CN102269675A - Biaxial tensile testing device with thirdly directional stress provided by fluid pressure and application thereof - Google Patents
Biaxial tensile testing device with thirdly directional stress provided by fluid pressure and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102269675A CN102269675A CN2011101135337A CN201110113533A CN102269675A CN 102269675 A CN102269675 A CN 102269675A CN 2011101135337 A CN2011101135337 A CN 2011101135337A CN 201110113533 A CN201110113533 A CN 201110113533A CN 102269675 A CN102269675 A CN 102269675A
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Abstract
The invention provides a biaxial tensile testing device with thirdly directional stress provided by fluid pressure and application thereof. The biaxial tensile testing device with thirdly directional stress provided by fluid pressure comprises a stretching device, a sealed box, a heating system, a fluid pressure system, a temperature detecting device, a pressure measuring device, a cooling system and a data collecting and processing device. The biaxial tensile testing device with thirdly directional stress provided by fluid pressure, provided by the invention, can be used for improving a forming limit of a material to some extent by considering the influence of the fluid pressure on a biaxial tensile test, is not only suitable for testing the performance of a constant-temperature material, but also is suitable for testing the performance of a high-temperature material; the heating system is used for carrying out heating and constant-temperature control on a testpiece to be tested and has a high temperature-raising efficiency and a small error; the device also comprises the cooling system which is used for carrying out necessary cooling on a box body in the test process of testing the performance of the high-temperature material so that the service life of the testing device is prolonged, and the efficiency of the testing device is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thermal medium forming technique and material test technical field, be specifically related to two-way stretch experimental provision and application thereof that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress.
Background technology
The thermal medium forming technique is the most innovative plastic forming technology that the early 21st century develops rapidly.It is to adopt the high-temperature heat flux body medium as the power transmission medium that thermal medium is shaped, and with a kind of manufacture method of this instead of part die forming part.Thermal medium is shaped and has the two-fold advantage of thermoforming and fluid forming, hydrodynamic pressure induce thick the plasticity and the ductility of material significantly improve under stress participates in, yield strength descends rapidly, breaks to be inclined to reduce.In view of these advantages, more and more researchers has been launched more deep research work to the thermal medium forming technique.Yet the thermal medium forming technique is the forming technology under the hydrodynamic pressure participation, the raising of its forming limit is caused by the participation of thickness normal stress, and how to detect under the influence of thickness normal stress, the performance of the material of different tension ratios in the sheet material face, still there is not good solution at present, the yet not corresponding with it device that can carry out the two-way stretch performance test to the material under the effect of thickness normal stress.At this technical barrier, the present invention proposes the bidirectional tensile tester that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress.
At present common biaxial tensile test method is more, the most directly perceived, the biaxial stress state that can directly reflect sheet material of cruciform specimen two-way stretch wherein, thereby be the most valued current a kind of method.The cruciform specimen bidirectional tensile tester mainly divides two kinds, and the one, make the large-scale specialized equipment of cruciform specimen biaxial tensile test, can realize that two-way control with changed scale stretches, its complex structure costs an arm and a leg; The 2nd, be fixedly mounted on universal testing machine or the pressure testing machine, provide pulling force by universal testing machine or pressure testing machine, realize two-way stretch to test specimen.These two kinds all is common bidirectional tensile testers, do not consider the influence that hydrodynamic pressure produces, and normal temperature material and high-temperature material test all do not possessed versatility, do not solve above-mentioned technical barrier yet, be unfavorable for the further investigation of thermal medium forming technique, also be unfavorable for expanding the popularity that bidirectional tensile tester uses.
At publication number is in the patent of invention of CN 101561376, discloses a kind of bidirectional tensile tester.But this device comprises the fixing force mechanisms, adjustable discrete mechanism dynamometry force transmission mechanism and can not the dynamometry force transmission mechanism of dividing.Cruciform specimen is placed the center of device, but fixing discrete mechanism, adjustable discrete mechanism dynamometry force transmission mechanism and can not fixedly connected with the four direction of cruciform specimen by the test specimen chuck respectively by the dynamometry force transmission mechanism, with this to cruciform specimen enforcement stretching.This invention belongs to the two-way stretch experimental provision under the normal state, do not consider the influence of hydrodynamic pressure to the biaxial tensile test result, and test does not possess versatility to high-temperature material, can not solve thermal medium effectively and be formed in this existing difficult problem of the material properties test under the effect of thickness normal stress.
Summary of the invention
Do not consider the influence of three-dimensional stress in order to overcome existing bidirectional tensile tester, test does not possess versatility, can't effectively solve the thermal medium shortcomings such as existing technical barrier that are shaped to normal temperature material and high-temperature material, the present invention proposes a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides the bidirectional tensile tester and the application thereof of three-dimensional stress, introduce hydrodynamic pressure in this bidirectional tensile tester, and hydrodynamic pressure is as the tension test of three-dimensional stress participation test specimen, the practicality that has expanded biaxial tensile test test material ess-strain.
The present invention proposes the bidirectional tensile tester that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress, comprises stretching device, airtight casing, heating system, fluid-pressure system, temperature-detecting device, device for pressure measurement, cooling system and data acquisition processing device.
Airtight casing comprises Box Cover, visual windows and casing; Described visual windows is assemblied in the Box Cover center; Described casing center has cavity, and this cavity is divided into top cavity and bottom cavity, and the cavity bottom has oil-out; Box Cover and casing are fixed by screw bolt and nut, and visual windows is positioned at the open top of cavity, and closed oil cylinder is exerted pressure and acted on the Box Cover, make the cavity of casing be in air-tight state; The bottom of casing is fixed on the cushion block, and cushion block is fixed on the frame.
Heating system comprises heat-insulation layer, heating unit and swash partition, the internal side wall of the bottom cavity of casing is equipped with heat-insulation layer outward in turn, heating unit and swash partition, swash partition is mutually concordant with the internal side wall of top cavity, and with the bottom interior wall of cavity, fix respectively between the internal side wall of top cavity, make heat-insulation layer, form heating chamber between heating unit and the swash partition, the internal side wall of top cavity, the outer wall of swash partition, form working chamber between the bottom interior wall of cavity and the visual windows, swash partition is used for heating chamber and working chamber are separated, and prevents that high-pressure fluid from entering heating chamber.
Stretching device comprises master cylinder, piston, tensile axis, back-up block and test specimen chuck, described tensile axis is two groups, be positioned at same level and orthogonal setting, every group of tensile axis level penetrates the outer wall of casing, be positioned at the bottom position of top cavity, and carry out encapsulation process with the junction of casing, every group of tensile axis formed by tensile axis A and tensile axis B, the tensile axis A axle head relative with tensile axis B that is positioned at working chamber inside has the test specimen chuck by bolt respectively, be used for connecting and pretension cruciform testpieces, another axle head of tensile axis A and tensile axis B all is positioned at outside the casing, all is connected with master cylinder on it, and master cylinder inside is provided with piston; The outer wall surface that back-up block is fixed by welding in casing is positioned at place, tensile axis below, is used to support tensile axis; Master cylinder is by being bolted on the base, and base and frame link together.
Fluid-pressure system comprises hydrodynamic pressure generation device and surplus valve; The hydrodynamic pressure generation device comprises low-pressure cavity, high pressure chest, piston rod and low-pressure cavity piston, the low-pressure cavity piston is arranged in low-pressure cavity, piston rod is connected with the low-pressure cavity piston by bolt, high pressure chest is connected with working chamber by pressure duct, moves forward by piston rod high-pressure fluid is pressed into working chamber; Surplus valve is connected with low-pressure cavity in the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, by setting the pressure of surplus valve, and the interior hydrodynamic pressure size of the working chamber of control and balance box indirectly.
Device for pressure measurement comprises pressure duct, pressure transducer and joint, and pressure duct, and is connected with the working chamber of box house by being threaded on the cabinet exterior by joint, and working chamber is connected with pressure transducer by pressure duct; Temperature-detecting device comprises temperature sensor, screw and bearing, bearing is by on the outer wall surface that is bolted to casing, temperature sensor, is used to detect working chamber, the cruciform testpieces in the casing and acts on the temperature of the hydrodynamic pressure on the cruciform testpieces on bearing by screw retention; Many the cooling ducts of evenly arranging in the outer wall of casing, cooling system is connected with casing by cooling duct, is used for casing is cooled off; Data acquisition and treating apparatus are connected with device for pressure measurement, temperature-detecting device respectively by circuit, are used for the real time data and the figure of real-time collection, processing and demonstration process of the test.
A kind of bidirectional tensile tester of using the present invention's proposition carries out the method for normal temperature material properties test, comprises following step:
Step 1: the test specimen chuck is connected with the cruciform testpieces and pretension, and the other end of test specimen chuck is fixed together by bolt and tensile axis; Box Cover and casing are assembled together, oil-out is sealed by screw with end cap, high-temperature seal ring B19.
Step 2: drive closed oil cylinder, make closed oil cylinder produce pressure and compress Box Cover, guarantee that working chamber is in sealing state.
Step 3: turn-on data collection and treating apparatus before tension test begins; Open the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, the regulated fluid Pressure generator produces the high-pressure fluid that continues and acts on the cruciform testpieces, and drive master cylinder testpieces is implemented two-way stretch, and by visual window viewing test process.
Step 4: finish tension test, stop to drive master cylinder, close the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, move backward, working chamber is carried out pressure release, open Box Cover, take out testpieces by the piston rod that drives in the low-pressure cavity; Open the end cap of oil-out, the fluid in the working chamber is discharged and collected, test is finished.
The method that a kind of bidirectional tensile tester that application the present invention proposes carries out the high-temperature material performance test comprises following step:
Step 1: the test specimen chuck is connected with the cruciform testpieces and pretension, and the other end of test specimen chuck is fixed together by bolt and tensile axis; Box Cover and casing are assembled together, oil-out is sealed by screw with end cap, high-temperature seal ring.
Step 2: drive closed oil cylinder, make closed oil cylinder produce pressure and compress Box Cover, guarantee that working chamber is in sealing state.
Step 3: open the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, a certain amount of low-pressure fluid is injected in the working chamber, close the hydrodynamic pressure generation device then.
Step 4: open heating system, begin heating, heat is by the fluid heating of heat conduction with low pressure, and the fluid of heat heats the cruciform testpieces by heat conduction.
Step 5: turn-on data collection and treating apparatus, open the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, the regulated fluid Pressure generator produces the high-pressure fluid that continues and acts on the cruciform testpieces, opens cooling system simultaneously, and casing is cooled off; Drive master cylinder testpieces is implemented two-way stretch, by visual window viewing test process.
Step 6: tension test is finished, and closes heating system and hydrodynamic pressure generation device, stops to drive master cylinder, moves backward by the piston rod that drives in the low-pressure cavity, and working chamber is carried out pressure release.
Step 7: continue cooling, close cooling system; Open Box Cover, take out testpieces, open the end cap of oil-out, the fluid in the working chamber is discharged and collected, test is finished.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the present invention proposes bidirectional tensile tester and the application thereof that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress, introduce hydrodynamic pressure in this test unit, and hydrodynamic pressure is as the tension test of three-dimensional stress participation test specimen, the practicality that has expanded biaxial tensile test test material ess-strain;
(2) the present invention proposes bidirectional tensile tester and the application thereof that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress, this test unit is considered the influence of hydrodynamic pressure to biaxial tensile test at the trial, mainly considers the useful influence of hydrodynamic pressure to material property---can improve the forming limit of material to a certain extent;
(3) the present invention proposes bidirectional tensile tester and the application thereof that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress, this test unit heating system heats and thermostatic control to be tested, and intensification efficient height, error are little;
(4) the present invention proposes bidirectional tensile tester and the application thereof that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress, the cooling system of this test unit is connected with cooling duct in the casing shell by pipeline, be used in test high-temperature material performance test process, casing is carried out necessary cooling, prevent that spin manifold temperature is too high and damage casing and be connected equipment on the box outer surface, improved the serviceable life and the efficient of experimental provision.
(5) the present invention proposes bidirectional tensile tester and the application thereof that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress, this test unit hydrodynamic pressure generation device high-pressure side (high pressure chest endpiece) is connected with working chamber in the airtight casing, high-pressure side links to each other with the high-pressure fluid storage container, low pressure end adopts normal hydraulic oil to drive, high-pressure side does not link to each other with low pressure end, is convenient to high-pressure side and adopts different fluid media (medium)s with low pressure end.
(6) the present invention proposes bidirectional tensile tester and the application thereof that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress, this test unit is not only applicable to test the performance of normal temperature material, is applicable to the performance of test high-temperature material yet;
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a bidirectional tensile tester structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a bidirectional tensile tester A-A cut-open view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a bidirectional tensile tester structure vertical view of the present invention;
Among the figure:
The 1-cushion block; The 2-oil-out; The 3-heat-insulation layer; The 4-swash partition;
The 5-cooling duct; The 6-heating chamber; The 7-back-up block; The 8-master cylinder;
The 9-piston; The 10-tensile axis; The 11-working chamber; The 12-Box Cover;
The closed oil cylinder of 13-; The 14-bolt; The 15-nut; 16-high-temperature seal ring A;
The 17-casing; The 18-heating unit; 19-high-temperature seal ring B; The 20-end cap;
The 21-screw; The 22-temperature-detecting device; 23-test specimen chuck; 24-cruciform testpieces;
The 25-high pressure chest; The 26-low-pressure cavity; 27-hydrodynamic pressure generation device; 28-low-pressure cavity piston;
The 29-surplus valve; The 30-device for pressure measurement; 31-data acquisition and treating apparatus; The 32-visual windows.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and test procedure.
The present invention is the bidirectional tensile tester that a kind of hydrodynamic pressure provides three-dimensional stress, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, comprise stretching device, airtight casing, heating system, fluid-pressure system, temperature-detecting device 22, device for pressure measurement 30, cooling system and data acquisition processing device 31.
Airtight casing comprises Box Cover 12, visual windows 32 and casing 17.Described visual windows 32 is clear glass or suprasil sheet material material, is assemblied on Box Cover 12 centers.Described casing 17 centers have cavity, this cavity is divided into top cavity and bottom cavity two parts on short transverse, the size of bottom cavity is greater than top cavity size, the cavity bottom has oil-out 2, by oil-out 2 cavity inside is in communication with the outside, oil-out 2 is used to test when finishing discharges the pressure fluid in the cavity.Box Cover 12 and casing 17 are fixed together by bolt 14 and nut 15, make visual windows 32 be positioned at the open top of cavity, and are provided with high-temperature seal ring A16 between Box Cover 12 and the casing 17 and seal.Use closed oil cylinder 13 to exert pressure and act on the Box Cover 12, and guarantee that the cavity of casing 17 is in air-tight state when test is carried out always; The bottom of casing 17 is fixed on the cushion block 1, and cushion block 1 is fixed on the frame, thereby whole box body 17 is fixing; Stretcher strain process by cruciform testpieces 24 in the airtight casing of visual windows 32 observations; The outside surface of oil-out 2 seals by screw 21 with end cap 20, high-temperature seal ring B19 when test is carried out.
Heating system comprises heat-insulation layer 3, heating unit 18 and swash partition 4, the internal side wall of the bottom cavity of casing 17 is equipped with heat-insulation layer 3, heating unit 18 and swash partition 4 outward in turn, swash partition 4 is mutually concordant with the internal side wall of top cavity, and and the internal side wall of the bottom interior wall of cavity, top cavity between fix respectively, make to form heating chamber 6 between heat-insulation layer 3, heating unit 18 and the swash partition 4, be used for testpieces is heated.Form working chamber 11 between the outer wall of the internal side wall of top cavity, swash partition 4, the bottom interior wall of cavity and the visual windows 32.Described heat-insulation layer 3 is used to shield the heat in the heating chamber 6, avoids carrying out heat interchange with environment, guarantees cruciform testpieces 24 accuracy of its temperature during tension test under the condition of high temperature; Heating unit 18 can be heating tube, resistance wire etc.Swash partition 4 is used for heating chamber 6 and working chamber 11 are separated, and be used to prevent that high-pressure fluid enters heating chamber 6 when 24 tension tests of cruciform testpieces, and then splash is on heating unit 18.
Stretching device comprises master cylinder 8, piston 9, tensile axis 10, back-up block 7 and test specimen chuck 23, described tensile axis 10 is two groups, be positioned at same level and orthogonal setting, every group of tensile axis 10 levels penetrate the outer wall of casing 17, be positioned at the bottom position of top cavity, and carry out encapsulation process with the junction of casing 17, every group of tensile axis 10 formed by tensile axis A and tensile axis B, the tensile axis A axle head relative with tensile axis B that is positioned at working chamber 11 inside has test specimen chuck 23 by bolt respectively, another axle head of tensile axis A and tensile axis B all is positioned at outside the casing 17, all be connected with master cylinder 8 on it, master cylinder 8 inside are provided with piston 9, test specimen chuck 23, master cylinder 8, the number of piston 9 is 4; Back-up block 7 is fixed by welding on the outer wall surface of casing 17, and be positioned at tensile axis 10 belows, be used to support tensile axis 10, back-up block 7 and casing 17 are connected in one and play the guiding role, provide enough intensity to guarantee tensile axis 10 stretching reliable in action when the tension test, the quantity of back-up block 7 is 4; Master cylinder 8 can be by being bolted on the base, and the frame of base and casing 17 links together; Test specimen chuck 23 is used for connecting and pretension cruciform testpieces 24, will no longer dismantle after finish the mutual assembling position of master cylinder 8 and tensile axis 10, tensile axis 10 and test specimen chuck 23, tensile axis 10 and casing 17; The material of cruciform testpieces 24 is metal, compound substance, macromolecular material.
Fluid-pressure system comprises hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27 and surplus valve 29; Hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27 comprises low-pressure cavity 26, high pressure chest 25, piston rod and low-pressure cavity piston 28, and low-pressure cavity piston 28 is arranged in low-pressure cavity 26, moves forward and backward convection cell by the low-pressure cavity pistons 28 in the driving low-pressure cavity 26 and carries out supercharging and pressure release; Piston rod is connected with low-pressure cavity piston 28 by bolt, and high pressure chest 25 is connected with working chamber 11 by pressure duct, by piston rod 28 move up (being piston-advance) high-pressure fluid is pressed into working chamber 11.Hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27 is used for hydrodynamic pressure is suppressed to set pressure, high pressure chest 25 by pressure duct with fluid pressure action to cruciform testpieces 24; The high-pressure fluid Adjustable real-time that hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27 produces; Fluid pressure action is on positive and negative two surfaces of cruciform testpieces 24; Surplus valve 29 is connected with low-pressure cavity 26 in the hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27, by setting the pressure of surplus valve 29, and the interior hydrodynamic pressure size of the working chamber 11 of control and balance box 17 indirectly; As required, hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27 and surplus valve 29 can be provided with 1～2 cover; Hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27 can be supercharger, dupler, amplifier, manual pump, electrodynamic pump, common oil cylinder, servo-cylinder, common cylinder, servo cylinder, digital oil cylinder or digital cylinder.
Device for pressure measurement 30 is installed on the outer wall surface of casing 17, mainly comprise pressure duct, pressure transducer and joint, pressure duct by joint by being threaded on the casing 17, and connect with the working chamber 11 of casing 17 inside, working chamber 11 also connects pressure transducer by pressure duct, and the pressure in the real-time testing of the pressure transducer chamber 11 is also exported real time data to data acquisition and treating apparatus 31.
Temperature-detecting device 22 comprises temperature sensor, screw and bearing, and bearing is by on the outer wall surface that is bolted to casing 17, temperature sensor by screw retention on bearing.Temperature-detecting device 22 preferably is provided with 3 covers, is respectively applied for the temperature that detects working chamber 11, the cruciform testpieces 24 in the casing 17 and act on the hydrodynamic pressure on the testpieces, and sends real time data to data acquisition and treating apparatus 31.Temperature sensor can be a contact, is communicated with working chamber 11, cruciform testpieces 24 and the hydrodynamic pressure that acts on the testpieces respectively, and also can be contactless, place casing 17 outer wall places, by visual windows 32 detected temperatures.
Many the cooling ducts 5 of evenly arranging in the outer wall of casing 17, cooling system is connected with casing 17 by cooling duct 5, be used for testing high-temperature material performance test process, casing 17 is cooled off, prevent that Yin Wendu is too high and damage casing 17 and be connected pressure transducer and temperature sensor on casing 17 outer wall surface.
Data acquisition and treating apparatus 31 comprise data necessary demonstration and treatment elements such as graphic alphanumeric display, are connected with device for pressure measurement 30, temperature-detecting device 22 by circuit, are used for the real time data and the figure of real-time collection, processing and demonstration process of the test; Data acquisition and treating apparatus 31 are fixed on the frame and the fixed frame of casing 17 links together;
Described master cylinder 8 is a servo-cylinder; Closed oil cylinder 13 is a servo-cylinder, also can be common oil cylinder.
A kind of bidirectional tensile tester of using the present invention's proposition carries out the method for normal temperature material properties test, specifically comprises following step:
Step 1: test specimen chuck 23 is connected with cruciform testpieces 24 and pretension, and the other end of test specimen chuck 23 is fixed together by bolt and tensile axis 10; Box Cover 12 and casing 17 are assembled together, oil-out 2 usefulness end caps 20, high-temperature seal ring B19 by screw 21 sealings, are guaranteed that the working chamber 11 in the airtight casing is airtight spaces;
Step 2: drive closed oil cylinder 13, make closed oil cylinder 13 produce enough pressure and compress Box Cover 12, guarantee that working chamber 11 is sealing state when test is carried out always;
Step 3: turn-on data collection and treating apparatus 31 before tension test begins, in time handle real time data; Open hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27, producing the high-pressure fluid that continues according to the pressure regulated fluid Pressure generator of setting 27 acts on the cruciform testpieces 24, drive 8 pairs of testpieces of master cylinder 24 then and implement two-way stretch, and pass through the whole process of visual window 32 viewing tests;
Step 4: finish tension test, stop to drive master cylinder 8, close hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27, move backward, working chamber 11 is carried out pressure release by the piston rod that drives in the low-pressure cavity 26; Open Box Cover 12, take out testpieces 24; Open the end cap 20 of oil-out 2, the fluid in the working chamber 11 is discharged and collected, test is finished.
The method that a kind of bidirectional tensile tester that application the present invention proposes carries out the high-temperature material performance test specifically comprises following step:
Step 1: test specimen chuck 23 is connected with cruciform testpieces 24 and pretension, and the other end of test specimen chuck 23 is fixed together by bolt and tensile axis 10; Box Cover 12 and casing 17 are assembled together, oil-out 2 usefulness end caps 20, high-temperature seal ring B19 by screw 21 sealings, are guaranteed that the working chamber 11 in the airtight casing is airtight spaces;
Step 2: drive closed oil cylinder 13, make closed oil cylinder 13 produce enough pressure and compress Box Cover 12, guarantee that working chamber 11 is sealing state when test is carried out always;
Step 3: open hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27, a certain amount of low-pressure fluid is injected in the working chamber 11, close hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27 then;
Step 4: open heating system, begin heating, heat is by the fluid heating of heat conduction with low pressure, and the fluid of heat is heated to cruciform testpieces 24 by heat conduction the temperature of setting again;
Step 5: turn-on data collection and treating apparatus 31, in time handle real time data, open hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27, producing the high-pressure fluid that continues according to the pressure regulated fluid Pressure generator of setting 27 acts on the cruciform testpieces 24, open cooling system simultaneously, casing 17 is carried out suitable cooling, prevent that pressure transducer, temperature sensor Yin Wendu on casing 17 and casing 17 outside surfaces is too high and damage; Drive 8 pairs of testpieces of master cylinder 24 and implement two-way stretch, and by visual window 32 viewing test processes;
Step 6: tension test is finished, and closes heating system and hydrodynamic pressure generation device 27, stops to drive master cylinder 8, moves backward by the piston rod that drives in the low-pressure cavity 26, and working chamber 11 is carried out pressure release;
Step 7: continue cooling, treat that casing 17 temperature near normal temperature, close cooling system; Open Box Cover 12, take out testpieces 24, open the end cap 20 of oil-out 2, the fluid in the working chamber 11 is discharged and collected, test is finished.
Claims (10)
1. a hydrodynamic pressure provides the bidirectional tensile tester of three-dimensional stress, it is characterized in that: comprise stretching device, airtight casing, heating system, fluid-pressure system, temperature-detecting device, device for pressure measurement, cooling system and data acquisition processing device;
Airtight casing comprises Box Cover, visual windows and casing; Described visual windows is assemblied in the Box Cover center; Described casing center has cavity, and this cavity is divided into top cavity and bottom cavity, and the cavity bottom has oil-out; Box Cover is connected by bolt with casing, and visual windows is positioned at the open top of cavity, and closed oil cylinder is exerted pressure and acted on the Box Cover, makes the cavity of casing be in air-tight state; The bottom of casing is fixed on the cushion block, and cushion block is fixed on the frame;
Heating system comprises heat-insulation layer, heating unit and swash partition, the internal side wall of the bottom cavity of casing is equipped with heat-insulation layer outward in turn, heating unit and swash partition, swash partition is mutually concordant with the internal side wall of top cavity, and with the bottom interior wall of cavity, fix respectively between the internal side wall of top cavity, make heat-insulation layer, form heating chamber between heating unit and the swash partition, the internal side wall of top cavity, the outer wall of swash partition, form working chamber between the bottom interior wall of cavity and the visual windows, swash partition is used for heating chamber and working chamber are separated, and prevents that high-pressure fluid from entering heating chamber;
Stretching device comprises master cylinder, piston, tensile axis, back-up block and test specimen chuck, described tensile axis is two groups, be positioned at same level and orthogonal setting, every group of tensile axis level penetrates the outer wall of casing, be positioned at the bottom position of top cavity, and carry out encapsulation process with the junction of casing, every group of tensile axis formed by tensile axis A and tensile axis B, the tensile axis A axle head relative with tensile axis B that is positioned at working chamber inside is fixed with the test specimen chuck respectively, be used for connecting and pretension cruciform testpieces, another axle head of tensile axis A and tensile axis B all is positioned at outside the casing, all is connected with master cylinder on it, and master cylinder inside is provided with piston; The outer wall surface that back-up block is fixed by welding in casing is positioned at place, tensile axis below, is used to support tensile axis; Master cylinder is fixed on the base, and base and frame link together;
Fluid-pressure system comprises hydrodynamic pressure generation device and surplus valve; The hydrodynamic pressure generation device comprises low-pressure cavity, high pressure chest, piston rod and low-pressure cavity piston, the low-pressure cavity piston is arranged in low-pressure cavity, piston rod is connected with the low-pressure cavity piston, and high pressure chest is connected with working chamber by pressure duct, and moving up by piston rod is pressed into working chamber with high-pressure fluid; Surplus valve is connected with low-pressure cavity in the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, by setting the pressure of surplus valve, and the interior hydrodynamic pressure size of the working chamber of control and balance box indirectly;
Device for pressure measurement comprises pressure duct, pressure transducer and joint, and pressure duct, and is connected with the working chamber of box house by being threaded on the cabinet exterior by joint, and working chamber is connected with pressure transducer by pressure duct; Temperature-detecting device comprises temperature sensor, screw and bearing, bearing is fixed on the outer wall surface of casing, temperature sensor, is used to detect working chamber, the cruciform testpieces in the casing and acts on the temperature of the hydrodynamic pressure on the cruciform testpieces on bearing by screw retention; Many the cooling ducts of evenly arranging in the outer wall of casing, cooling system is connected with casing by cooling duct, is used for casing is cooled off; Data acquisition and treating apparatus are connected with device for pressure measurement, temperature-detecting device respectively by circuit, are used for the real time data and the figure of real-time collection, processing and demonstration process of the test.
2. a kind of hydrodynamic pressure according to claim 1 provides the bidirectional tensile tester of three-dimensional stress, it is characterized in that: the material of described visual windows is clear glass or suprasil plate.
3. a kind of hydrodynamic pressure according to claim 1 provides the bidirectional tensile tester of three-dimensional stress, it is characterized in that: the outside surface of described oil-out adopts end cap and high-temperature seal ring, seals by screw.
4. a kind of hydrodynamic pressure according to claim 1 provides the bidirectional tensile tester of three-dimensional stress, it is characterized in that: described heating unit adopts heating tube or resistance wire.
5. a kind of hydrodynamic pressure according to claim 1 provides the bidirectional tensile tester of three-dimensional stress, it is characterized in that: described hydrodynamic pressure generation device and surplus valve are provided with 1～2 cover.
6. a kind of hydrodynamic pressure according to claim 1 provides the bidirectional tensile tester of three-dimensional stress, it is characterized in that: described hydrodynamic pressure generation device is supercharger, dupler, amplifier, manual pump, electrodynamic pump, common oil cylinder, servo-cylinder, common cylinder, servo cylinder, digital oil cylinder or digital cylinder.
7. a kind of hydrodynamic pressure according to claim 1 provides the bidirectional tensile tester of three-dimensional stress, it is characterized in that: described master cylinder is a servo-cylinder.
8. a kind of hydrodynamic pressure according to claim 1 provides the bidirectional tensile tester of three-dimensional stress, it is characterized in that: closed oil cylinder is servo-cylinder or common oil cylinder.
9. application rights requires 1 described a kind of bidirectional tensile tester to carry out the method for normal temperature material properties test, it is characterized in that: specifically comprise following step:
Step 1: the test specimen chuck is connected with the cruciform testpieces and pretension, and the other end and the tensile axis of test specimen chuck are fixed together; Box Cover and casing are assembled together, oil-out is sealed;
Step 2: drive closed oil cylinder, make closed oil cylinder produce pressure and compress Box Cover, guarantee that working chamber is in sealing state;
Step 3: turn-on data collection and treating apparatus before tension test begins; Open the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, the regulated fluid Pressure generator produces the high-pressure fluid that continues and acts on the cruciform testpieces, and drive master cylinder testpieces is implemented two-way stretch, and by visual window viewing test process;
Step 4: finish tension test, stop to drive master cylinder, close the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, move backward, working chamber is carried out pressure release, open Box Cover, take out testpieces by the piston rod that drives in the low-pressure cavity; Open the end cap of oil-out, the fluid in the working chamber is discharged and collected, test is finished.
10. application rights requires the method that 1 described a kind of bidirectional tensile tester carries out the high-temperature material performance test, it is characterized in that: specifically comprise following step:
Step 1: the test specimen chuck is connected with the cruciform testpieces and pretension, and the other end and the tensile axis of test specimen chuck are fixed together; Box Cover and casing are assembled together, oil-out is sealed;
Step 2: drive closed oil cylinder, make closed oil cylinder produce pressure and compress Box Cover, guarantee that working chamber is in sealing state;
Step 3: open the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, a certain amount of low-pressure fluid is injected in the working chamber, close the hydrodynamic pressure generation device then;
Step 4: open heating system, begin heating, heat is by the fluid heating of heat conduction with low pressure, and the fluid of heat heats the cruciform testpieces by heat conduction;
Step 5: turn-on data collection and treating apparatus, open the hydrodynamic pressure generation device, the regulated fluid Pressure generator produces the high-pressure fluid that continues and acts on the cruciform testpieces, opens cooling system simultaneously, and casing is cooled off; Drive master cylinder testpieces is implemented two-way stretch, by visual window viewing test process;
Step 6: tension test is finished, and closes heating system and hydrodynamic pressure generation device, stops to drive master cylinder, moves backward by the piston rod that drives in the low-pressure cavity, and working chamber is carried out pressure release;
Step 7: continue cooling, close cooling system; Open Box Cover, take out testpieces, open the end cap of oil-out, the fluid in the working chamber is discharged and collected, test is finished.
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