CN109061046A - A method of detection building waste composition - Google Patents
A method of detection building waste composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN109061046A CN109061046A CN201810601623.2A CN201810601623A CN109061046A CN 109061046 A CN109061046 A CN 109061046A CN 201810601623 A CN201810601623 A CN 201810601623A CN 109061046 A CN109061046 A CN 109061046A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of detection building waste composition, includes the following steps: to be no more than 1m when the total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected3When: using whole building rubbish heap as rubbish to be analyzed, the composition for being analysed to rubbish is detected, and is analysed to composition of the testing result of rubbish composition as the building waste heap；When the total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is more than 1m3When: 1) in the building waste heap of to be detected composition sampling obtain several sampling rubbish；Several sampling rubbish are uniformly mixed, 2) the total amount quartering of several sampling rubbish is formed into 1m3Rubbish to be analyzed, 3) by 1m3The composition of rubbish to be analyzed detected, 4) be analysed to composition of the testing result of rubbish composition as the building waste heap.Method provided herein has the advantages that applicability is wide, easy to operate, feasibility is strong；The composition in building waste heap can effectively be analyzed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection methods, more particularly to a kind of method of detection building waste composition.
Background technique
Building waste refers to that construction, unit in charge of construction or individual build all kinds of buildings, structures, pipe network etc., spread
If or removing, generated dregs, spoir, rejected material, mud and other wastes in reparative processes.According to generate origin classification,
Building waste can be divided into engineering rubbish, engineering dregs, decoration garbage, removal rubbish, engineering slurry etc.；Classify by constituent,
Dregs, concrete block, crushed stone, brick and tile fragment, waste mortar, mud, asphalt blocks, waste plastics, non-gold can be divided into building waste
Category, useless bamboo wood etc..By taking decoration garbage as an example, residential households are generally originated from, can also be mixed with house refuse component, such as food rubbish
The components such as rubbish, textile clothes class rubbish, rubber plastic class rubbish, wood, bamboo class rubbish.
Building waste occupies a large amount of soils, will cause environmental pollution, and landfill can destroy soil texture in underground, cause ground
Table sedimentation.It can also be recycled after building waste is categorized.Such as thickness bone is produced using discarded building concrete and discarded masonry
Material can be used for producing the building materials such as the concrete, mortar or preparation building block, wallboard, floor tile of respective strengths grade.Thickness
After aggregate addition solidification class material, it can also be used to highway road surface.Aggregate is produced using useless brick and tile, can be used for producing regeneration
The building materials such as brick, building block, wallboard, floor.Dregs can be used for road construction, pile foundation filler, foundation etc..For discarded wood
Material class building waste, the timber not yet obviously destroyed can be reused directly for rebuilding building, and the wooden building of badly broken can be made
For the raw material of wooden regenerated plates or papermaking etc..Discarded pavement asphalt mixture can be directly used in regeneration drip according to proper proportion
Green concrete.Unmade road concrete can be processed into recycled aggregate for preparing regeneration concrete.Scrap steel, steel scrap muscle and other
Old metal material can directly recycle or melt down processing.The building wastes such as cullet, waste plastics, waste ceramic optionally distinguish benefit
With.
Since difference is huge in terms of size, density for different classes of building waste, and the density of building waste generally surpasses
General house refuse is crossed, therefore house refuse sampling and component detection method can not be indiscriminately imitated.But there has been no one kind to be suitble at present
Method or standard, representational sampling is carried out to the component of the building waste comprising numerous classifications, classifies and analyzes all kinds of
The method of other content.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of detection building waste compositions
Method, for solve in the prior art the building waste scale of construction is big, sampling representativeness caused by complicated components is insufficient, classification standard not
The problem of unified, content of all categories effectively can not be detected quickly.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention obtains by the following technical programs.
The present invention provides a kind of method of detection building waste composition, includes the following steps:
When the total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is no more than 1m3When: using whole building rubbish heap as wait divide
Rubbish is analysed, the testing result of rubbish composition to be analyzed is the composition of the building waste heap；
When the total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is more than 1m3When: 1) in the building waste heap of to be detected composition
Middle sampling obtains several sampling rubbish；Several sampling rubbish are uniformly mixed；2) several are sampled into rubbish quartering
Form 1m3Rubbish to be analyzed；3) by 1m3The composition of rubbish to be analyzed detected；4) it is analysed to the detection of rubbish composition
As a result the composition as the building waste heap.
Building waste heap described in method is included in building waste and stacks in place or building waste sorting in the application
The building waste heap that the heart is stacked.
Preferably, in step 1), several are taken to sample rubbish using isometric(al) sampling method when sampling, the isometric(al) is adopted
Sample method refers to that the volume for the sampling rubbish taken every time is identical.
Preferably, in step 1), the volume of each sampling rubbish is 1m3。
Preferably, in step 1), use standardised container when sampling, the standardised container be length, width and height be 1m just
Cube container.
Preferably, in step 1), when sampling, in the sample determined, building waste is grabbed using tool, is filled to
In standardised container, make building waste natural packing in container, do not use pressed by external force, to building waste top planes and holds
When device mouth rim is equal, stop filling building waste.Think at this time in the collected building waste volume of sample institute
For 1m3。
When being sampled to building waste heap, in order to enable the sampling rubbish taken has certain representativeness, for
How to sample and sampled point etc. will be further determined that.The general characteristic of building waste heap is the shape of different building waste heap bodies
Shape differs greatly, and due to factors such as itself building waste frictional force, (refers to when stacked in nature and be deposited in spacious level land completely
On, surrounding does not have enclosing), generally in divide, the shape of cone or cylinder table, without there are proper cube
The shapes such as body, cylindrical body.When the building waste heap of composition to be detected is stacked against a face wall, the stereoscopic nature of making of heap is stacked into heap
The half of body, is sampled referring to this method；When building waste heap is stacked against the vertical wall in two sides, certainly by the stereoscopic work of heap
The a quarter for so stacking heap body, is sampled referring to this method.
Preferably, it in step 1), is sampled using gridding method and/or periphery method.
It is highly preferred that the method for sampling of the gridding method are as follows: according to the heap body occupied area of building waste heap, rubbish will be built
Rubbish heap is divided equally into several subregion；It is sampled in the central point of all subregion.
It is highly preferred that the heap body occupied area when building waste heap is less than 50m2When, the number of the subregion is at least 9
It is a.
It is highly preferred that being equal to 50m when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is greater than2Less than 100m2When, the subregion
Number be at least 16.
It is highly preferred that being equal to 100m when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is greater than2When, the number of the subregion is most
It is less 25.
Preferably, in step 2), the periphery method refers in the position of upper, middle and lower three on each side of surrounding of building waste heap
Set sampling.Total digit of sampling is no less than 6.
Preferably, when being sampled using periphery method, building waste heap is stacked naturally and forms cone or circular cone
Platform.
Preferably, when the average thickness of building waste heap be no more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap be no more than 1m2
When, is directly sampled and analyzed using the building waste heap as rubbish to be analyzed.
Preferably, when the average thickness of building waste heap is no more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is more than 1m2
When, it is sampled using gridding method.
Preferably, when the average thickness of building waste heap is more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is no more than 1m2
When, it is sampled using periphery method.Building waste heap is considered as cone at this time.
Preferably, when the average thickness of building waste heap is more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is more than 1m2When,
Building waste heap is considered as the frustum of a cone, is sampled in the top surface of the frustum of a cone according to gridding method, in the side of the frustum of a cone according to periphery method
Sampling；At the annulus of top surface and unilateral copulation, the sample of coincidence is calculated according to a sampled point.
Preferably, the quartering in step 2), which refers to sample several, piles round or side after rubbish is mixed together uniformly
Then shape gives up wherein diagonal two parts according to the cross quartering at random, remaining part repeats aforementioned to pave and be divided into four
Equal part gives up half, until forming 1m3Rubbish to be analyzed.
Preferably, the composition includes the mass fraction of constituent species and each component within the scope of different-grain diameter.
Preferably, the constituent species include food, stationery, rubber and plastic class, bamboo and wood class, textile, common brick, aerating coagulation
In earth building blocks, concrete or stone, ceramic tile or ceramics, metal class, category of glass, grey great soil group, Harmful Waste class and electronic waste class
It is one or more.
Preferably, when be also not belonging to above-mentioned classification containing constituent species in the component of the building waste heap of composition to be detected will
It is classified as other classes.
Food described herein includes various discarded food materials and with the perishable rubbish such as postprandial residue
Rubbish；Such as melon and fruit vegetable skin, leftovers and expired food.
Stationery described herein is various discarded paper and paper products, such as office paper, express delivery carton, sanitary paper
Deng.
Rubber and plastic class described herein is various discarded plastics, rubber or leather and fur products；Such as plastic package material, tire
Deng.
Bamboo and wood class described herein is various discarded Bamboo and wood products and flowers and trees；As wooden or bamboo furniture, chopsticks,
The dry branches and fallen leaves etc. that afforestation generates.
Textile described herein is the textile of various discarded dry goods and yarn etc.；Such as curtain, sofa housing, bed
Pad, waste and old clothing etc..
Common brick described herein is the red brick and its fragment that clay is fired.
Air-entrained concrete building block described herein is light porous, insulation, the good coagulation civil engineering of fire protecting performance
Build material.
Concrete or stone described herein are to pour the construction of structures to be formed together using cement, sand and reinforcing bar, such as
Concrete road or concrete structures etc..
Ceramic tile described herein or ceramics are the metal oxide and half-metal oxide with fire resisting, via grinding, are mixed
The porcelain of the most red acid and alkali-resistance close, formed after compacting, glazing and sintering or the building or ornament materials of stone matter etc.；It such as draws water horse
The ceramics such as bucket, hand washing sink, waterproof, anti-skidding floor tile, dish made of ceramics.
Metal class described herein refers to various discarded metals and metal product etc., such as pop can, metal material
Door or window.
Category of glass described herein refers to various discarded glass or glassware, such as the glass or glass on door and window
Bottle.
Grey great soil group in the application refers to the fragment of dust, great soil group substance, brick and tile stone.
Harmful Waste class in the application includes discarded battery, canister, Expired drug or natural gas tank.
Electronic waste class in the application includes the electronic products such as electric appliance, mobile phone, computer.
Constituent species in the application further include other classes, other classes in the application, which refer to, is not belonging to above-mentioned any kind
The remaining ingredient of rubbish.
Preferably, the size distribution of each component refers to mass fraction of each component within the scope of different-grain diameter.Specifically
Ground, for the 1m obtained by quartering3Rubbish to be analyzed is first sorted according to different-grain diameter range, is then weighed different
The weight of every class building waste in size range can calculate the size distribution of every class building waste.
It is highly preferred that the different-grain diameter range includes following range: greater than 450mm, is less than or equal to greater than 300mm
450mm, it is greater than 100mm and is less than or equal to 300mm, is greater than 60mm and is less than or equal to 100mm, is greater than 31.5mm and is less than or equal to 60mm, big
It is less than or equal to 31.5mm in 16mm, 16mm is less than or equal to greater than 5mm, is greater than 2mm less than or equal to 5mm and is less than or equal to 2mm.
It is highly preferred that being analysed to one-component in rubbish when being detected to the composition of rubbish to be analyzed and utilizing mesh screen
Carry out the same component that screening forms different-grain diameter range.
A kind of method of detection building waste composition provided herein can be used for building different shape and the different scale of constructions
Building refuse carries out representational sampling, classification and quantitative analysis, has the advantages that applicability is wide, easy to operate, feasibility is strong；
The composition in building waste heap can effectively be analyzed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of quartering described herein.
Fig. 2 is periphery method described herein sampling location schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.
It should be clear that in the following example not specifically dated process equipment or device be all made of conventional equipment in the art or
Device.
In addition, it should also be understood that, one or more method and step mentioned in the present invention does not repel before and after the combination step
It can also be inserted into other methods step there may also be other methods step or between these explicitly mentioned steps, unless separately
It is described；It should also be understood that the combination connection relationship between one or more equipment/device mentioned in the present invention is not repelled
The two equipment/devices specifically mentioned before and after the unit equipment/device there may also be other equipment/device or at these it
Between can also be inserted into other equipment/device, unless otherwise indicated.Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, the number of various method steps is only
Identify the convenient tool of various method steps, rather than for the arrangement order of limitation various method steps or limits the enforceable model of the present invention
It encloses, relativeness is altered or modified, and without material changes in technical content, when being also considered as, the present invention is enforceable
Scope.
In the embodiment of the present application, index is predominantly detected when detecting using composition of the method in the application to building waste
Referring to following table table 1.
Index is predominantly detected when table 1 detects the composition of building waste
The component of building waste is specifically shown in Table 2 in the embodiment of the present application.
Table 2 is the constituent classification situation table of building waste in the application
In the embodiment of the present application quartering refer to several sampling rubbish are piled after mixing it is round or rectangular, according to
The cross quartering, then gives up wherein diagonal two parts at random, remaining part repeat it is aforementioned pave and quadrisection, house
Half is abandoned, until forming 1m3Rubbish to be analyzed.Quartering is as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is to carry out sampling and group using the method disclosed in the present application to the building waste heap of composition to be detected
The method of analysis.
The total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is no more than 1m in the present embodiment3。
Using whole building rubbish heap as rubbish to be analyzed, the testing result of rubbish composition to be analyzed is the building rubbish
The composition of rubbish heap.
The composition includes the size distribution of constituent species and each component.
The component for being analysed to rubbish is detected and is recorded according to Tables 1 and 2.
Testing result in table 1 is the composition of the building waste heap of composition to be detected in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is to carry out sampling and group using the method disclosed in the present application to the building waste heap of composition to be detected
The method of analysis.
The total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is more than 1m in the present embodiment3, more specifically, in the present embodiment
The average thickness of building waste heap is no more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is more than 1m2。
Several sampling rubbish are obtained using gridding method sampling to the building waste heap of composition to be detected；Several are sampled
Rubbish is mixed evenly；If just a will sample rubbish point forms 1m with quartering3Rubbish to be analyzed；By 1m3Rubbish to be analyzed
The composition of rubbish is detected；The testing result of rubbish composition to be analyzed is the composition of the building waste heap.
The method of sampling of the gridding method are as follows: according to the heap body occupied area of building waste heap, building waste heap is averaged
It is divided into several subregion；It is sampled in the central point of all subregion.
Specifically, when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is less than 50m2When, the number of the subregion is at least 9
It is a.
Specifically, it is equal to 50m when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is greater than2Less than 100m2When, the subregion
Number is at least 16.
Specifically, it is equal to 100m when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is greater than2When, the number of the subregion is minimum
It is 25.
1m in the present embodiment3The composition detection of rubbish to be analyzed is carried out referring to Tables 1 and 2.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is to carry out sampling and group using the method disclosed in the present application to the building waste heap of composition to be detected
At the method for analysis.
The total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is more than 1m in the present embodiment3, more specifically, in the present embodiment
The average thickness of building waste heap is more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is no more than 1m2When, it is sampled using periphery method.
Building waste heap is considered as cone at this time.
Several sampling rubbish are obtained using the sampling of periphery method to the building waste heap of composition to be detected；Several are sampled
Rubbish is mixed evenly；If just a will sample rubbish point forms 1m with quartering3Rubbish to be analyzed；By 1m3Rubbish to be analyzed
The composition of rubbish is detected；The testing result of rubbish composition to be analyzed is the composition of the building waste heap.
1m in the present embodiment3The composition detection of rubbish to be analyzed is carried out referring to Tables 1 and 2.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is to carry out sampling and group using the method disclosed in the present application to the building waste heap of composition to be detected
At the method for analysis.
The total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is more than 1m in the present embodiment3, more specifically, in the present embodiment
The average thickness of building waste heap is more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is more than 1m2When, building waste heap is considered as circle
Frustum is sampled in the top surface of the frustum of a cone according to gridding method, is sampled in the side of the frustum of a cone according to periphery method；It is handed in top surface and side
At the annulus connect, the sample of coincidence is calculated according to a sampled point.
Several sampling rubbish are obtained using the sampling of periphery method to the building waste heap of composition to be detected；Several are sampled
Rubbish is mixed evenly；If just a will sample rubbish point forms 1m with quartering3Rubbish to be analyzed；By 1m3Rubbish to be analyzed
The composition of rubbish is detected；The testing result of rubbish composition to be analyzed is the composition of the building waste heap.
1m in the present embodiment3The composition detection of rubbish to be analyzed is carried out referring to Tables 1 and 2.
Embodiment 5
When the shape of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is uncertain, also can according to need or actual conditions, it will be to
The building waste heap of detection composition changes into the shape of cone or frustum of a cone etc. in order to utilize gridding method and/or the progress of periphery method
Sampling.
When the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is less than 50m2When, the number of the subregion is at least 9.
It is equal to 50m when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is greater than2Less than 100m2When, the number of the subregion is minimum
It is 16.
It is equal to 100m when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is greater than2When, the number of the subregion is at least 25.
The periphery method refers to be sampled in the position of upper, middle and lower three on each side of surrounding of building waste heap.Specific such as Fig. 2
It is shown.
1m in the present embodiment3The composition detection of rubbish to be analyzed is carried out referring to Tables 1 and 2.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, carries out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of detection building waste composition, includes the following steps:
When the total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is no more than 1m3When:
Using whole building rubbish heap as rubbish to be analyzed, the testing result of rubbish composition to be analyzed is the building waste heap
Composition；
When the total volume of the building waste heap of composition to be detected is more than 1m3When:
1) sampling obtains several sampling rubbish in the building waste heap of composition to be detected；Several sampling rubbish are mixed equal
It is even,
2) several sampling rubbish quarterings are formed into 1m3Rubbish to be analyzed,
3) by 1m3The composition of rubbish to be analyzed detected,
4) it is analysed to composition of the testing result of rubbish composition as the building waste heap.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), when sampling, is taken using isometric(al) sampling method
Several sampling rubbish, the isometric(al) sampling method refer to that the volume for the sampling rubbish taken every time is identical.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the volume of each sampling rubbish is 1m in step 1)3。
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in step 1), when sampling, uses standardised container, the mark
Standardization container is the square container that length, width and height are 1m.
5. method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that in step 1), using gridding method and/or week
The sampling of side method.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterised in that it includes one of following feature or a variety of:
The method of sampling of the gridding method are as follows: according to the heap body occupied area of building waste heap, building waste heap is averagely divided
At several subregion；It is sampled in the central point of all subregion；
When the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is less than 50m2When, the number of the subregion is at least 9；
It is equal to 50m when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is greater than2And it is less than 100m2When, the number of the subregion is at least
16；
It is equal to 100m when the heap body occupied area of building waste heap is greater than2When, the number of the subregion is at least 25.
7. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterised in that it includes one of following feature or a variety of:
When the average thickness of building waste heap is no more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is more than 1m2When, using gridding method
Sampling；
When the average thickness of building waste heap is more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is no more than 1m2When, using periphery method
Sampling；
When the average thickness of building waste heap is more than 1m, and the occupied area of building waste heap is more than 1m2When, by building waste heap
It is considered as the frustum of a cone, is sampled in the top surface of the frustum of a cone according to gridding method, is sampled in the side of the frustum of a cone according to periphery method；Top surface with
At the annulus of unilateral copulation, the sample of coincidence is calculated according to a sampled point.
8. method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that composition includes constituent species and each component
Size distribution.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the constituent species include food, stationery, rubber and plastic class,
Bamboo and wood class, textile, common brick, air-entrained concrete building block, concrete or stone, ceramic tile or ceramics, metal class, category of glass, grey great soil group,
One of Harmful Waste class and electronic waste class are a variety of.
10. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the size distribution of each component refers to each component in different grains
Mass fraction within the scope of diameter.
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