 are axially retained on pin 107.Fin 191 is then axial to be buckled on pin 107.

Alternatively, the quantity of fin 191 and recess 189 is different from four, and device 109 includes at least two fins 191 With two recesses 189.

Two ribs 190 are respectively relative to axis X 101 and radially connect two fins 191 with main body 165.

Device 109 includes that hollow space 173 is in the current situation the through-hole being closed on the periphery thereof, such as void in Fig. 6 Shown in line.Hollow space 173 is configured to snap into the cheese buckle head 187 of block 181.Particularly, hollow space 173 is set It sets in the hollow space in the surface of main body 165 192, principal plane P109 and fin of the surface 192 relative to device 109 191 is opposite.Hollow space 173 limits the buckle axis X 173 for being parallel to axis X 167.Axis X 173 together will with axis X 167 Centre distance name-value is defined as the centre distance for separating the axis X 181 of axis X 101 and block 181.Hollow space 173 is set It counts into and is buckled by the elastic bending of main body 165 far from block 181, so that hollow space 173 is in the open orientation of hinge 101 Cover block 181.In order to make the starting bending of main body 165 under the action of block 181, the phase is rotated towards its open orientation in device 109 Between, device 109 includes starting lug 193, and the starting lug 193 is along the straight radiation direction relative to axis X 167 from hollow portion Divide 173 to extend main bodys 165, while being tilted relative to plane P109.During device 109 rotates, block 181 and lug 193 are slided Contact, so that curved body 165 allows block 181 to be bonded on hollow portion so that hollow space 173 is located at the outside of plane P109 Divide in 173.Therefore hollow space 173, main body 165 and lug 193 form the snap features of device 109, be functionally similar to fill Set the function of 9 snap hook 73.

In this embodiment of Fig. 5 to Fig. 8, bayonet unit 109 is carried out along the secant direction relative to plane P109 Deformation, to allow to buckle the bayonet unit.

Fig. 9 to Figure 12 shows the hinge 201 of third embodiment according to the present invention.Hinge 201 includes the component of hinge 1 Similar component, but these components are indicated with the appended drawing reference for increasing 200.The hinge 201 of Fig. 9 to Figure 12 turns including vehicle frame To section 203, leaf knuckle 205, ring 247, ring 249, joint pin 207 and buckle block 281, these components and the hinge for being Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 The component of the embodiment description of chain 1 is identical and installs in an identical manner.Vehicle frame 230 and 205 knuckle of leaf define pivot Axis X 201, snap pin 281 define axis X 281.

Hinge 201 further includes metal-free bayonet unit 209, and function is identical as above-mentioned bayonet unit 9 and 109, but It is that its structure is different in some aspects.Preferably, device 209 at least partly or is even at least mainly made of plastics. Preferably, device 209 is made entirely of plastic.

Bayonet unit 209 includes the stop surfaces 271 similar with above-mentioned stop surfaces 71 and 171.

Bayonet unit 209 includes snap hook 273, and snap hook 273 limits opening contours and is similar to the buckle of above-mentioned apparatus 9 Hook 73.However, hook 273 does not have edge 79.Snap hook 273 limits axis X 273.

Bayonet unit 209 includes the mounting hole 267 similar with the mounting hole 167 of device 109 of Fig. 5 to Fig. 9, has elasticity Buckle fin 291, snap recesses 289 and ribs 290.Mounting hole 267 defines mounting axis X267.

Figure 13 to Figure 16 shows the hinge 301 of fourth embodiment according to the present invention.Hinge 301 includes and hinge 1 The similar component of component, but these components are indicated with the appended drawing reference for increasing 300.The hinge 301 of Figure 13 to 16 includes vehicle Frame knuckle 303, leaf knuckle 305, ring 347, ring 349 and joint pin 307, these components and the hinge 1 for Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 The component of embodiment description is identical and installs in an identical manner.

Hinge 301 further includes metal-free bayonet unit 309, function and above-mentioned bayonet unit 9,109 and 209 phases Together, but its structure is different in some aspects.Preferably, device 309 is at least partly or even at least mainly by plastics It is made.Preferably, device 309 is made entirely of plastic.

Bayonet unit 309 includes the stop surfaces 371 similar to above-mentioned stop surfaces 71.

Bayonet unit 309 includes the mounting hole 367 similar with the mounting hole 167 of device 109 of Fig. 5 to Fig. 9, including elasticity Fin 391, snap recesses 389 are buckled, and restriction is perpendicular to the mounting axis of the extension plane P309 of the main body 365 of device 309 X367.Similar to a ribs 190 of device 109, single ribs 390 is provided for device 309.

Bayonet unit 309 includes buckle fork 373, and buckle fork 373 is from the edge of main body 365 along being parallel to axis X 367 simultaneously The direction opposite with fin 391 is prominent.Fork 373 is relative to axis X 367 and the opposite extension of stop surfaces 371.Fork 373 includes hanging down Directly in plane P309 and relative to the orthoradial holding surface 394 of axis X 367 and with keep surface 394 opposite and relative to Keep surface and relative to the inclined starting surface 393 plane P309.As shown in figure 15, when device 309 from its direction of closure to When its open orientation pivots, start 317 sliding contact of branch on surface 393 and knuckle 303, to make separate point of main body 365 Branch 317 is resiliently bent.Branch 317 limits snap beads 395, and snap beads 395 form the edge of branch 317, which exists Extend in the plane limited by the check plate 319 of knuckle 303.When device 309 reaches its open orientation, surface 394 is kept Across snap beads 395, so that main body 365 is by being elastically returned to its original shape, and keep surface 394 at edge 394 Upper formation retainer, anti-locking apparatus 309 and therefore knuckle 305 pivots in opposite direction.Therefore, device 309 is via including The snap features of fork 373 are buckled on knuckle 303.As a result, hinge 301 is advantageously without any buckle block 81.

Device 309 optionally include from be parallel to fork 373 and across fork 373 the reversed retainer outstanding of main body 365 396.Reversed retainer 396 is configured to when pitching 373 and buckling with edge 395, adjacent branch 317 it is opposite with edge 395 Edge 395 is crossed at edge 397.When bayonet unit 309 buckles, between the insertion fork of branch 317 373 and retainer 396.

Figure 17 to 20 shows the hinge 401 of fifth embodiment according to the present invention.Hinge 401 include and component hinge 1 similar component, but these components are indicated with the appended drawing reference for increasing 400.The hinge 401 of Figure 17 to 20 turns including vehicle frame To section 403, leaf knuckle 405, ring 447, ring 449 and joint pin 407, the implementation of these components and the hinge 1 for Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 The component of example description is identical and installs in an identical manner.

Hinge 401 further includes metal-free bayonet unit 409, function and above-mentioned bayonet unit 9,109,209 and 309 It is identical, but its structure is different in some aspects.Preferably, device 409 is at least partly or even at least mainly by moulding Material is made.Preferably, device 409 is made entirely of plastic.

Bayonet unit 409 includes the stop surfaces 471 similar to above-mentioned stop surfaces 71.

Bayonet unit 409 includes the mounting hole 467 similar with the mounting hole 167 of device 109 of Fig. 5 to 9, including elastic card Fin 491, snap recesses 489 are detained, and restriction is perpendicular to the mounting axis of the extension plane P409 of the main body 465 of device 409 X467.Similar to a ribs 190 of device 109, single ribs 490 is provided for device 409.

Device 409 further include buckle column 473, the visible buckle column 473 especially in Figure 18, the buckle column relative to It is prominent from main body 465 along the axis X 473 for being parallel to axis X 467 on face plane P409 opposite with fin 491.Stud 473 It is oppositely arranged relative to axis X 467 and stop surfaces 471.Stud 473 is configured to snap into block button hole 483, block button hole 483 are arranged in the hollow space in the branch 417 of knuckle 403.Block button hole 483 corresponds to be described for the hinge 1 of Fig. 1 to 4 Hole 83, and it is coaxial with the axis X of knuckle 403 481.Axis X 481 is parallel to pivot axis X401, pivot axis X401 It is limited again by supporting pin 407 and across the pivot axis 423 of branch 417.The centre distance for separating axis X473 and X467 has Value identical with the centre distance of axis X401 and X481 is separated, so that when bayonet unit 409 is pivoted to opening from direction of closure When orientation, stud 473 is configured to snap into hole 483.Particularly, in the pivoting process, 465 elastic bending of main body makes Stud 473 is resisted against on the surface 458 of branch 417 and slides.When reaching open orientation, stud 473 passes through the bullet of main body 465 Property be buckled in hole 483, main body 465 restore its original shape.Buckle therefore snap features that column 473 forms device 409.Scheming In 17 to 20 this embodiment, hinge 401 is advantageously without any piece 81.

Figure 21 to 24 shows the hinge 501 of sixth embodiment according to the present invention.Hinge 501 includes the portion with hinge 1 The similar component of part, but these components are indicated with the appended drawing reference for increasing 500.The hinge 501 of Figure 21 to 24 includes vehicle frame Knuckle 503, leaf knuckle 505, ring 547, ring 549 and joint pin 507, the reality of these components and the hinge 1 for Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 Its corresponding part for applying example description is identical and install in an identical manner.

In the current situation, knuckle 503 includes support plate 513 and branch 515 and 517 parallel to each other, the support Plate 513 only includes a fastener hole 511, and pivot hole 21 and pivot hole 23 are arranged to through branch 515 and 517 and pivot axis X501 is coaxial.

Knuckle 505 includes central plate 527, and two fastener holes 533 are arranged through the central plate.Knuckle 505 also wraps Two supporting legs 535 and 537 that are parallel to each other and connecting by plate 527 are included, perpendicular to supporting leg 535 and 537.Coaxial pivot apertures 543 It is respectively set to 545 across supporting leg 535 and 537.

Knuckle 505 is pivotally mounted on knuckle 503 via ring 547 and 549, and ring 547 and 549 is sliding on pin 507 It is dynamic.As shown in figure 22, ring 547 passes through hole 543, and ring 549 passes through hole 545.Pin 507 is supported by hole 521 and 523.

Hinge 501 further includes metal-free bayonet unit 509, function and above-mentioned bayonet unit 9,109,209,309 It is identical with 409, but its structure is different in some aspects.Preferably, device 509 is at least partly or even at least mainly It is made of plastics.Preferably, device 509 is made entirely of plastic.

Bayonet unit 509 includes the main body 565 extended along symmetrical plane P509, and bayonet unit 509 is relative to main body 565 Symmetrically.

Mounting hole 567 of the device 509 on pin 507 is arranged across main body 565.When device 509 is mounted on pin 507, Mounting hole defines mounting axis X567 perpendicular to plane P509 and coaxial with pivot axis X501.Mounting hole 567 has dress It is made into the diameter that can be installed tightly on joint pin 507.

Device 509 includes edge 598, and either side of the edge 598 in plane P509 is prominent from main body 565, along main body 565 The outer profile around axis X 567 a part.As shown in Figure 21,23 and 24, stop surfaces 571 are formed along edge 598, Stop surfaces 571 are towards axis X 567.It should be appreciated that foring sightless another pair in figure on the other side of plane P509 Claim stop surfaces 571.Sightless stop surfaces have mutual with the edge 599 in the branch 517 for being formed in frame-steering section 503 The shape of benefit.Sightless stop surfaces are configured to cooperate with knuckle 503, thus by bayonet unit 509 and knuckle 503 Together around the rotation binding of joint pin 507.It is as shown in figs. 23 and 24, different from the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 20 for the embodiment, Therefore device 509 is rotated with frame-steering section 503 rather than with leaf knuckle 505 and is bound.

In addition, bayonet unit 509 is included in visible snap hook 573 in Figure 21,23 and 24.Hook 573 includes having circle The cylindrical part 575 of pedestal, the round base extend through main body along the buckle axis X 573 for being parallel to axis X 501 565.Snap hook 573 further includes channel 577, which is radially connected to cylindrical part 575 at the edge of main body 565.Card Clasp 573 be configured to around snap pin 581 buckle, snap pin 581 be fastened on the supporting leg 537 of leaf knuckle 505 rather than On frame-steering section.In the current situation, pin 581 is fastened via the hole 583 for passing through the supporting leg 537 setting.Snap pin 581 has Buckle head 587, buckle head 587 is with cylinder shape, and round base extends along the axis X 581 for being parallel to axis X 501.Card The diameter of discount 587 corresponds to the diameter of the cylindrical part 575 of snap hook 573, but is slightly less than the diameter.Separate axis X581 It is identical as the centre distance for separating axis X573 and axis X 501 with the centre distance of axis X 501.As a result, as shown in figure 24, when When knuckle 505 surrounds axis X 1 from closing orientation rotation to open orientation relative to knuckle 503, buckle head 587 passes through block 581 and channel 577 mutual flexible deformation and pass through channel 577, until in the cylindrical part 575 for being contained in snap hook 73. In this configuration of Figure 24, snap hook 573 and block 581 are buckled in around the head 587 of block 581, that is, block 581 passes through channel 577 are maintained in snap hook 573.By applying sufficiently high torque, snap hook on knuckle 505 relative to knuckle 503 573 can disengage from block 581, so that block 581 can exist again during hinge 501 is pivoted to closing orientation from open orientation Another party is upward through channel 577.Therefore, snap hook 573 constitutes snap features, which is configured to be in when hinge It is buckled when open orientation with knuckle 503.When snap hook 573 and block 581 buckle, bayonet unit 509 and knuckle 505 are opposite In each other around 501 rotational fastener of axis X, therefore, also relative to 503 rotational fastener of knuckle.Therefore, car door is in open orientation Buckle.

Ordinarily, it can be appreciated that the first knuckle in the retainer of bayonet unit and two knuckles of hinge cooperates, and Snap features are configured to buckle with the second knuckle.

In general, according to an aspect of the present invention, mounting hole is equipped with elastic fin, hinge is axially buckled in for bayonet unit On chain pin.

In general, using bayonet unit as follows.When manufacturing vehicle, by the way that bayonet unit and first are turned to via retainer Section is rotatably bound around joint pin, and bayonet unit is initially mounted on the joint pin of vehicle hinge.Next, snap features It is buckled with the second knuckle of hinge, rotatably to fasten the second knuckle and bayonet unit relative to each other, thus opening Car door is fixed in orientation.Then, one or several manufacturing steps of vehicle are executed, for example, laying a coat of paint, electrophoresis or drying.Most Afterwards, before vehicle manufacture terminates, bayonet unit is disassembled from joint pin, so that in the case where no bayonet unit Use finished product vehicle.

The open orientation of above-mentioned hinge advantageously corresponds to the hinge of vehicle and the maximum open orientation of associated gate.

Advantageously, the implementation of interim joint pin 607 is additionally provided, as shown in figure 25.The pin 607 can be with Fig. 1 A hinge to 24 is associated, to replace pin 7,107,207,307,407 or 507.

Pin 607 be arranged to be formed together with an above-mentioned hinge for vehicle can deflection hinge component.It is described can deflection Hinge component includes a mentioned hinge, including two knuckle, and the knuckle is arranged to via the so-called permanent of hinge Joint pin 7,107,207,307,407 or 507 is pivoted relative to each other installation around pivot axis.Install permanent joint pin it Before, two knuckles can be pivotally mounted around pivot axis relative to each other by interim joint pin 607.In the current situation, Interim joint pin 607 is configured to remove from two knuckles, knuckle is discharged each other, to install permanent joint pin.

Pin 607 can be used for all mentioned hinges.We will consider the case where being used for hinge 501 of Figure 21 to 24.

During vehicle manufacture, aforementioned interim joint pin 607 and bayonet unit 509 are realized.

Hinge 501 and interim pivot 607 constitute dismountable hinge component, that is, can not be hinged.In fact, knuckle 503 With 505 can be by interim joint pin 607 rather than permanent joint pin 507 pivots around pivot axis X501 pacify relative to each other Dress.The pin 607 can be extracted and dismantling or destroying, that is, remove from knuckle 503 and 505, it is " removable that this assigns hinge 501 Unload " property.Pin 607 to be extracted, knuckle 503 and 505 is caused to unclamp or separate each other, that is, hinge 501 is in disassembly status, Knuckle 503 and 505 is no longer pivotally bound.Next permanent joint pin 507 may be mounted on knuckle 503 and 505, with Reinstall hinge 501.Preferably, once installation, pin 507 can not remove from knuckle 503 and 505, or be difficult to from turn It is removed to section 503 and 505.Under the preferable case, pin 507 it is permanently mounted so that hinge is non-dismountable, that is, cut with scissors It connects.However, it is possible to use the pin 507 that can be dismantled from knuckle 503 and 505, " permanent " property is reflected in vehicle manufacture At the end of, during at least part of vehicle ages, preferably in the their entire life of vehicle, pin 507 is for being maintained at Appropriate location in hinge 501.According to the option, hinge 501 keeps detachably, being only used for the attended operation of vehicle.

The manufacture of motor vehicles is carried out using multi-step process.Firstly, for vehicle relative to the door and main body discussed Part, people provide (that is, for example, people manufacture or purchase) main body, door and above-mentioned hinge component at least some elements, That is, at least knuckle 503 and knuckle 505.Next, while executing following sub-step, to be best suited for the suitable of application Sequence carries out the first interim assembling of door in main body: knuckle 505 being mounted in main body, knuckle 503 is mounted on door On, and be pivotally mounted on knuckle 503 and knuckle 505 around axis X 501 relative to each other via interim joint pin 607. Device 509 is placed on pin 607 by people, rather than on pin 507, to allow according to the blocking of one or more predetermined positions or rope Draw the relative bearing of knuckle 503 and 505.This depends on the manufacturing step then executed on vehicle.Preferably, hinge 501 It is arranged to a kind of configuration, wherein knuckle 503 and 505 is equipped with interim pin 607, and is optionally equipped with device 509, this It avoids and executes the assembling on the manufacture chain of vehicle.

Next, the manufacturing step of vehicle is executed, for example, coating one layer of paint, electrophoresis etc..

Once performing these steps, people are just interim to dismantle door, including is temporarily torn open by removing interim joint pin 607 Unload dismountable hinge component.

Interim disassembly door, can bring the different location of main body into, carry out additional manufacturing step, for example, finishing.Equally, Main body can carry out additional manufacturing step parallel, especially trim.

Once the step of performing below, so that it may door is permanently mounted on vehicle body, including reinstalled dismountable Hinge component.For this purpose, knuckle 503 and 505 by above-mentioned permanent joint pin 507 it is permanently mounted, around the pivot line X501 relative to Pivotally.

With unshowned optional way, device 509 can be temporarily installed on hinge 501 again in this stage, so as to The direction of door is kept or indexed on one or several predetermined directions, consequently facilitating the final step of manufacture vehicle.

Once vehicle is completed, hinge 501 includes its permanent pin 507, and does not have pin 607 and device 509.

It, can be with if vehicle includes several doors, and/or if each is mounted on vehicle body using several hinges 501 Similar manufacturing step is executed parallel.

As shown in figure 25, interim pin 607 includes two axial ends 609 and 611 for limiting the main shaft X607 of pin 607.It removes Non- to be otherwise noted, " axial direction " refers to the axial direction relative to axis X 607, and " radial direction " refers to the radial direction relative to axis X 607.

When interim pin 607 is mounted on hinge 501, axis X 607 and X501 almost coaxial.

Preferably, pin 607 usually has the shape rotated around axis X 607.Preferably, only certain parts of pin 607 Without rotated shape, for example, in this example, the part extended from end 611, as described below.

Pin 607 includes: end head 613 from being formed in end 609 from end 609 to end 611, by 613 shape of head At grasping section 615, for fastening buckle device 509 section 617, formed by section 615 section 617, for the branch of pivot hole 523 Support section 619, the section 619 formed by section 617, the section 621 pivoted for supporting hole 545, include more specifically ring 549, by 619 shape of section At section 621, the rod segment 623 that is formed by section 621 and the elastic component 625 for being formed in end 611.

According to application, one or several in these sections can be omitted or be replaced by another section.One can also be added Or multiple sections.Unless expressly stated otherwise in the present specification, all sections are preferably secured, do not have movement to be formed The fixation kit of component.

Pin 607 includes the end 610 extended from end 609, and end 610 is used for different tools and/or manual operation Pin 607, to allow its assembly and disassembly.The end 610 includes head 613 and section 619.

Head 613 and axis X 607 are coaxial, and extend in the plane perpendicular to axis X 607.Preferably, head 613 is Plate-like.In this example, a face 612 on head 613 is cheese in the side opposite with end 611.Preferably, head Portion 613 is suitable for receiving the axial compressive force that operator applies manually or using tool, to allow pin 607 during interim installation door Or it is bonded in hole 521,523,543 and 545 before.For the same purpose, head 613 can be adapted to receive using strike The axial impact that tool (for example, mallet etc.) applies.Regardless of its form, head 613 radially has axis X 607 The full-size of pin 607.

Section 619 forms shoulder under the head coaxial with axis X 607.Section 619 is configured to the either side hand in this section 619 Or grasped with clamp tool (not shown), the jaw of clamp tool radially grasps section 619.With hand or especially use Tool grasper It holds, allows to by pulling pin 607 until executing aforementioned pin 607 from the removal of hole 521,523,545 and 547 pin 607 Extraction step.The tool types of section 619 are grasped, based on grasping mode, with hand or according to wishing to select the diameter of section 619 To the shape and axial length on surface.In this example, this shape is the cylinder with round base.Preferably, section 619 With the length measured along axis X 607, which is greater than the length on head 613.It is also preferable that the diameter or radial direction of section 619 Volume be less than head 613 diameter or radial volume, thus allow tool be axially supported on head 613 towards 611 turns of end On dynamic axial surface 614.Finally, the diameter of section 619 is greater than the diameter in this section hole 523 to be contacted, to cannot pass through institute State hole 523.Usually, it is specified that the diameter of section 619 is greater than at least one pivot hole (if not all) of knuckle, thus This some holes will not be slipped over.

Section 617 is coaxial with axis X 607, and is configured to by removably fastening come via the mounting hole of device 509 567 reception devices 509.As shown in figure 25, preferably there is sintered shape described section 617, that is, have in the middle section of section 617 There are the recess or groove around axis X 607.This burning junction configuration allows by axially fastening device 509 along axis X 607 Carry out bayonet unit 509 on pin 607.Hole 567 is captured in the hollow portion of sintered shape.It is special due to the elasticity of the material of pin 607 May not have this buckle.Hole 567 preferably has the generally cylindrical shape with round base, but alternatively, It can have shape corresponding with the shape of section 617 or any proper shape, to reinforce the fastener with section 617. The diameter of section 617 or radial volume are less than the diameter or radial direction volume of section 615, so that these sections 615 and 617 are by axial surface 616 separate, and the axial surface 616 is towards end 611 and allows device 509 and surface 616 axial adjacent.The diameter tool of section 617 There is the value of the diameter close or equal to hole 567.In fact, device 509 passes through before it will sell and be mounted on knuckle 503 and 505 It is slided on pin 607 by end 611.

Alternatively, it can specify that device 509 only slides on pin 607, without buckling.

Alternatively, section 617 can be configured with any suitable shape, seek to allow removedly to axially fasten device 509。

Alternatively, it can specify that and be formed as one pin 607 and device 509 by molding homogenous material, such as It is permanently pre-installed by molded, welding or gluing, this avoids must be mounted on device 509 during vehicle manufacture On pin 607.

Section is 619 coaxial with axis X 607, and is configured to receive and supported hole 523, or if applicable, reception with Support ring 549.This section 619 preferably has the cylindrical with round base, to allow hole 523 to pivot.In fact, if It is applicable in, then the diameter of section 619 is less than or equal to hole 523 or the diameter of its ring 549.The diameter of section 619 is preferably less than prior segment Diameter, the especially diameter of section 617.Therefore, in this example, section 619 and section 617 form axial edge 618.The edge 618 towards end 611, so as to along 607 axially position knuckle 503 of pin.In order to form the edge 618, people provide section 617 Diameter is greater than the diameter in hole 523.

Section 621 has the characteristic similar to section 619, axial edge 620 is formed with section 619, towards end 611, with axial direction Stop knuckle 505.621 supported holes 545 of section or the ring being inserted, in fact, people provide that the diameter of section 621 is less than or waits In the hole 545 or the diameter of its ring 549.In order to form edge 620, people provide that the diameter of section 619 is greater than the diameter in hole 545.

People it is preferably provided that, since head 613, the diameter for extending beyond the different sections of at least first half of pin subtracts It is small, to allow pin 607 to be easily mounted on hinge 501.Preferably, at least two axial edges, the peace towards pin 607 are set Direction D1 is filled, relative to 505 axially position knuckle 503 of knuckle.Mounting pin 607, end 611 are slided first.The direction D1 is opposite with end 609 and is parallel to axis X 607.In this example, two axial edges 618 and 620 are towards end 611.

Alternatively, pin 607 only includes one in above-mentioned axial edge.

In addition alternatively, according to application, other axial edges are additionally provided.

Rod segment 623 and axis X 607 are coaxial, and preferably have the cylindrical with round base.Section 623 has Enough length carrys out connection leg 535 and 537.More specifically, section 623 extends from section 621, until passing through hole 521 and 535.Cause This, the diameter of section 623 is less than the diameter in hole 521 and 535, and is less than in any hole that mounting pin 607 period section has to pass through. Preferably there is radial clearance between hole 521,535,545,547 and section 623, in order to mounting pin 607.In fact, section 623 Axial length be advantageously at least twice of axial length of section 615,617,619 and 621.

Optionally, when that temporarily must dismantle door, section 623 has sufficiently small diameter, so as to when needed can be by work Tool cutting.As described below, pin 607 be free of metal, the fact that help to carry out the cutting operation using tool.This cutting is led It causes to destroy pin 607.Due to the radial clearance provided for section 623, cut portion then can be easily respectively from hole 521 and 543 And hole 523 and 545 removes.

Component 625 is elastic, that is, relative to the rest part for being arranged to relatively more rigid pin 607, component 625 It is configured to elasticity.In this example, elastic component 625 includes two resilient legs 627.Axis is limited between supporting leg 627 To mobile recess 629, extend in the plane which extends along axis X 607.Recess 629 is in end At 611 and radial direction occurs.Therefore, as shown in figure 25, supporting leg 627 is arranged in parallel to the U-shaped of axis X 607.Due to supporting leg 627 and recess 629 configuration, component 625 is configured to have radial fastening configuration (not shown) and correspond to shown in Figure 25 Configuration is radially extended, and when being placed in radial fastening configuration, component 625 is configured to returning elastically by supporting leg 627 Radially extend configuration.In this example, from the channel for being configured to radial fastening configuration is radially extended corresponding to supporting leg 627 in recess Close to each other or wherein at least one supporting leg is close to another supporting leg at 629.Therefore, the free end of supporting leg constitutes the shifting of pin 607 Dynamic element.At most, supporting leg 627 is in contact with each other near end 611.

In radially fastening configuration, supporting leg 627 is tilted relative to axis X 607 and is assembled towards end 611.Therefore, exist In radial fastening configuration, the outer diameter of component 625 is slightly reduced, this allows elastic component 625 to pass through 521,523,543 and of pivot hole 545.In radially fastening configuration, pin 607 be may be mounted on hinge 501, while 521,523,543 and of axial circulation through hole 545.Preferably, it is installed, until the adjacent knuckle 503 and 505 of axial stop 618 and 620.

In radially extending configuration, elastic component forms axial edge 631, towards disassembly direction D2, with installation direction D1 On the contrary, to fight the disassembly of pin 607.The anti-shotpin 607 in edge 631 passes through hole 521 in the direction d 2.

Advantageously, when mounting pin 607, knuckle 503 and 505 passes through the axial direction of elastic component in radially extending configuration It edge 631 and is axially stationary relative to one another by least one of edge 618 and 620.Alternatively, it can be stated that By retainer 618,620 and 631 along axis X 607 appropriate intervals, pin 607 allow hinge 501 have slight axial direction between Gap.

As shown, component 625 advantageously has the shape assembled along direction D1, in order to mounting pin 607.However, side Edge 631 has angle more sharply, so that release pin 607 is more difficult, optionally, reaching needs, use is grabbed as described above The degree of tool is held, or must be by means of cutting element 625.Also it can be stated that the manual radial clamping of supporting leg 627 or use The clamping of tool is enough to take component 625 in radial fastening configuration, to allow release pin 607 in the direction d 2.

Any alternate embodiment of component 625 is all possible, as long as component has above two configuration.For example, can be with Multiple supporting legs different from two are provided.Device in addition to supporting leg can be provided.

Alternatively, the substitution as the elastic component 625 being arranged at end 611, elastic component have at section 621 Identical function.In fact, section 621 is for example including extending radially through recess, this is deformable to section 621 to be sufficient in radial direction Fastening is configured and radially extended moves between configuration.Section 621 further includes a part, the part have in radially extending configuration than Hole 545 or the bigger diameter of its ring 549, to allow pin 607 to axially fasten in hinge.The part has in radially fastening configuration There is sufficiently small diameter, to allow to be inserted into and remove interim pin.

Provide that pin 607 is free of metal.In other words, pin 607 is made of one or more of nonmetallic materials.Preferably, pin 607 Mainly it is made of plastics.This plastics are preferably polyamide.For example, this plastics are polyamide 4.6 or PA 4.6, especially fit For this special-purpose, especially because its heat-resisting and mechanical resistant stress is high while cheap.Advantageously, in vehicle In the various operations carried out on vehicle in manufacturing process, especially on painting line, in baking and electrophoresis process, plastics Material is subjected to the active force in pin 607.The property of plastics resists pin 607 naturally at the various chemistry carried out on vehicle Reason, especially with regard to paint.It is different from metallic pin, it does not need advantageously to provide the surface treatment of pin 607.Therefore manufacture is reduced The cost of pin 607.Plastics specifically avoid in the fabrication process, and particle is surprisingly deposited on pin 607 especially in electrophoresis process On.

" being mainly made of plastics " means that the main function components of pin 607 are made of this material, for example, passing through friction And it is worn.The other parts of pin 607 are then optionally made of the material other than plastics.

It can be stated that by the section 619,621 and elastic component 625 to rub by this plastics system during manipulating car door At.

It can be stated that section 623 is made of plastics, this makes section 623 sufficiently solid, will not interrupt in the manufacturing step of vehicle It splits.However, plastics are not so good as metallic hard, section 623 can be easier to divide, with release pin 607.Therefore, pin 607 is particularly easy to make With.

It can be stated that the end 610 including section 615 and head 613 is made of plastics.

Preferably, one is made by homogenous material in pin 607, which is above-mentioned plastics.It is then possible to very low Cost manufacture pin 607, for example, by injecting plastics in a mold.

It shall yet further be noted that the prior art some metals temporarily sell include supporting hinges knuckle pivot metallic pin with And for by the interim pin shaft to the various elements being fastened on hinge, for example, elastic ring, pin, the element to be crimped, for example, Buckle or rivet, gasket.In this example, pin 607 is advantageously made one, and does not need connecting element to be fastened on hinge On 501, to simplify the manufacture and use of pin 607.This is particularly due in pin 607 be possibly realized there is no metal, this Allow to provide elastic component, for example, aforementioned components 625, for axially fastening pin 607.In addition, limitation will be connected to pin The quantity of element on 607 allows to avoid its accidental loss on production chain.

There is no metal further such that interim joint pin is cheap and easily fabricated, so that using it one or many Afterwards, it can be advantageous to as the disposable or recoverable parts on one or more vehicles.

In general, can deflection hinge component have the feature that

Interim joint pin (607) is free of metal；

Interim joint pin is at least partially, preferably at least mainly made of plastics, it is preferable that polyamide；

Single single piece is made by homogenous material in interim joint pin；

Interim joint pin further includes at least two axial edges of the installation direction towards interim joint pin, with via When interim joint pin installs these knuckles, it is axially relative to one another positioning knuckle；

Interim joint pin further includes elastic component, which is configured to have radial fastening configuration, wherein faces When joint pin may be mounted on hinge so that being pivotally mounted knuckle using the pin；It is configured with radially extending, wherein when When installing interim joint pin, elastic component forms the axial edge of the disassembly direction towards interim joint pin, so that elastic component Interim joint pin is dismantled in resistance from knuckle, and when elastic component is placed in radial fastening configuration, elastic component passes through bullet Power and return and radially extend configuration；

Elastic component includes two resilient legs, and an axial movement recess is defined between the two resilient legs, The axial movement recess appears in the axial end of interim joint pin, corresponds to from the channel for being configured to radial fastening configuration is radially extended Indent is moved axially close to another resilient legs at least one resilient legs；

Interim joint pin includes: rod segment, and diameter is less than the pivot hole being arranged across knuckle, is pacified when being pivoted using it When filling knuckle, interim joint pin is accommodated by the rod segment；And end effector part, including generally disc-like end head and The grasping section extended between end head and rod segment, the diameter for grasping section are less than the diameter of end head and are greater than at least one The diameter of a pivot hole；

Dismountable hinge component includes the door stop device with penetrating mounting holes, and interim joint pin includes being used for The buckle section of door stop device on interim joint pin, with by via mounting hole on buckle section sliding door stop device by Door holder moves device and is axially fastened on interim joint pin.

As long as technically feasible, the technical characteristic of each embodiment can be used in other embodiments.

Claims (15)

1. one kind is used for vehicle hinge (1；101；201；301；401；501) bayonet unit (9；109；209；309；409； 509), the bayonet unit includes:

Hole (67；167；267；367；467；567), for the bayonet unit to be mounted on to the joint pin (7 of hinge；107； 207；307；407；507) on,

Retainer (71；171；271；371；471；571), the retainer is configured to the first knuckle (5 with hinge； 105；205；305；405；503) cooperate, first knuckle is mounted on the joint pin, and the retainer is thus by institute It states bayonet unit and surrounds the joint pin together with first knuckle and rotatably combine, and

Component (73；173；273；373；473；573), the second knuckle (3 of the component and hinge；103；203；303； 403；505) it buckles, first knuckle and second knuckle surround the joint pin in open orientation and close orientation Between installed with being pivoted relative to each other via the joint pin, the snap features be configured to when the second knuckle be in beat It is buckled when evolution position with the second knuckle, for rotating fixed second knuckle and the bayonet unit relative to each other,

The bayonet unit (9；109；209；309；409；509) it is characterized in that, the bayonet unit is free of metal.

2. bayonet unit (9 according to claim 1；109；209；309；409；509), which is characterized in that the buckle Device is at least partially, preferably at least mainly made of plastics.

3. bayonet unit (9 according to claim 2；109；209；309；409；509), which is characterized in that the buckle Device is made entirely of plastic.

4. bayonet unit (9 according to claim 2 or 3；109；209；309；409；509), which is characterized in that the card The plastics of buckle device are polyamide, preferably PA 4.6.

5. bayonet unit (9 according to any one of claim 1 to 4；509), which is characterized in that the bayonet unit phase For with by mounting hole (67；567) mounting axis (X67 limited；X567) vertical principal plane (P9；P509) symmetrical.

6. bayonet unit (9 according to any one of claim 1 to 5；209；509), which is characterized in that the buckle structure Part (73；273；It 573) include snap hook (73；273；573), the snap hook limits opening contours and is configured to around described Second knuckle (3；203；505) buckle block (81；281；581) it buckles.

7. combining bayonet unit (9 as claimed in claim 6 according to claim 5；509), which is characterized in that the snap hook (73；573) include

Cylindrical part (75；575), with round base, the round base is along being parallel to mounting axis (X67； X567 buckle axis (X73)；X573) extend, the cylindrical part extends through the main body (65 of the bayonet unit； 565), and

Channel (77；577), the cylindrical part is radially connected to the edge of the main body, the channel tool by the channel There is width (L77), measures the width along the straight radiation direction relative to the buckle axis, which is less than the cylinder The diameter of partial round base.

8. bayonet unit (9) according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the snap hook (73) includes along the circle The edge (79 that cylindrical section (75) and the channel (77) extend；579).

9. bayonet unit (109) according to any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the snap features It (173) include hollow space (173), the hollow space is configured to snap into the buckle head of second knuckle (103) (187) on.

10. bayonet unit (309) according to any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the snap features It (373) include buckle fork (373), the buckle fork is configured to the snap beads (395) more than second knuckle (303) Buckle.

11. bayonet unit (409) according to any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the snap features It (473) include the buckle column (473) for being parallel to the mounting hole (467) orientation, the buckle column is configured to snap into setting In the block button hole (483) in the hollow portion of second knuckle (403).

12. a kind of vehicle hinge (1；101；201；301；401；501), comprising:

Bayonet unit (9 according to any one of claim 1 to 11；109；209；309；409；509),

- the first knuckle (5；105；205；305；405；503), first knuckle preferably constitutes leaf knuckle,

- the second knuckle (3；103；203；303；403；505), second knuckle preferably constitutes frame-steering section, with And

Joint pin (7；107；207；307；407；507), first knuckle and second knuckle are via the joint pin It is pivotably mounted relative to each other around joint pin.

13. vehicle hinge (1 according to claim 12；501), which is characterized in that the mounting hole (67；567) have Joint pin (7 can be installed tightly to by being assembled into；507) diameter on.

14. a kind of use bayonet unit (9；109；209；309；409；509) method, which is characterized in that the bayonet unit It is bayonet unit according to any one of claim 1 to 11, the method includes following consecutive steps:

A) by by bayonet unit and the first knuckle (5；105；205；305；405；503) together around joint pin via stop Part (71；171；271；371；471；571) it rotatably combines, when manufacturing vehicle, in vehicle hinge (1；101；201；301； 401；501) joint pin (7；107；207；307；407；507) bayonet unit (9 is installed on；109；209；309；409；509)；

B) make snap features (73；173；273；373；473；573) with the second knuckle (3 of hinge；103；203；303；403； 505) it buckles, for rotating fixed second knuckle and the bayonet unit relative to each other；

C) at least one step of vehicle manufacture is executed, one layer of paint is especially applied, and

D) before vehicle manufacture terminates, the bayonet unit is dismantled from the joint pin.

15. according to the method for claim 14, it is characterised in that:

The hinge (1；101；201；301；401；It 501) include pe pinanent assemblies, the pe pinanent assemblies include the first knuckle (5；105；205；305；405；503), the second knuckle (3；103；203；303；403；505), joint pin (7；107；207； 307；407；And ring (47 507)；49；547,549), wherein one in the knuckle is mounted on joint pin via the ring On,

The bayonet unit relative to by mounting hole (67；567) mounting axis (X67 limited；X567) vertical principal plane (P9；P509) symmetrical；And

No matter the pe pinanent assemblies are left hinge components or relative to the symmetrical right hinge component of left hinge component, the card Buckle device (9；109；209；309；409；509) it can be connected on the joint pin.