CN109060392B - Temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system - Google Patents
Temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109060392B CN109060392B CN201810819440.8A CN201810819440A CN109060392B CN 109060392 B CN109060392 B CN 109060392B CN 201810819440 A CN201810819440 A CN 201810819440A CN 109060392 B CN109060392 B CN 109060392B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/002—Thermal testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/005—Testing of complete machines, e.g. washing-machines or mobile phones
Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system, which comprises a test cabin mounting bracket (13) which is vertically arranged; the upper part of the front surface of the test cabin mounting bracket (13) is provided with a hollow air pressure test cabin (10); the inside of the air pressure test cabin (10) is fixedly provided with a test piece which needs to be tested and is fixedly connected; two grille heat exchangers (9) are respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the front surface of the air pressure test cabin (10) in an opening way; the left and right sides of the back of the air pressure test cabin (10) are respectively provided with a loading piston (18); the grid heat exchanger (9) and the air outlet (100) at the front end of the loading piston (18) are arranged in a corresponding manner. The invention can reliably apply air pressure load and temperature load to windward equipment, and meets the environmental load test requirement of the windward equipment, thereby reliably detecting the performance of the windward equipment, being beneficial to wide production application and having great production practice significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical tests, in particular to a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system.
Background
At present, the actual use environment of a product simulated in a laboratory is used for checking the product, so that the product becomes an effective section for checking the performance of the product, and how to accurately and effectively simulate the environmental load applied to the actual use of the product becomes a key point of an environmental test.
For large area windward equipment such as building doors and windows, train covers, doors and windows, and aircraft covers, the environmental loads they face mainly during use are air pressure and temperature loads acting directly on their outer surfaces.
However, there is no technology at present, which can reliably apply air pressure load and temperature load to windward equipment such as building doors and windows, train skins, doors and windows, aircraft skins and the like, so as to meet the environmental load test requirements of the windward equipment, and thus reliably test the performance of the windward equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a temperature-controllable air pressure load test system, which can reliably apply air pressure load and temperature load to windward equipment such as building doors and windows, train skins, doors and windows, aircraft skins and the like, and meet the environmental load test requirement of the windward equipment, thereby reliably testing the performance of the windward equipment, being beneficial to wide production application and having great production practice significance.
Therefore, the invention provides a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system, which comprises a test cabin mounting bracket which is vertically arranged;
a hollow air pressure test cabin is arranged at the upper part of the front surface of the test cabin mounting bracket;
the inside of the air pressure test cabin is fixedly provided with a test piece which needs to be tested and is fixedly connected;
two grille heat exchangers are respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the front surface of the air pressure test cabin in an opening way;
the left side and the right side of the back of the air pressure test cabin are respectively provided with a loading piston in a sealing way;
the grid heat exchanger and the air outlet at the front end of the loading piston are correspondingly arranged.
The front face of the air pressure test cabin is provided with a pressure sensor;
and a temperature sensor is stuck on the test piece.
The air pressure test cabin comprises an air pressure compensator, an air inlet and a pressure reducing port, wherein the left side and the right side of the front surface of the air pressure test cabin are respectively provided with a pressurizing port and a depressurizing port, and the pressurizing port and the depressurizing port are respectively communicated with the air charging port and the air inlet of the air pressure compensator;
the grid heat exchanger is communicated with a temperature controller through a hollow pipeline.
Wherein each loading piston comprises a hollow loading piston housing;
the front end opening of the loading piston shell forms an air outlet;
the front end of the loading piston shell is connected with the back surface of the air pressure test cabin in a sealing way;
the front side of the interior of the loading piston shell is provided with a hollowed valve plate, and the rear side of the hollowed valve plate is provided with transversely distributed hollow valve rod limiting cylinders;
a threaded valve rod transversely penetrates through the valve rod limiting cylinder;
the front end of the threaded valve rod protrudes out of the front side of the hollowed valve plate and is fixedly connected with a sealing valve plate, and the rear end of the threaded valve rod protrudes out of the rear side of the valve rod limiting cylinder and is in threaded connection with a locking nut;
the sealing valve plate is in sealing connection with the loading piston shell, and a hollow piston airtight air chamber is formed between the sealing valve plate and the loading piston shell;
the rear end of the threaded valve rod is connected with a servo electric cylinder through a piston connecting shaft.
The pressure compensator comprises an air compressor, a vacuum pump, a high-pressure air storage tank, a negative-pressure air storage tank, a pressurizing electromagnetic valve and a depressurizing electromagnetic valve;
the air output port of the air compressor is communicated with the air input port of the high-pressure air storage tank, and the air output port of the high-pressure air storage tank is communicated with the pressurizing port through the pressurizing electromagnetic valve;
the air output port of the vacuum pump is communicated with the air input port of the negative pressure air storage tank, and the air output port of the negative pressure air storage tank is communicated with the pressure reducing port through the pressure reducing electromagnetic valve;
the temperature controller comprises a hot oil temperature controller, a heating oil tank (a heating resistance wire is arranged in the heating oil tank), a circulating pump, an inlet electromagnetic directional valve, an outlet electromagnetic directional valve, a low-temperature electromagnetic valve, a liquid nitrogen tank and a nitrogen generator;
the heating resistance wire is used for controlling the heating oil tank to heat the hydraulic oil stored in the heating oil tank;
the heating oil tank is respectively communicated with the inlet electromagnetic directional valve and the circulating pump, and the circulating pump is communicated with the first inlet of the outlet electromagnetic directional valve;
the liquid nitrogen tank is communicated with a second inlet of the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve through a low-temperature electromagnetic valve and a nitrogen generator in sequence;
an outlet of the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with an inlet of the grid heat exchanger;
and the outlet of the grid heat exchanger is communicated with the inlet electromagnetic reversing valve.
The left and right sides of the back of the air pressure test cabin are respectively fixedly provided with an electric cylinder mounting bracket which is longitudinally distributed;
an electric cylinder adapter plate is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the electric cylinder mounting bracket;
a servo electric cylinder is fixedly arranged on the electric cylinder adapter plate;
and a displacement sensor is arranged in the servo electric cylinder.
An annular sealing baffle ring is arranged between the peripheral edge of the hollowed-out valve plate and the inner wall of the loading piston shell;
the piston shell inner wall is also fixedly provided with two baffle ring screws at the upper side and the lower side of the front end of the sealing baffle ring.
The periphery of the hollow valve plate is sleeved with a first annular sealing collar at the position located at the rear side of the sealing baffle ring;
an annular second sealing collar is sleeved on the outer wall of the valve rod limiting cylinder at a position close to the inner wall of the right side of the piston shell;
a plurality of compression screws are arranged between the right side of the hollowed-out valve plate and the right inner wall of the piston shell;
a plurality of threaded through holes are formed in the right side wall of the loading piston shell;
the threaded through hole is arranged corresponding to the right end of the compression screw and is positioned on the same straight line.
The right side wall of the loading piston shell is provided with a plurality of piston air holes, and the pressure compensator is connected to the piston air holes through an air pipe.
Wherein, still include: and the comprehensive controller is respectively connected with the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the displacement sensor, the pressure compensator, the temperature controller and the servo electric cylinder through signal wires, and is used for receiving the air pressure data in the air pressure test cabin fed back by the pressure sensor, the temperature data in the air pressure test cabin fed back by the temperature sensor and the displacement data of the servo electric cylinder fed back by the displacement sensor, and controlling the working states of the pressure compensator, the temperature controller and the servo electric cylinder by sending control signals.
Compared with the prior art, the temperature-controllable air pressure load test system provided by the invention can reliably apply air pressure load and temperature load to windward equipment such as building doors and windows, train skins, doors and windows, aircraft skins and the like, meets the environmental load test requirements of the windward equipment, reliably tests the performance of the windward equipment, is beneficial to wide production and application, and has great production and practice significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system according to the present invention when viewed from the back to the front;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a piston for plugging in a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a plugging piston housing of a plugging piston in a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a hollow valve plate of a plugging piston in a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system;
fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a sealing valve plate of a plugging piston in a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a pressure compensator and a comprehensive controller in a temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system and between the pressure compensator and a pressurizing port in a pneumatic test chamber;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a temperature controller and a grid heat exchanger in an integrated controller and an air pressure test cabin in an air pressure load test system with controllable temperature according to the present invention;
in the figure, 4 is a pressure compensator, 5 is a pressure sensor, 6 is a temperature controller, 9 is a grid heat exchanger, 10 is a pneumatic test chamber, 11 is a pressurizing port, 12 is a depressurizing port, 13 is a test chamber mounting bracket, and 14 is a servo electric cylinder;
15 is an electric cylinder adapter plate, 16 is an electric cylinder mounting frame, 17 is a piston connecting shaft, 18 is a loading piston, 19 is a loading piston shell, 20 is a hollowed valve plate, 21 is a sealing valve plate, 221 is a first sealing collar, 222 is a second sealing collar, 22 is a threaded through hole, and 24 is a threaded valve rod;
25 is a lock nut, 26 is a compression screw, 27 is a piston closed air chamber, 28 is a sealing baffle ring, 29 is a baffle ring screw, and 30 is a piston air hole;
100 is an air outlet, 200 is a valve rod limiting cylinder.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the aspects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system provided by the invention is mainly used for applying pneumatic load and temperature load to windward equipment such as building doors and windows, train skins, doors and windows, aircraft skins and the like, and specifically comprises a test cabin mounting bracket 13 which is vertically arranged;
the hollow air pressure test chamber 10 is arranged at the upper part of the front surface of the test chamber mounting bracket 13;
the inside of the air pressure test cabin 10 is fixedly provided with a test piece to be tested (specifically, windward equipment such as building doors and windows, train skins, doors and windows, aircraft skins and the like) which is fixedly connected;
two grille heat exchangers 9 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the front surface of the air pressure test cabin 10 in an opening manner;
the left and right sides of the back of the air pressure test cabin 10 are respectively provided with a loading piston 18 in a sealing manner;
the grille heat exchanger 9 and the air outlet 100 at the front end of the loading piston 18 are arranged in a corresponding manner.
In the present invention, the front surface of the air pressure test chamber 10 is provided with a pressure sensor 5.
In the embodiment of the invention, the inside of the air pressure test chamber 10 is fixedly connected with a test piece to be tested through a mounting flange.
In the present invention, in particular, a pressurizing port 11 and a depressurizing port 12 are respectively opened on the left and right sides of the front surface of the air pressure test chamber 10, and the pressurizing port 11 and the depressurizing port 12 are respectively communicated with an air charging port and an air suction port of the pressure compensator 4 (through hollow pipelines).
In the present invention, the grid heat exchanger 9 is in communication with a temperature controller 6 via a hollow pipe (particularly, a temperature-resistant pipe).
In the present invention, a temperature sensor is attached to the test piece, so as to collect temperature information inside the air pressure test chamber 10.
In the present invention, each loading piston 18 comprises a hollow loading piston housing 19;
the front end of the loading piston shell 19 is opened to form an air outlet 100;
the front end of the loading piston shell 19 is connected with the back surface of the air pressure test cabin 10 in a sealing way;
the front side of the interior of the loading piston shell 19 is provided with a hollowed valve plate 20, and the rear side of the hollowed valve plate 20 is provided with a transversely distributed and hollow valve rod limiting cylinder 200;
a threaded valve rod 24 transversely penetrates through the valve rod limiting cylinder 200;
the front end of the threaded valve rod 24 protrudes from the front side of the hollowed valve plate 20 and is fixedly connected with a sealing valve plate 21, and the rear end of the threaded valve rod 24 protrudes from the rear side of the valve rod limiting cylinder 200 and is in threaded connection with a locking nut 25;
the sealing valve plate 21 is in sealing connection with the loading piston housing 19 (specifically, a sealing collar is sleeved on the peripheral edge of the sealing valve plate 21, which is not shown), and a hollow piston airtight air chamber 27 is formed between the sealing valve plate 21 and the loading piston housing.
In particular, the rear end of the threaded valve rod 24 is connected to a servo motor cylinder 14 via a piston connecting shaft 17.
In particular implementation, the left and right sides of the back of the air pressure test cabin 10 are respectively fixedly provided with an electric cylinder mounting bracket 13 which is longitudinally distributed;
an electric cylinder adapter plate 15 is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the electric cylinder mounting bracket 13;
a servo electric cylinder 14 is fixedly arranged on the electric cylinder adapter plate 15;
a displacement sensor is provided in the servo motor cylinder 14.
In particular, an annular sealing baffle ring 28 is disposed between the peripheral edge of the hollowed valve plate 20 and the inner wall of the loading piston housing 19.
In particular, two baffle ring screws 29 are fixedly arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the front end of the sealing baffle ring 28 on the inner wall of the piston housing 19.
In particular, the circumferential edge of the hollowed valve plate 20 is further sleeved with a first annular sealing collar 221 at a position located at the rear side of the sealing baffle ring 28;
the outer wall of the valve rod limiting cylinder 200 is sleeved with an annular second sealing collar 222 at a position close to the right inner wall of the piston housing 19.
In particular implementation, a plurality of compression screws 26 are arranged between the right side of the hollowed valve plate 20 and the right side inner wall of the piston housing 19;
the right side wall of the loading piston shell 19 is provided with a plurality of threaded through holes 23;
the threaded through hole 23 is arranged corresponding to the right end of the compression screw 26 and is positioned on the same straight line.
In particular, a plurality of piston air holes 30 are arranged on the right side wall of the loading piston housing 19, and the pressure compensator 4 is connected to the piston air holes 30 through an air pipe.
In the present invention, for the test system provided by the present invention, further comprising: the integrated controller is connected with the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the displacement sensor, the pressure compensator 4, the temperature controller 6 and the servo electric cylinder 14 through signal lines, and is used for receiving the air pressure data in the air pressure test chamber 10 fed back by the pressure sensor, the temperature data in the air pressure test chamber 10 fed back by the temperature sensor and the displacement data of the servo electric cylinder 14 fed back by the displacement sensor, and controlling the working states of the pressure compensator 4, the temperature controller 6 and the servo electric cylinder 14 by sending control signals, for example, the integrated controller comprises: the control pressure compensator 4 outputs positive pressure or negative pressure to the air pressure test cabin through the pressurizing port 11 and the depressurizing port 12 respectively; the temperature controller 6 is controlled to output hot oil with preset high temperature or ammonia gas with preset low temperature to the grid heat exchanger 9; and controls the telescopic movement of the servo motor cylinder 14.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, the main test object is a door and window or skin structure, the test piece is in a planar structure, and the test piece is fixed inside the air pressure test chamber 10 by the mounting flange, so as to control the pressure and temperature in the air pressure test chamber 10, thereby achieving the purpose of testing the test piece.
For the present invention, the generation principle of the air pressure waveform is the law of the air wave artificial ear, and the air pressure is changed by changing the volume of the sealing air or changing the air quantity in the sealing body.
In the invention, the air pressure waveform is realized by two large-caliber loading pistons 18, the loading pistons are divided into two parts by a sealing valve plate 21, one part is a piston closed air chamber 27, the other part is connected with the air pressure test chamber 10, the sealing state of the piston closed air chamber can be adjusted, and the air pressure of +/-0.6 MPA can be born when the air pressure test chamber is completely sealed. The action stroke of the sealing valve plate 21 can cover the whole interior of the loading piston, and meanwhile, the sealing valve plate 21 can extend out, so that the communication between the piston airtight air chamber 27 and the air pressure test chamber 10 is realized.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, the test actuation system is composed of two servo electric cylinders 14, the servo electric cylinders 14 are connected with the back of the air pressure test chamber 10 through electric cylinder mounting brackets 16, and can be controlled by a servo controller and a comprehensive controller, and the servo electric cylinders drive loading pistons 18 to generate reciprocating rectilinear motion; the actuation control of the servo electric cylinder consists of an integrated controller, a displacement sensor and the servo electric cylinder.
It should be noted that, when the pressure fatigue test is performed on the pressure compensator in the valve, the pressure compensator can compensate the pressure zero offset in the pressure cabin due to the temperature change and the system sealing. The pressure compensator may pressurize or pump the piston seal 27 during the pressure impact test.
The pressure compensator comprises an air compressor, a vacuum pump, a pressure gauge and an electromagnetic valve, wherein the air compressor, the vacuum pump, the pressure gauge and the electromagnetic valve are communicated through hollow pipelines in sequence, and stable positive and negative pressure output and on-off control can be realized.
In particular, the pressure measurement and control of the test system of the invention consists of a comprehensive controller, a pressure sensor and a pressure compensator.
For the present invention, the temperature load of the test system of the present invention is applied by means of gas heat exchange, mainly by two grid heat exchangers at the outlet of the loading piston. During high-temperature test, constant-temperature high-temperature oil generated by a temperature controller is introduced into the heat exchanger, and two groups of loading pistons respectively act in the same amplitude and the same frequency in the opposite directions, so that gas in the sealed cabin flows, and air flows through the grid heat exchanger to complete heat exchange and rapidly complete temperature rise of a test piece. During low-temperature test, low-temperature nitrogen generated by a temperature controller is introduced into the grid heat exchanger, and through two groups of loading pistons, the gas in the sealed cabin flows through the grid heat exchanger by respectively reversing actions with the same amplitude and the same frequency, and the air flow passes through the grid heat exchanger to complete heat exchange, so that the temperature reduction of a test piece is rapidly completed.
The temperature controller is composed of a high-temperature hot oil output system and a low-temperature liquid nitrogen output system. The high temperature load is controlled by changing the temperature of the hot oil, and the low temperature load is controlled by changing the on-off time of the low temperature nitrogen.
In particular implementation, the temperature measurement and control of the test system provided by the invention consists of a comprehensive controller, a temperature sensor and a temperature controller.
In the concrete implementation, the integrated controller is a programmable controller PLC, a central processing unit CPU, a digital signal processor DSP or a single chip microcomputer MCU.
Referring to fig. 7, for the present invention, the pressure compensator 4 includes an air compressor, a vacuum pump, a high-pressure air tank, a negative-pressure air tank, a pressurizing solenoid valve, and a depressurizing solenoid valve;
the air output port of the air compressor is communicated with the air input port of the high-pressure air storage tank, and the air output port of the high-pressure air storage tank is communicated with the pressurizing port 11 through the pressurizing electromagnetic valve;
the air output port of the vacuum pump is communicated with the air input port of the negative pressure air storage tank, and the air output port of the negative pressure air storage tank is communicated with the pressure reducing port 12 through the pressure reducing electromagnetic valve;
the integrated controller is respectively connected with the pressurizing electromagnetic valve and the depressurizing electromagnetic valve and is used for specifically controlling the opening and closing of the pressurizing electromagnetic valve and the depressurizing electromagnetic valve so as to control the on-off of the gas path, so that the air compressor end can realize the on-off of high-pressure gas and the vacuum pump end can realize the on-off of negative pressure gas.
In the present invention, the air compressor and the vacuum pump in the pressure compensator 4 are set by the integrated controller, the air compressor and the vacuum pump are controlled to make the air pressure in the two air tanks of high pressure and negative pressure reach the target values, and the integrated controller controls the pressurizing solenoid valve and the depressurizing solenoid valve when the pressurizing or depressurizing compensation is required, so that the high-pressure air tank and the negative pressure air tank are respectively communicated with the pressurizing port 11 and the depressurizing port 12 in the air pressure test chamber 10 to perform the pressurizing or depressurizing compensation.
Referring to fig. 8, for the present invention, the temperature controller 6 includes a hot oil temperature controller, a heating oil tank (in which a heating resistance wire is provided), a circulation pump, an inlet electromagnetic directional valve, an outlet electromagnetic directional valve, a low temperature electromagnetic valve, a liquid nitrogen tank, and a nitrogen generator;
the hot oil temperature controller is connected with the heating oil tank and is used for controlling the heating resistance wire in the heating oil tank to heat the hydraulic oil stored in the heating oil tank, and specifically can be as follows: a switch control signal is sent to control the on or off of a relay switch between the heating resistance wire and an external power supply, so as to control the heating resistance wire to be turned on or off;
the heating oil tank is respectively communicated with the inlet electromagnetic directional valve and the circulating pump, and the circulating pump is communicated with the first inlet of the outlet electromagnetic directional valve;
the liquid nitrogen tank is communicated with a second inlet of the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve through a low-temperature electromagnetic valve and a nitrogen generator in sequence;
the outlet of the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with the inlet of the grid heat exchanger 9;
the outlet of the grille heat exchanger 9 is communicated with an inlet electromagnetic directional valve.
The temperature controller mainly comprises a heating part and a refrigerating part, the heating part consists of a heating oil tank, a hot oil temperature controller, a heating resistance wire, a circulating pump and an electromagnetic valve, the heating oil tank is controlled to heat according to a set temperature through the comprehensive controller, and hot oil can be input into the grid heat exchanger 9 through an outlet electromagnetic reversing valve and the circulating pump. The refrigeration part consists of a liquid nitrogen tank and a low-temperature electromagnetic valve, and when in test, the liquid nitrogen tank is filled with liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen can be gasified into low-temperature nitrogen rapidly by means of the ambient temperature through a nitrogen generator. During low-temperature loading, the comprehensive controller controls the opening of the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve to communicate the liquid nitrogen tank with the grid heat exchanger 9, so that low-temperature gas is introduced.
The hot oil temperature controller can be a programmable controller PLC, a central processing unit CPU, a digital signal processor DSP or a singlechip MCU.
In order to output the hot oil of a preset high temperature to the grill heat exchanger 9, the inside of the air pressure test chamber 10 is heated. The specific implementation process is as follows: the integrated controller is used for setting target temperature of a hot oil temperature controller in the temperature controller, the hot oil temperature controller is used for controlling the heating oil tank, hydraulic oil in the heating oil tank is heated through the resistance wire, at the moment, the circulating pump always circulates oil, when the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve does not act, the circulating pump circulates the hydraulic oil in the heating oil tank, the integrated controller is used for controlling the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve, the circulating pump is communicated with the grid heat exchanger 9, hot oil filling is achieved, the integrated controller is used for controlling the inlet electromagnetic reversing valve, the grid heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the heating oil tank, and a circulation loop of the hot oil is formed.
In order to output the hot oil of a preset low temperature to the grill heat exchanger 9, the inside of the air pressure test chamber 10 is cooled. The specific implementation process is as follows: the comprehensive controller controls the low-temperature electromagnetic valve to be opened, so that liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen tank flows into the nitrogen generator, the nitrogen generator serves as a heat exchange generator, the liquid nitrogen flows into the heat exchange plate in the nitrogen generator, and a large amount of low-temperature nitrogen is generated by instantaneous gasification of the ambient temperature. The comprehensive controller controls the outlet electromagnetic directional valve, so that the grid heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the nitrogen generator, low-temperature nitrogen is introduced, and the comprehensive controller controls the inlet electromagnetic directional valve, so that the low-temperature nitrogen is discharged into the air, and a low-temperature nitrogen passage is formed.
For the invention, three different control methods can be adopted for one set of test equipment, and the application of air pressure fatigue, low-speed air pressure impact and high-speed air pressure impact environments can be simultaneously satisfied. The concrete explanation is as follows:
1. when the air pressure fatigue test and the low-speed air pressure impact (the air pressure change time is more than or equal to 50 ms) are carried out, the loading piston 18 is communicated with the air pressure test chamber 10, and the loading piston 18 moves linearly, so that the volume of the internal air is changed, and the required air pressure is generated.
2. When a high-speed air pressure impact test (the air pressure change time is less than 50 ms) is carried out, the instantaneous air pressure change is required to be generated, the volume change is simply generated by virtue of the piston movement, the requirement of the action time cannot be met, the pressure impact at the moment is to respectively inflate and inhale the sealed air chambers of two loading pistons by virtue of the pressure compensator (through the piston air holes 30), one loading piston 18 generates larger positive pressure, the other loading piston 18 generates larger negative pressure, the integrated controller carries out displacement instruction control on the servo electric cylinder 14 at the beginning of the test, so that the sealing valve plate 21 of one loading piston 18 is rapidly pushed into the air pressure test cabin 10, the air pressure test cabin 10 is communicated with the sealed air chamber 27, and the pressure in the sealing cabin is rapidly changed according to Boyle law.
3. When a low-speed air pressure impact test is carried out (the air pressure impact acting time is greater than or equal to 50 ms), the pressure control is PID closed-loop control, and as the pressure change is in direct proportion to the displacement change, the comprehensive controller firstly controls the displacement of the servo electric cylinder 14 by constant displacement to complete the self-checking of the system, the self-checking of the system can effectively check the problems of mechanical faults of the system, acquisition faults of the system and the like, and the PID parameters corresponding to the pressure control can be calculated by the pressure value and the output value of the controller. And the pressure PID control parameters are used for performing an air pressure closed-loop control test, so that the application of different waveforms is realized, and the air pressure impact test effect is achieved.
4. When the pneumatic fatigue test is carried out, because the pressure zero offset is caused by temperature change and system sealing, the displacement zero offset can be caused to the servo electric cylinder when the closed loop control is carried out for compensating the pressure zero offset, and the locking condition can be caused to the servo electric cylinder when the servo electric cylinder is operated for a long time. In order to avoid the locking condition, the displacement is subjected to PI control, the displacement periodic motion with constant amplitude is output, and the pressure waveform with periodic variation is necessarily obtained because the pressure is directly proportional to the displacement. And adjusting the output displacement amplitude and frequency to enable the frequency and peak-to-peak pressure difference of the air pressure waveform to meet the test requirement. The pressure compensation system compensates the pressure in the sealed cabin so as to adjust the balance position of the air pressure waveform, so that the air pressure waveform meets the test requirement.
In addition, when high-speed air pressure impact test (air pressure change time is less than 50 ms) is performed, the control of the integrated controller adopts an open loop strategy. Before the test, a sealing steel plate is used for replacing a test piece for debugging, and the pressure peak value of air pressure impact is regulated by regulating the air pressure of a closed air chamber in a loading piston. The lifting time of the waveform is regulated by regulating the movement speed of the servo electric cylinder. The peak pressure holding time is adjusted by adjusting the difference in the actuation times of the two valve plates. And after the test impact waveform reaches the requirement, recording the adjusting parameters, and replacing the test piece for testing.
Therefore, the invention realizes the accurate application of the pneumatic load and the temperature load by applying the servo electric cylinder and the loading piston based on the Boyle's law. The servo electric cylinder adopted by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high reliability and the like, and the cost control of the whole set of test equipment is better.
For the temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system provided by the invention, the specific assembly process is as follows:
firstly, fixing the grille heat exchanger 9 and the pressure sensor 5 to the inner wall of the air pressure test chamber 10;
next, the air pressure test chamber 10 is fixed to the test chamber mounting bracket 13;
next, the sealing valve plate 21 is installed into the hollowed valve plate 20, and the locking nut 25 is sleeved on the threaded valve rod 24 and screwed for locking, so that the sealing valve plate 21 is tightly matched with the hollowed valve plate 20;
then, the two combined valve plates are installed in the loading piston housing 19, and the sealing baffle ring 28 is limited in the piston airtight air chamber 27 through the baffle ring screw 29;
then, the fitting clearance is finely adjusted and filled with lubricating grease, ensuring that the first sealing collar 221 and the second sealing collar 222 seal and lubricate well.
Then, the loading piston 18 is mounted to the rear of the air pressure test chamber 10 such that the loading piston 18 communicates with the inner space of the air pressure test chamber 10;
then, the servo electric cylinder 14 is fixed to the electric cylinder adapter plate 15 and is mounted to the back surface of the air pressure test chamber 10 through the electric cylinder mounting bracket 13;
subsequently, the servo motor cylinder 14 is connected with a threaded valve rod 24 on the loading piston 18 through a piston connecting shaft 17;
then, the grid heat exchanger 9 is connected with the temperature controller 6 through a temperature-resistant pipeline;
then, the pressurizing port (11) and the depressurizing port (12) are connected with the pressure compensator (4) through a gas pipeline;
finally, the servo motor cylinder 14, the displacement sensor, the pressure compensator 4, the pressure sensor 5, the temperature controller, and the temperature sensor are connected to the integrated controller through shielded cables, and the integrated controller controls the operation of these components.
For a clearer understanding of the invention, the manner of operation of the invention is described below:
1. the air pressure fatigue test was performed as follows:
1. fixing the test piece to the air pressure test chamber 10 through a mounting flange;
2. sticking a temperature sensor to a test piece;
3. the comprehensive controller sends a control signal to control the two servo electric cylinders 14 to perform the same-direction periodic motion, the displacement sensor 3 arranged in the servo electric cylinders 14 feeds back displacement information to the comprehensive controller, and the comprehensive controller performs PID control on the displacement;
4. according to Boyle's law, the servo electric cylinder 14 drives the loading piston 18 to work, so that the gas pressure in the gas pressure test chamber 10 is periodically changed;
5. the pressure sensor 5 feeds back the acquired pressure value to the comprehensive controller in real time, and the comprehensive controller saves the motion amplitude and frequency of the two servo electric cylinders 14, so that the waveform, frequency and peak value difference of the test pressure in the air pressure test cabin 10 reach the preset target requirement;
6. if, due to temperature variations and system seals, the air pressure test chamber 10 is subject to a pressure zero bias,
7. the pressure sensor 5 feeds back the acquired pressure value to the comprehensive controller 1, the comprehensive controller 1 calculates zero bias force, the comprehensive controller 1 outputs a control signal to the pressure compensator 4, the pressure compensator 4 is controlled to output positive pressure or negative pressure to the inside of the air pressure test cabin 10, the pressure zero line position in the air pressure test cabin 10 meets the requirement, and finally the pressure waveform meets the target requirement.
8. After the pressure waveform reaches the target requirement, the comprehensive controller gives out an instruction to the temperature controller 6 to enable the temperature controller to output constant-temperature hot oil or low-temperature nitrogen to the grid heat exchanger 9;
9. the temperature controller 6 collects temperature change, the temperature value is fed back to the comprehensive controller, and the comprehensive controller controls the on-off of the hot oil temperature or the low-temperature nitrogen output by the temperature controller 6 according to the temperature collection value to form temperature closed-loop control.
2. The working mode of the low-speed air pressure impact test is as follows:
1. fixing the test piece to the air pressure test chamber 10 through a mounting flange;
2. sticking a temperature sensor to a test piece;
3. the comprehensive controller controls the two servo electric cylinders 14 to move, so that the two servo electric cylinders 14 perform reverse equal-peak movement, the servo electric cylinders 14 drive the loading piston 18, so that circulating air flow is generated in the air pressure test cabin 10 and is blown through the grid heat exchanger 9, the surface of a test piece is uniformly heated or cooled, and the comprehensive controller controls the on-off of hot oil temperature or low-temperature nitrogen according to a temperature acquisition value to form temperature closed-loop control;
4. after the test piece reaches the required temperature, the test system is subjected to self-checking, the comprehensive controller controls the two servo electric cylinders 14 to move in the same direction, the displacement sensor arranged in the servo electric cylinders 14 is used for closed-loop control of movement displacement, a small displacement waveform is output, smaller pressure (less than thirty percent of target pressure) is generated in the air pressure test cabin 10, the pressure value is fed back to the comprehensive controller through the pressure sensor 5, and therefore PID gain required by pressure closed-loop control is calculated.
5. After the self-test is completed, the servo electric cylinder 14 is restored to the balance position, and the pressure in the air pressure test chamber 10 is restored to zero pressure.
6. The servo electric cylinder 14 is controlled by the integrated controller to generate motion, the pressure fed back by the pressure sensor 5 is used for PID control of air pressure through PID gain values obtained in the self-checking process, and the test waveform reaches the preset requirement.
3. The working mode during the high-speed air pressure impact test is as follows:
1. replacing the test piece with a closed steel plate, and then performing impact debugging;
2. the two valve plates of the sealing valve plate 21 and the hollowed valve plate 20 are combined, pushed to the sealing baffle ring 28, and the hollowed valve plate 20 is pressed by using the pressing screw 26 to penetrate through the threaded through hole 23.
3. The lock nut 25 is loosened, so that the sealing valve plate 21 and the hollowed valve plate 20 can generate relative displacement.
4. The servo electric cylinder 14 is controlled to pull the sealing valve plate 21 through the integrated controller, so that the sealing collar on the sealing valve plate 21 is compressed, and the sealing effect is achieved.
5. The pressure compensator 4 is connected to the piston air hole 30 via an air pipe, and the pressure compensator 4 pressurizes or depressurizes the piston closed air chamber 27.
6. One of the two loading pistons is pressurized and the other is depressurized according to the test pressure, and the pressure in the piston closing air chamber 27 is kept stable.
7. The two servo electric cylinders 14 are controlled to sequentially push the seal valve plate 21 by the integrated controller.
8. When the system is actuated, one sealing valve plate 21 is instantly pushed into the air pressure test chamber 10, so that the air pressure in the piston airtight air chamber 27 is instantly released, the pressure in the air pressure test chamber 10 is instantly changed, after the pressure is kept for a certain time, the other sealing valve plate 21 is pushed into the air pressure test chamber 10, and as the pressure values of the two piston airtight air chambers 27 are opposite in positive and negative, the pressure in the air pressure test chamber 10 is reset after the two piston airtight air chambers 27 are mutually communicated through the hollow air pressure test chamber 10, so that the air pressure impact process from zero to the maximum value and reset is completed.
9. The test up-down time is required by adjusting the action time and action speed of the two servo motor cylinders 14.
10. The pressure values in the two piston closed air chambers 27 are adjusted so that the pressure peak value at the time of the test reaches the target requirement.
11. And (3) repeating the steps 9 and 10 until the test spectrum shape meets the requirement, and replacing the closed steel plate with a test piece for formal test.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention is suitable for simulating complex air pressure environments with medium and low pressure (less than or equal to 0.6 MPa) at different environmental temperatures, and is used for checking structural performance of large-area windward equipment such as doors and windows, skins and the like in environments such as shock waves, periodic air pressure fluctuation and the like. The system can simulate and realize the loading of complex air pressure environments such as positive pressure impact, negative pressure impact, positive and negative pressure circulation and the like. The invention can accurately realize the application of complex air pressure load under different temperature environments, and realize the test purposes such as air pressure impact, air pressure fatigue and the like.
For the invention, the loading system innovatively uses a servo electric cylinder, a loading piston, a grid type heat exchanger, a comprehensive controller, a pressure compensator and a temperature controller, thereby realizing closed-loop control of the temperature and the pressure of the test system.
For the invention, by changing the control strategy of the test system, the lowest air pressure impact loading of 10ms and the air pressure fatigue loading of 0.1-10 Hz can be realized. The temperature control function of the test system is realized through the grid heat exchanger, the temperature controller, the temperature sensor and the comprehensive controller, so that the temperature of the test piece can be controlled within the range of-40 ℃ to +70 ℃, and various air pressure loading waveforms such as sine waves, trapezoidal waves, triangular waves and the like at the temperature of-40 ℃ to +70 ℃ can be realized. The test system provided by the invention has the advantages of stable overall structure and high reliability, and can be widely applied to air pressure impact or air pressure fatigue tests in the fields of buildings, automobiles, high-speed rails, airplanes and the like.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the temperature-controllable air pressure load test system provided by the invention can reliably apply air pressure load and temperature load to windward equipment such as building doors and windows, train skins, doors and windows, aircraft skins and the like, meets the environmental load test requirements of the windward equipment, reliably tests the performance of the windward equipment, is beneficial to wide production and application, and has great production and practice significance.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A temperature-controllable pneumatic load test system, which is characterized by comprising a test cabin mounting bracket (13) which is vertically arranged;
the upper part of the front surface of the test cabin mounting bracket (13) is provided with a hollow air pressure test cabin (10);
the inside of the air pressure test cabin (10) is fixedly provided with a test piece which needs to be tested and is fixedly connected;
two grille heat exchangers (9) are respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the front surface of the air pressure test cabin (10) in an opening way;
the left side and the right side of the back of the air pressure test cabin (10) are respectively provided with a loading piston (18) in a sealing way;
the grid heat exchanger (9) and the air outlet (100) at the front end of the loading piston (18) are arranged in a positive correspondence manner;
each loading piston (18) comprises a hollow loading piston housing (19);
the front end of the loading piston shell (19) is opened to form an air outlet (100);
the front end of the loading piston shell (19) is connected with the back surface of the air pressure test cabin (10) in a sealing way;
the front side of the interior of the loading piston shell (19) is provided with a hollowed valve plate (20), and the rear side of the hollowed valve plate (20) is provided with a transversely distributed hollow valve rod limiting cylinder (200);
a threaded valve rod (24) transversely penetrates through the valve rod limiting cylinder (200);
the front end of the threaded valve rod (24) protrudes out of the front side of the hollowed valve plate (20) and is fixedly connected with a sealing valve plate (21), and the rear end of the threaded valve rod (24) protrudes out of the rear side of the valve rod limiting cylinder (200) and is in threaded connection with a locking nut (25);
the sealing valve plate (21) is in sealing connection with the loading piston shell (19), and a hollow piston airtight air chamber (27) is formed between the sealing valve plate and the loading piston shell;
the rear end of the threaded valve rod (24) is connected with a servo electric cylinder (14) through a piston connecting shaft (17);
the left and right sides of the back of the air pressure test cabin (10) are respectively fixedly provided with an electric cylinder mounting bracket (13) which is longitudinally distributed;
an electric cylinder adapter plate (15) is fixedly arranged at the rear end of the electric cylinder mounting bracket (13);
a servo electric cylinder (14) is fixedly arranged on the electric cylinder adapter plate (15);
an annular sealing baffle ring (28) is arranged between the peripheral edge of the hollowed valve plate (20) and the inner wall of the loading piston shell (19).
2. The pneumatic load test system according to claim 1, wherein the front face of the pneumatic test chamber (10) is provided with a pressure sensor (5);
and a temperature sensor is stuck on the test piece.
3. The pneumatic load test system according to claim 2, wherein the front left and right sides of the pneumatic test chamber (10) are also provided with a pressurizing port (11) and a depressurizing port (12), and the pressurizing port (11) and the depressurizing port (12) are respectively communicated with an inflating port and an air suction port of a pressure compensator (4);
the grid heat exchanger (9) is communicated with a temperature controller (6) through a hollow pipeline.
4. A pneumatic load test system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pressure compensator (4) comprises an air compressor, a vacuum pump, a high pressure air reservoir, a negative pressure air reservoir, a pressurization solenoid valve and a depressurization solenoid valve;
the air output port of the air compressor is communicated with the air input port of the high-pressure air storage tank, and the air output port of the high-pressure air storage tank is communicated with the pressurizing port (11) through the pressurizing electromagnetic valve;
the air output port of the vacuum pump is communicated with the air input port of the negative pressure air storage tank, and the air output port of the negative pressure air storage tank is communicated with the pressure reducing port (12) through the pressure reducing electromagnetic valve;
the temperature controller (6) comprises a hot oil temperature controller, a heating oil tank with a heating resistance wire arranged therein, a circulating pump, an inlet electromagnetic reversing valve, an outlet electromagnetic reversing valve, a low-temperature electromagnetic valve, a liquid nitrogen tank and a nitrogen generator;
the heating resistance wire is used for controlling the heating oil tank to heat the hydraulic oil stored in the heating oil tank;
the heating oil tank is respectively communicated with the inlet electromagnetic directional valve and the circulating pump, and the circulating pump is communicated with the first inlet of the outlet electromagnetic directional valve;
the liquid nitrogen tank is communicated with a second inlet of the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve through a low-temperature electromagnetic valve and a nitrogen generator in sequence;
an outlet of the outlet electromagnetic reversing valve is communicated with an inlet of the grid heat exchanger (9);
the outlet of the grid heat exchanger (9) is communicated with an inlet electromagnetic reversing valve.
5. Pneumatic load test system according to claim 1, characterized in that a displacement sensor is arranged in the servo motor cylinder (14).
6. The pneumatic load test system according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the piston housing (19) is further fixedly provided with two retainer screws (29) on both upper and lower sides of the front end of the sealing retainer (28).
7. The pneumatic load test system according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential edge of the hollowed valve plate (20) is further sleeved with a first annular sealing collar (221) at a position located at the rear side of the sealing baffle ring (28);
an annular second sealing collar (222) is sleeved on the outer wall of the valve rod limiting cylinder (200) at a position close to the right inner wall of the piston shell (19);
a plurality of compression screws (26) are arranged between the right side of the hollowed valve plate (20) and the right inner wall of the piston shell (19);
a plurality of threaded through holes (23) are formed in the right side wall of the loading piston shell (19);
the threaded through holes (23) are correspondingly arranged at the right ends of the compression screws (26) and are positioned on the same straight line.
8. A pneumatic load test system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the loading piston housing (19) is provided with a plurality of piston air holes (30) on a right side wall thereof, and the pressure compensator (4) is connected to the piston air holes (30) through an air pipe.
9. The pneumatic load test system of any one of claims 5 to 8, further comprising: the comprehensive controller is respectively connected with the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the displacement sensor, the pressure compensator (4), the temperature controller (6) and the servo electric cylinder (14) through signal lines, and is used for receiving air pressure data in the air pressure test cabin (10) fed back by the pressure sensor, temperature data in the air pressure test cabin (10) fed back by the temperature sensor and displacement data of the servo electric cylinder (14) fed back by the displacement sensor, and controlling the working states of the pressure compensator (4), the temperature controller (6) and the servo electric cylinder (14) by sending control signals.
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| CN109724787B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2023-11-28 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Clamping test bed of tunnel protection door and wind pressure test system comprising same |
| CN109724788B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2023-11-28 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Wind pressure test bed of tunnel protection door and wind pressure test device comprising same |
| CN110703830A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-17 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Warplane skin-oriented segmented discrete incremental PID multi-path temperature control system and method |
| CN111693267B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-05-31 | 中国民用航空总局第二研究所 | Test device and test method for bearing performance of test piece remains |
| CN111811760B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-08-19 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Plate frame model strength/rigidity test system |
| CN114323683A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-12 | 苏州长菱测试技术有限公司 | Fatigue endurance test system and test method |
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