CN109071352A - 基于石膏的板材 - Google Patents

基于石膏的板材 Download PDF

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CN109071352A
CN109071352A CN201780028577.5A CN201780028577A CN109071352A CN 109071352 A CN109071352 A CN 109071352A CN 201780028577 A CN201780028577 A CN 201780028577A CN 109071352 A CN109071352 A CN 109071352A
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gypsum
weight
amount
plate
plate according
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N.琼斯
A.理查森
J.里德奥特
L.布鲁克斯
J.斯帕克斯
D.贾兰德
N.贾普
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BPB Ltd
Saint Gobain Construction Products UK Ltd
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Abstract

板材具有石膏基质,其中内含在以下添加剂:相对于石膏计的量大于1重量%的玻璃纤维和相对于石膏计的量大于2.5重量%的合成聚合物粘合剂。玻璃纤维和合成聚合物粘合剂以至少2份粘合剂比一份纤维的重量比存在。存在于石膏基质中的沙子的量相对于石膏计在0‑0.5重量%的范围内。存在于石膏基质中的纤维素纤维的量相对于石膏计在0‑2重量%的范围内。

Description

基于石膏的板材
技术领域
本发明涉及基于石膏的材料的领域,更具体地涉及基于石膏的板材的领域。
背景技术
轻质板材如灰泥板(例如石膏灰泥板,gypsum plasterboard)、聚苯乙烯板和纤维板通常用于在建筑物内提供隔板。对于该应用而言其优势包括它们重量轻且安装快捷。
然而,在某些情况下,这类轻质板材可能具有以下缺点:它们强度不足以至于无法支撑固定物(例如水槽、电视机、散热器、灭火器、架子和需要连接到板材的任何其他物品)。在这些情况下,固定物的重量可能导致固定装置(例如螺钉)被拉出板材,使得固定物从隔板上掉落。
通常,这个问题已经通过提供胶合板来增加板材的固定强度得以解决。在这种情况下,将胶合板设置在板材的与待被放置的固定物侧相反(对)的一侧。胶合板可以提供增加的强度,以保持用于将固定物固定到板材上的一个或多个固定装置(例如螺钉)。通常,使胶合板位于隔板框架内,并且然后将灰泥板(plasterboard,石膏板)固定到胶合板上,从而使其位于隔板框架的外面。
作为替代方案,可以提供金属支撑装置。其可以包括固定板、通道、带或金属紧固件。如胶合板的情况那样,金属支撑装置通常位于板材的与待被固定的固定物侧相反(对)的一侧,并且用于接收和固定用于将固定物连接到板材上的固定装置,例如固定螺钉。
这两种布置都具有缺点,即它们需要板材和额外的支撑组件在现场彼此附着(affix,固定)。此外,当使用金属支撑装置时,可能需要多个这类支撑装置来支撑将固定物固定到板材所需的全套固定装置。因此,安装过程可能是耗时且昂贵的。
此外,添加金属支撑装置或胶合板增加了隔板的重量和厚度,和/或导致空腔壁空间的减小。通常,胶合板自身必须在现场按尺寸切割,因此增加了安装所需的时间并且可能导致灰尘和潜在有害成分的释放。
因此,需要提供能够保持固定装置和支撑固定物并且不需要耗时的安装过程的改进的板材。
已知(例如来自WO 2014/188168)在石膏浆料中包含纤维和/或聚合物添加剂来增加所得石膏产品的固定强度。
先前的发展已经导致石膏板的固定强度增加,但是仍然需要进一步改进性能,或者在减小的板重量和/或厚度下保持性能。例如,可能期望在保持固定强度的同时将板重量和/或厚度减少30-50%。
发明内容
已令人惊奇地发现,当将纤维和聚合物添加剂以不相等的量被引入到基于石膏的产品中时,实现了石膏强度的显著提高。具体地,已经发现可以通过限制被引入到基于石膏的产品中的纤维的量从而使得聚合物添加剂以显著大于纤维添加剂的量被引入到基于石膏的产品中来实现有益效果。
因此,在第一方面,本发明可以提供一种具有石膏基质的板材,该石膏基质具有内含在其中的以下添加剂:
·相对于石膏计的量大于1重量%的玻璃纤维;
·相对于石膏计的量大于4重量%的合成聚合物粘合剂;
·玻璃纤维和合成聚合物粘合剂以至少2份粘合剂比一份纤维的重量比存在;
其中存在于石膏基质中的沙子的量相对于石膏计在0-0.5重量%的范围内;
并且此外其中存在于石膏基质中的纤维素纤维的量相对于石膏计在0-10重量%的范围内。
优选地,聚合物粘合剂是聚乙酸乙烯酯。
优选地,存在于石膏基质中的丙烯酸树脂的量相对于石膏计在0-1重量%的范围内。通常,石膏基质基本上不含丙烯酸树脂。
优选地,存在于石膏基质中的碳酸钙的量相对于石膏计在0-5重量%的范围内,更优选相对于石膏计为0-1重量%。通常,石膏基质基本上不含碳酸钙。
通常,石膏基质基本上不含沙子。
优选地,存在于石膏基质中的纤维素纤维的量相对于石膏计在0-1.5重量%的范围内,更优选0-1重量%。通常,石膏基质基本上不含纤维素纤维。术语“纤维素纤维”旨在表示在木材颗粒(例如木屑和细锯屑颗粒)内提供的纤维和不再被木材中存在的天然粘合剂结合的纤维这两者。因此,为了避免疑问,存在于石膏基质中的木材颗粒的量相对于石膏计在0-2重量%的范围内,优选在0-1.5重量%的范围内,更优选在0-1重量%的范围内。
优选地,内含在石膏基质中的添加剂的总重量小于石膏基质中的石膏的重量。也就是说,石膏优选是板材的按重量计的主要成分。
优选地,聚合物粘合剂相对于石膏计以大于3.5重量%,优选大于4重量%,最优选大于5重量%的量存在。已经发现,聚合物粘合剂的添加使得机械性质的持续改进,至少高达约25重量%的粘合剂的水平,相对于石膏计。因此,鉴于合成聚合物粘合剂的相对较高的成本,通常优选合成聚合物粘合剂的水平相对于石膏计应为25重量%或更小。
内含在石膏基质中的玻璃纤维被初始地添加到用于形成板材的石膏浆料中。因此,它们分散遍布在石膏基质中,优选以基本上均匀的形式分布。
优选地,玻璃纤维相对于石膏计以大于1.5重量%的量存在。然而,认为高水平的纤维会导致板材生产的困难,例如,由于形成空隙。此外,纤维的存在被认为增加了刻划和折断板材以分离它们所需的力。因此,优选玻璃纤维相对于石膏计以小于6重量%的量存在。
优选地,玻璃纤维的平均长度在3-10mm的范围内。
优选地,玻璃纤维的直径在5-50微米的范围内。
优选地,玻璃纤维和聚合物粘合剂以至少2.5份粘合剂比一份纤维的重量比存在,优选至少3份粘合剂比一份纤维,优选至少4份粘合剂比一份纤维。
在某些实施方案中,板材可以基本上不含淀粉。在其他实施方案中,板材可以含有合成聚合物和淀粉,其中淀粉以低于合成聚合物的量存在,优选相对于合成聚合物的量计以小于5重量%的量存在,更优选相对于合成聚合物的量计以小于3重量%的量存在。
通常,石膏基质不包含除玻璃纤维之外的任何纤维。然而,在石膏基质确实包含非玻璃纤维的情况下,非玻璃纤维的平均长度优选为玻璃纤维的平均长度的至少50%,更优选至少80%。
通常,板材在一侧或两侧设置有饰面。饰面可以是例如纸饰面,其可以包含纤维素和任选地玻璃纤维。或者,饰面可以由部分或完全嵌入在在板材的表面处的垫来提供,例如玻璃纤维垫。
包含合成聚合物而不是淀粉来强化板材可以具有以下一个或多个优点:
·板材在生产过程中干燥更快,使得制造速度更快;
·成品板材呈现出尺寸变化随湿度变化较小。
优选地,板材的厚度在6-20mm,更优选在10-16mm的范围内。
优选地,板材的密度在600-1400kg/m3的范围内,更优选在700-1200kg/m3的范围内。
在第二方面,本发明可以提供一种制造根据本发明的第一方面的板材的方法,包括以下步骤:提供包含玻璃纤维和合成聚合物粘合剂的灰泥(stucco)浆料,以及使浆料凝固,
其中存在于浆料中的石灰的量在0-0.5重量%的范围内;
并且此外其中提供灰泥浆料的步骤包括将水以小于灰泥重量的两倍的量添加到灰泥中。
通常,浆料基本上不含石灰。
优选地,将水以小于灰泥重量的1.5倍的量添加到灰泥中。
通过本发明的第二方面的方法制备的板材可以包括根据本发明的第一方面的板材的一个或多个任选特征。
具体实施方式
现在通过仅是举例的方式描述本发明。
根据以下方法,由石膏浆料制备石膏灰泥板:
1.将聚乙酸乙烯酯(来自Celanese Emulsions的Vinamul 8481)添加到水中形成水性悬浮液;
2.将玻璃纤维混合到水性悬浮液中;
3.将灰泥添加到水性悬浮液中形成浆料;
4.在Kenwood混合器(RTM)中将浆料以最小速度混合10秒钟;
5.增加速度并将浆料进一步混合20秒;
6.将浆料沉积在成形表面上形成板;
7.将板在160℃的温度下干燥1小时,并且进一步在40℃的温度下干燥,直至达到恒重;
8.将板在23℃和50%的相对湿度下调节直至达到恒重。
表1详细列出了浆料的组成和板的密度。
将聚乙酸乙烯酯以水性悬浮液的形式添加到浆料中。表1中列出的聚乙酸乙烯酯的量是指水性悬浮液中含有的聚乙酸乙烯酯的量,而不是添加到浆料中的悬浮液的总质量。
表1
螺钉拉出测试
对已经在23℃的温度和50%的相对湿度下调节的100mm乘100mm尺寸(measured)的样品进行螺钉拉出测试。使用扭矩螺丝刀将50mm单螺纹木螺钉插入到样品中,螺钉穿过位于样品的表面上的金属负载传递元件。负载传递元件具有构造成介于螺钉头部和样品的表面之间的第一部分,以及构造成与测试机器接合从而允许负载沿着螺钉的轴施加到螺钉上的第二部分。
然后将试样安装在Zwick通用测试机(Zwick Universal Testing Machine)中,并且沿着螺钉的轴将10N预负载施加到螺钉上。随后,通过设定10mm/分钟的恒定十字头速度来增加负载,直到实现拉出。
再固定(Refix,重新装设)拉出测试
再固定拉出测试使用与螺钉拉出测试相同的程序进行,其中具有在使用扭矩螺丝刀将螺钉插入到样品中的步骤之后立即卸下螺钉并使用扭矩螺丝刀将其重新插入到相同位置的额外步骤。
疲劳测试
疲劳测试使用与螺钉拉出测试相同的程序进行,其中在向螺钉施加10N预负载和设定10mm/分钟的十字头速度的步骤之间具有以10mm/分钟的十字头速度施加在10N和300N之间的100个负载循环的额外步骤。
手扭矩测试
对在23℃的温度和50%的相对湿度下调节的100mm乘100mm尺寸的样品进行手扭矩测试。使用螺钉枪(螺丝枪)将50mm单螺纹木螺钉插入到样品中,螺钉穿过位于样品表面上的钢垫圈。
螺钉枪被配置成当已经将螺钉插入到样品中至头部从样品突出10mm的深度时停止。然后使用扭矩控制的手动螺丝刀转动螺钉,直到观察到扭矩读数的急剧增加,当螺钉头部与样品接触时。使用手动螺丝刀,然后以1/8圈的增量进一步转动螺钉,在每次增量后记录扭矩读数,然后重新设定为零。在达到最大扭矩后,该过程持续至少1.5圈。然后记录最大扭矩。
机械测试的结果列于表2中。括号中的数字表示所测试的样品数。
表2

Claims (13)

1.具有石膏基质的板材,该石膏基质具有内含在其中的以下添加剂:
·相对于石膏计的量大于1重量%的玻璃纤维;
·相对于石膏计的量大于2.5重量%的合成聚合物粘合剂;
·玻璃纤维和合成聚合物粘合剂以至少2份粘合剂比一份纤维的重量比存在;
其中存在于石膏基质中的沙子的量相对于石膏计在0-0.5重量%的范围内;
并且此外其中存在于石膏基质中的纤维素纤维的量相对于石膏计在0-2重量%的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板材,板材在至少一侧上设置有饰面。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的板材,其中聚合物粘合剂是聚乙酸乙烯酯。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中存在于石膏基质中的丙烯酸树脂的量相对于石膏计在0-1重量%的范围内。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中存在于石膏基质中的碳酸钙的量相对于石膏计在0-1重量%的范围内。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中内含在石膏基质中的添加剂的总重量小于石膏基质中的石膏的重量。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中聚合物粘合剂相对于石膏计以大于3.5重量%,优选大于4重量%,最优选大于5重量%的量存在。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中玻璃纤维相对于石膏计以小于6重量%的量存在。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中玻璃纤维的平均长度在3-10mm的范围内。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中玻璃纤维的直径在5-50微米的范围内。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中玻璃纤维和聚合物粘合剂以至少3份粘合剂比一份纤维,优选以至少4份粘合剂比一份纤维的重量比存在。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其中板材基本上不含淀粉或相对于合成聚合物粘合剂的量计含有小于5重量%的淀粉。
13.制造根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的板材的方法,包括以下步骤:提供包含玻璃纤维和合成聚合物粘合剂的灰泥浆料,以及使浆料凝固,
其中存在于浆料中的石灰的量在0-0.5重量%的范围内;
并且此外其中提供灰泥浆料的步骤包括将水以小于灰泥重量的两倍的量添加到灰泥中。
CN201780028577.5A 2016-04-08 2017-04-06 基于石膏的板材 Pending CN109071352A (zh)

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