CN109059643B - Negative pressure launching mechanism of air cannon - Google Patents
Negative pressure launching mechanism of air cannon Download PDFInfo
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- CN109059643B CN109059643B CN201810838796.6A CN201810838796A CN109059643B CN 109059643 B CN109059643 B CN 109059643B CN 201810838796 A CN201810838796 A CN 201810838796A CN 109059643 B CN109059643 B CN 109059643B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41F—APPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS; LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES; HARPOON GUNS
- F41F1/00—Launching apparatus for projecting projectiles or missiles from barrels, e.g. cannons; Harpoon guns
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Abstract
A negative pressure launching mechanism of an air cannon is characterized in that a piston is positioned in a control air chamber; the gun barrel is arranged in the center of the outer end face of one end of the control air chamber, and the other end of the control air chamber is communicated with the vacuum tank; the output end of the air pump is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the high-pressure air tank and the three-way pipe, when vacuum low-speed impact is needed, the gun barrel and the vacuum tank are both vacuumized, and the pressure of the air chamber and the pressure of the high-pressure air tank are 0 or negative pressure according to the test requirement. When in launching, the launching valve is opened to ensure that the air pressure of the second air chamber is lower than that of the first air chamber; the air in the first air chamber and the high-pressure air tank pushes the piston to move towards the gun barrel, so that the pressure enters the gun barrel to push the bird body to launch. The invention can realize negative pressure emission to the bird body in a vacuum state, simulate the collision process of the bird to the aircraft engine, provide an effective means for the bird collision resistance design of the engine in China, and has important significance for improving the bird collision test technology and the engine design level of the engine in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bird body driving design of a bird hitting system, in particular to a negative pressure launching mechanism.
Background
The bird collision accident refers to an accident caused by collision between flying birds and aircrafts such as airplanes flying in the air. With the rapid development of the civil aviation industry, the civil aircraft bird collision accident becomes one of the most serious security threats of the civil aviation. United states co-aviation reports showed that 89727 of american civil aviation reports of collisions between animals and civil aircraft between 1990 and 2008, 97.4% of which were caused by flying birds. The data shows that the windward side of the aircraft, including the aircraft windshield, radome, engine, wing leading edge, and tail leading edge, are the most vulnerable locations to bird strikes.
The engine is the power source of aircraft, once receive the bird to hit the destruction, catastrophic accident just can be difficult to avoid. Therefore, it is important to solve the problem of bird strike resistance of the engine. The bird is typically accelerated by a launcher and impacts the engine blades at high speed. The bird strike damage of the engine is mainly concentrated on the damage of fan blades, a bird strike test in a static state cannot meet the load state in the bird strike resistance design process, the bird strike test in a rotating state is carried out in a vacuum box due to the power limitation of a rotating tester, if a bird body and high-pressure air of an air cannon enter the vacuum box together, the vacuum box explodes or the tester is damaged due to overload generated by air resistance, and therefore measures must be taken to ensure that the air as little as possible enters the vacuum box, and the bird strike resistance test method has great significance for the bird strike resistance design of the engine.
In 33.76, the aviation engine airworthiness regulation (CCAR33-R2) (second revision of 3/15/2011) made by the Central office of civil aviation of China, the design of the engine must ensure that the engine cannot be stopped and the power loss cannot exceed 25% after the aircraft engine inhales 1.8-3.6 kilograms (4-8 pounds) of birds.
In the invention creation with the publication number of CN101338993A, the inventor proposes a gas valve driving device with a gas source, which is mainly used for bullet driving of a hopkinson rod. In the invention and creation with publication number CN102252562A, the inventor proposes an air floating piston type launching device for bird body launching in bird strike experiments. The two inventions both utilize the pressure difference value at the two ends of the piston to push the piston, so that one end of the air chamber is sealed, thereby ensuring the trend of the air flow during inflation and launching. The common feature of the two inventions is that the low pressure end is at standard atmospheric pressure when the two inventions are inflated or launched, so the air pressure of the air chamber must be higher than the standard atmospheric pressure to work normally. In the invention creation with the publication number of CN205642784U, the inventor proposes an impact experiment vacuum box sealing device, which is used for an impact experiment of a test piece in a vacuum state, and solves the problem that high-pressure gas for driving a projectile body does not enter a vacuum box, and the emission pressure of a gas tank of the impact experiment vacuum box sealing device needs to be positive pressure.
However, in the bird strike engine test, to ensure that the strike occurs under vacuum, the barrel is evacuated along with the vacuum box in which the engine blades are located. When the impact speed is low, the launching pressure of the gas tank is required to be lower than 1 standard atmospheric pressure, and the relative pressure is negative pressure at the moment so as to ensure that the speed of the projectile body meets the requirement, and at the moment, the three inventions cannot be used. At present, no negative pressure bird striking and launching system suitable for the vacuum state is seen at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the requirement of a low impact speed test cannot be met in the prior art, the invention provides an air cannon negative pressure launching mechanism.
The invention comprises a vacuum tank, a control air chamber, a piston, an air pump and a high-pressure air tank, wherein: a piston is located within the control chamber. The control air chamber is divided into a first air chamber and a second air chamber; the end face of one end of the control air chamber is provided with a front flange, and the end face of the other end of the control air chamber is provided with a rear flange. The gun barrel is arranged in the center of the outer end face of the front flange plate; one end of a three-way pipe connected with the vacuum tank penetrates through the rear flange plate to be communicated with the control air chamber. The launching valve is arranged on the three-way pipe and is positioned between the control air chamber and the vacuum tank. The high pressure gas tank is located outside of the control gas chamber and taps into the control gas chamber at a control gas chamber axial length 1/2. The output end of the air pump is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the high-pressure air tank and the three-way pipe through pipelines, and the interface of the air pump and the three-way pipe is positioned between the emission valve and the control air chamber. And a second air inlet valve is arranged on a pipeline between the air pump and the high-pressure air tank, and a first air inlet valve is arranged on a pipeline between the air pump and the three-way pipe.
The piston is composed of a piston rod, an air pressure pushing disc positioned at one end of the piston rod and a supporting disc positioned at the other end of the piston rod. The axial length of the piston is 2/3 which controls the axial length of the chamber of the air chamber; the axial length of the pneumatic pushing disc is 1/6 times the axial length of the piston, and the axial length of the supporting disc is 1/6 times the axial length of the piston.
The diameter of the air pressure pushing disc and the diameter of the supporting disc are the same as the inner diameter of the control air chamber, and the air pressure pushing disc and the supporting disc are in sliding fit with the control air chamber respectively.
4 fan-shaped grooves are symmetrically distributed on the circumference of the supporting disc; and a piston sealing ring is embedded at the outer edge of the outer end face of the supporting disc. The diameter of the piston rod is 1/6 times the diameter of the control air chamber.
The radial depth of the fan-shaped groove on the circumference of the support plate is 1/6 of the diameter of the support plate, and the included angle between two side edges of each fan-shaped groove is 60 DEG
The first air chamber of the control air chamber is a cavity between the air pressure pushing disc and the front flange plate, and the second air chamber is a cavity between the rear flange plate and the air pressure pushing disc.
The invention aims to realize negative pressure drive of a projectile body and complete impact test on a target.
In order to solve the problem of negative pressure launching of the bird body in a vacuum state, the launching valve is connected into the vacuum tank through a pipeline; the control air chamber is internally provided with a piston and is divided into a first air chamber and a second air chamber, the first air chamber is used for storing and releasing high-pressure air used for launching the bird body, and the second air chamber is used for the motion stroke of the piston during launching. Before the negative pressure bird strike experiment begins, the vacuum tank and the gun barrel are firstly vacuumized. The first air inlet valve controls the air pump to input high-pressure air into the second air chamber from one end of the rear flange of the air chamber, and the pressure of the high-pressure air is more than 1.5 times of that of the emitted air. After the high-pressure gas enters the second air chamber, the air pressure pushing end of the piston moves towards the gun barrel direction due to the pressure difference between the two sides and abuts against the inner end face of the front flange plate, and the piston sealing ring enables the first air chamber and the gun barrel to be isolated and in a sealing state. After the second air chamber is inflated, the second air inlet valve is used for inflating the high-pressure air tank and the first air chamber, a sealed space is formed between the piston and the first air chamber due to the sealing effect of the piston sealing ring, high-pressure air can be sealed in the first air chamber, and the air pressure in the first air chamber is higher than the air pressure in the gun barrel. After the first air chamber is inflated, the launching valve is opened, and high-pressure air sealed in the second air chamber enters the vacuum tank through the pipeline, so that the air pressure of the second air chamber is suddenly reduced. The first air chamber is still high-pressure air, and the piston moves towards one end of the rear flange plate under the action of the high air pressure of the first air chamber until the piston abuts against the rear flange plate due to unbalanced stress of the air pressure pushing end of the piston. The piston seal ring is separated from the front flange plate by the movement of the piston, the air chamber is communicated with the gun barrel, the sealed high-pressure air can enter the gun barrel from the high-pressure air tank through the first air chamber instantly, and the high-pressure air can push the bird body in the gun barrel to accelerate, so that the bird collision test is realized.
When a bird collision test is carried out, the speed of a bird body is high or low, and because the gun barrel is in a vacuum state, when a low-speed bird collision is required, the launching pressure of an air gun is possibly required to be 0 or even negative pressure; since the gun barrel pressure is vacuum, the shooting speed at this time is equivalent to the shooting speed at which the high-pressure gas tank pressure is 1 standard atmosphere when the test is performed in the atmospheric environment. The existing gas gun launching mechanism can not work normally under the condition that the launching pressure is 0 or negative pressure, so that a vacuum tank is connected to a launching valve of the launching mechanism. When vacuum low-speed impact is needed, the gun barrel and the vacuum tank are both vacuumized, and the pressure of the first air chamber and the pressure of the high-pressure air tank are 0 or negative pressure according to test requirements. The launching valve is opened during launching, because the launching valve is connected with the vacuum tank, the air pressure of the second air chamber is lower than that of the first air chamber, the air in the first air chamber and the high-pressure air tank pushes the piston to move towards the rear flange plate, and the air in the first air chamber and the high-pressure air tank enters the gun barrel to push the bird body to launch.
Foreign object inhalation damage is a problem which must be carefully treated in the design of civil aircraft engines in the service process of the aircraft engines. When the engine sucks in various foreign objects such as birds, rocks, sand, bolts or rivets, the blades of the engine may be damaged by the impact of the foreign objects. Among them, the damage of bird strike is the greatest. The negative pressure launching mechanism is adopted, so that negative pressure launching on the bird body in a vacuum state can be realized, and the impact process of the bird on the aircraft engine is simulated. The invention can solve the problem that the prior projectile body speed can only start a test from a higher speed, and because the invention can realize negative pressure launching, the pressure of the high-pressure gas tank can be freely adjusted from negative pressure to positive pressure, the projectile body speed can be randomly controlled from low to high. Therefore, the difference of the damage effect of the projectile body speed from low to high on the engine can be simulated, an effective means is provided for the bird strike resistance design of the engine in China, and the method has important significance for improving the bird strike test technology and the engine design level of the engine in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of negative pressure firing in a firing state;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the piston.
In the figure:
1. a firing valve; 2. a first intake valve; 3. a piston seal ring; 4. controlling the air chamber; 5. a piston; 6. a gun barrel; 7. a three-way pipe; 8. a rear flange plate; 9. a front flange plate; 10. a bird body; 11. a vacuum tank; 12. a high pressure gas tank; 13. an air pump; 14. a second intake valve.
Detailed Description
Example one
The embodiment is an air cannon negative pressure launching mechanism, which comprises a vacuum tank 11, a control air chamber 4, a piston 5, an air pump 13 and a high-pressure air tank 12, wherein the components adopt the prior art.
In this embodiment, the piston 5 is located within the control air chamber 4. The control air chamber 4 is tubular and is made of high-strength materials. The end face of one end of the control air chamber is provided with a front flange 9, and the end face of the other end of the control air chamber is provided with a rear flange 8. The gun barrel 6 is arranged in the center of the outer end face of the front flange plate; one end of a three-way pipe 7 connected with the vacuum tank 11 passes through the rear flange 8 and is communicated with the control air chamber. The launching valve 1 is arranged on the three-way pipe 7 and is positioned between the control air chamber and the vacuum tank. The high pressure gas tank 12 is located outside of the control gas chamber and taps into the control gas chamber at a control gas chamber axial length 1/2. The output end of the air pump 13 is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the high-pressure air tank 12 and the three-way pipe 7 through pipelines, and the interface of the air pump and the three-way pipe 7 is positioned between the emission valve 1 and the control air chamber 4. And a second air inlet valve 14 is arranged on a pipeline between the air pump and the high-pressure air tank, and a first air inlet valve 2 is arranged on a pipeline between the air pump and the three-way pipe.
In this embodiment, the piston 5 is composed of a piston rod, a pneumatic pushing plate at one end of the piston rod, and a supporting plate at the other end of the piston rod. The axial length of the piston is 2/3 which controls the axial length of the chamber of the air chamber; the axial length of the pneumatic pushing disc is 1/6 times the axial length of the piston, and the axial length of the supporting disc is 1/6 times the axial length of the piston. The diameter of the air pressure pushing disc and the diameter of the supporting disc are both the same as the inner diameter of the control air chamber 4, and the air pressure pushing disc and the supporting disc are respectively in sliding fit with the control air chamber.
4 fan-shaped grooves are symmetrically distributed on the circumference of the supporting disc, the radial depth of each fan-shaped groove is 1/6 of the diameter of the supporting disc, and the included angle between two side edges of each fan-shaped groove is 60 degrees. The fan-shaped grooves enable 4 fan-shaped cavities to be formed between the supporting disc and the inner wall of the control air chamber 4, and the cavities can guarantee that air pressures at two ends of the supporting disc are consistent. A piston seal ring 3 made of rubber is embedded at the outer edge of the outer end face of the supporting disc; the inner diameter of the piston sealing ring is larger than the inner diameter of the gun barrel 6, and the outer diameter of the piston sealing ring is smaller than the minimum diameter of the sector groove bottom on the supporting disc.
The diameter of the piston rod is 1/6 times the diameter of the control air chamber 4. Installation during piston 5, 8 one end of back ring flange that atmospheric pressure promotes the dish to be located control air chamber 4, divide into first air chamber and second air chamber with control air chamber 4 through this atmospheric pressure promotion dish, wherein first air chamber is the air chamber between atmospheric pressure promotion dish and the preceding ring flange 9, the second air chamber promotes the air chamber between the dish for back ring flange 8 and atmospheric pressure, the pressure control piston 5 motion through controlling first air chamber and second air chamber, then control high-pressure gas jar 12 and gun barrel 6's isolation and opening, realize aerifing and the transmission of gas gun.
Before the negative pressure bird strike experiment is started, the vacuum tank 11 and the gun barrel 6 are vacuumized. The first air inlet valve fan-shaped groove 2 controls the air pump 13 to input high-pressure air into the second air chamber from one end of the rear flange 8 of the control air chamber 4, and the pressure of the high-pressure air is 1.5 times of that of the emitted air. After the high-pressure gas enters the second air chamber, the air pressure pushing end of the piston 5 moves towards the gun barrel 6 due to the pressure difference between the two sides and abuts against the inner end face of the front flange 9, and the piston sealing ring 3 enables the first air chamber and the gun barrel 6 to be isolated and in a sealing state. After the second air chamber is inflated, the high-pressure air tank 12 and the first air chamber are inflated by utilizing the second air inlet valve fan-shaped groove 14, a sealed space is formed between the piston 5 and the first air chamber due to the sealing effect of the piston sealing ring 3, high-pressure air can be sealed in the first air chamber, and the air pressure in the first air chamber is higher than the air pressure in the gun barrel 6. After the first air chamber is inflated, the launching valve 1 is opened, and high-pressure air sealed in the second air chamber enters the vacuum tank 11 through the three-way pipe 7, so that the air pressure of the second air chamber is suddenly reduced. And the first air chamber is still high-pressure gas, and because the air pressure pushing end of the piston 5 is unbalanced in stress, the piston 5 moves towards one end of the rear flange 8 under the action of the high air pressure of the first air chamber until the piston abuts against the rear flange 8. The piston 5 moves to enable the piston sealing ring 3 to be separated from the front flange plate 9, the air chamber 4 is controlled to be communicated with the gun barrel 6, the sealed high-pressure air can enter the gun barrel 6 from the first air chamber and the high-pressure air tank 12 instantly, and the high-pressure air can push the bird body 10 in the gun barrel 6 to accelerate, so that a bird collision test is realized.
When a bird strike test is carried out, the speed of the bird body 10 is high or low, the gun tube 6 is in a vacuum state, when a low-speed bird strike is required, the launching pressure of the air gun is 0, and the pressure of the gun tube 6 is in a vacuum state, so that the launching speed at the moment is equivalent to the launching speed when the pressure of the high-pressure air tank is 1 standard atmospheric pressure when the test is carried out in an atmospheric environment, and even is negative pressure. The prior gas gun launching mechanism can not work normally under the condition that the launching pressure is 0 or negative pressure, and therefore a vacuum tank 11 is connected to a launching valve 1 of the launching mechanism. When needing the impact of vacuum low-speed, all evacuation with barrel 6 and vacuum tank 11, according to experimental needs this moment, control air chamber 4 and high-pressure gas jar 12 pressure are 0 or negative pressure, open launching valve 1 during the transmission, because launching valve 1 even has vacuum tank 11, the air in control air chamber 4 and the high-pressure gas jar 12 promotes piston 5 and moves to the barrel direction, and the air in the high-pressure gas jar 12 then gets into barrel 6 and promotes the transmission of bird body 10.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides an air bubble negative pressure launching mechanism which characterized in that, includes vacuum tank, control air chamber, piston, air pump and high-pressure gas pitcher, wherein: the piston is positioned in the control air chamber; the control air chamber is divided into a first air chamber and a second air chamber; the end face of one end of the control air chamber is provided with a front flange plate, and the end face of the other end of the control air chamber is provided with a rear flange plate; the gun barrel is arranged in the center of the outer end face of the front flange plate; one end of a three-way pipe connected with the vacuum tank penetrates through the rear flange plate to be communicated with the control air chamber; the launching valve is arranged on the three-way pipe and is positioned between the control air chamber and the vacuum tank; the high-pressure gas tank is positioned outside the control gas chamber and is connected to the control gas chamber at the axial length 1/2 of the control gas chamber; the output end of the air pump is respectively communicated with the air inlet of the high-pressure air tank and the three-way pipe through pipelines, and the interface of the air pump and the three-way pipe is positioned between the emission valve and the control air chamber; a second air inlet valve is arranged on a pipeline between the air pump and the high-pressure air tank, and a first air inlet valve is arranged on a pipeline between the air pump and the three-way pipe;
the piston consists of a piston rod, an air pressure pushing disc positioned at one end of the piston rod and a supporting disc positioned at the other end of the piston rod; the axial length of the piston is 2/3 which controls the axial length of the chamber of the air chamber; the axial length of the pneumatic pushing disc is 1/6 of the axial length of the piston, and the axial length of the supporting disc is 1/6 of the axial length of the piston;
the diameter of the pneumatic pushing disc and the diameter of the supporting disc are both the same as the inner diameter of the control air chamber, and the pneumatic pushing disc and the supporting disc are respectively in sliding fit with the control air chamber;
four fan-shaped grooves are symmetrically distributed on the circumference of the supporting disc; a piston sealing ring is embedded at the outer edge of the outer end face of the supporting disc; the diameter of the piston rod is 1/6 times the diameter of the control air chamber.
2. The air cannon negative pressure launching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the radial depth of the sector groove on the circumference of the support plate is 1/6 degrees of the diameter of the support plate, and the included angle between the two side edges of each sector groove is 60 degrees.
3. The air cannon negative pressure launching mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first air chamber of the control air chamber is a cavity between the air pressure thrust plate and the front flange, and the second air chamber is a cavity between the rear flange and the air pressure thrust plate.
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| CN201810838796.6A CN109059643B (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Negative pressure launching mechanism of air cannon |
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| CN201810838796.6A CN109059643B (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2018-07-27 | Negative pressure launching mechanism of air cannon |
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| CN109059643B true CN109059643B (en) | 2020-06-16 |
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| CN109059643A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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