CN109057739B - Hydraulic control type underground fishing tool - Google Patents

Hydraulic control type underground fishing tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109057739B
CN109057739B CN201811055525.XA CN201811055525A CN109057739B CN 109057739 B CN109057739 B CN 109057739B CN 201811055525 A CN201811055525 A CN 201811055525A CN 109057739 B CN109057739 B CN 109057739B
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fish
slips
mandrel
pin
piston
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CN109057739A (en
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汤历平
王成涛
祝效华
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Southwest Petroleum University
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Southwest Petroleum University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B31/00Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
    • E21B31/12Grappling tools, e.g. tongs or grabs
    • E21B31/18Grappling tools, e.g. tongs or grabs gripping externally, e.g. overshot

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic control type underground fishing tool, which mainly comprises a joint, a sealing ring, a sliding sleeve, a fixed pin, a piston, a shell, a steel ball, a slip, a mandrel, a screw, a reset spring, a stroke pin, a pin spring and a semi-circular key. Stopping the lowering when the lowering device is 1-2m away from the top of the fish, and recording the total weight of the suspension at the moment. And then starting a mud pump to wash the fish, closing the mud pump after the fish is washed clean, and continuing to slowly put down the fishing tool. When the suspended weight falls back, the lowering is stopped, the drill string is tried to be lifted, and when the fish is confirmed to be caught, the device is lifted, and the fish is taken out. If the fish is caught, the tool pipe column is lowered, the lowering is stopped when the weight indicator falls back to be lower than the hanging weight, the slurry pump is started for about 10 seconds, then the pipe column is lifted, and the tool can be withdrawn from the fish.

Description

Hydraulic control type underground fishing tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fishing tool, in particular to a hydraulic control type underground fishing tool, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum engineering or mechanical engineering.
Background
At present, the exploitation of many oil and gas wells in China enters the middle and later stages, the well depth is large, the underground environment is complex, underground accidents also increase year by year, and the most prominent is the falling of underground tools or pipe columns. If the treatment is not carried out in time, the construction period can be delayed, and the scrapping of an oil-gas well can be caused in severe cases, so that huge economic loss is brought. The most common method of dealing with a drop in a downhole tool or string is to use a fishing tool to perform the fishing operation.
The fishing tools adopted in China are mostly slips returnable fishing tools, and the fallen fish is bitten by the multi-clack slips with the back-off to be taken out from the well bottom. If the fish cannot be normally removed by jamming, the fishing tool is typically withdrawn from the fish by rotating the drill string or raising and lowering the drill string. However, both of these approaches have their drawbacks: the fishing tool is withdrawn in the horizontal well by rotating the drill column, so that the operation difficulty is high, the drill column is not easy to rotate, and the rotation angle is not easy to control; the fishing tool is withdrawn by lifting and lowering the drill column, if the drill column needs to be lifted and lowered to release the clamp in the fishing process, the fishing tool cannot be well realized, the falling fish is easy to fall off, and the fishing fails. Therefore, the development of a fishing tool which can be tried in various well conditions is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the difficulties and particularly provides a hydraulic control type underground fishing tool which is used for fishing the fallen fishes when accidents happen to different well types.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the utility model provides a hydraulic control type fishing tool in pit, mainly comprises joint, sealing washer, sliding sleeve, fixed pin, piston, shell, steel ball, slips, dabber, screw, reset spring, stroke pin, pin spring, semicircle key, its characterized in that: the joint is connected with the mandrel through threads, and a pin hole for installing a fixing pin and a pin spring is formed in the joint; the piston is arranged in the joint, the upper end of the piston is provided with a ring groove matched with the fixing pin, two sides of the ring groove are provided with inclined planes, and the middle part of the piston is provided with a stroke groove for controlling the stroke of the piston; the fixing pin is arranged in the pin hole of the joint, and the other end of the fixing pin is inserted in the ring groove of the piston; the shell is sleeved on the joint and is limited to rotate in the circumferential direction through the semicircular key, the shell is provided with two annular holes, two steel bead grooves, two screw holes and two key grooves, and the two annular holes are symmetrically distributed in the circumferential direction of the shell; the reset spring is sleeved on the piston, the upper end of the reset spring acts on the step of the piston, and the lower end of the reset spring acts on the upper end of the mandrel; the slips are provided with arc grooves, longitudinal grooves, back-off grooves and conical cavities, and the number of the longitudinal grooves is four and the longitudinal grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the slips; the steel balls are arranged in a circular groove formed by matching the shell with the slips; the slip is assembled on the mandrel and is connected with the shell through steel balls, and a component formed by the shell and the slip can axially move along the joint and the mandrel; the lower end of the mandrel is conical and is used for opening the slips to enable the slips to bite the fish; when fishing operation is carried out, the specification of the fishing tool is selected according to the size of a fish dropping water hole, and the outer diameter of the slip is 1-3mm larger than the size of the fish dropping water hole; when fishing operation is carried out, the fishing tool is connected to the lowest part of a downhole drill string, the drill string is lowered, when the fishing tool enters a fish dropping water hole, the slips are propped by the fish to stop moving downwards due to the fact that the size of the slips is larger than that of the fish dropping water hole, and at the moment, the connector and the mandrel continue to move downwards; when the slips, the shell and the sliding sleeve are propped against by the joint, the fishing tool is continuously lowered, the slips can be compressed into the inner cavity of the fish, and the slips can generate radial force to bite the fish; then the fishing tool is lifted, because the slips bite the fish, the shell and the slips connected with the shell through the steel balls move downwards relative to the mandrel under the pulling force of the fish, so that a conical cavity of the slips is contacted with a conical surface at the lower end of the mandrel, the slips are spread and further bite the fish, and the fish can be taken out by lifting the drill string; if the fish is too tightly clamped in the well and cannot be normally taken out, the fishing tool is lowered, the slips bite the fish and cannot move downwards, and the joint and the mandrel move downwards under the action of the drill string, so that the conical surface of the mandrel is separated from the conical cavity of the slips; when the slip, the shell and the sliding sleeve are abutted by the joint, the drilling pump is started, drilling fluid pushes the piston to move downwards, and the fixing pin is extruded out of the annular groove of the piston and inserted into the annular hole of the shell; in the process that the piston moves downwards, the stroke pin moves upwards relative to the stroke groove, and when the stroke pin reaches the top of the stroke groove, the stroke pin can be clamped into a corner of the stroke groove; after the pump is stopped, the piston cannot be restored to the initial position under the action of the stroke pin, so that the fixing pin cannot retract and is stabilized in the annular hole, the shell and the slip are fixed with the joint, and the conical surface of the mandrel and the conical cavity of the slip are still in a separated state; and lifting the fishing tool, wherein the conical surface of the mandrel does not interact with the conical cavity of the slip, the acting force between the slip and the fish is only from the radial force generated by the slip due to the shrinkage, but the fish is stuck, so that the fishing tool can still be taken out of the well and the fish cannot be taken out.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: (1) the invention adopts the mode of starting and stopping the drilling mud pump to control the fishing tool to withdraw from the fallen fish, and the fishing tool can be taken out even if the fallen fish is too tightly clamped and can not be taken out; (2) the fishing tool can stably bite the fish in the lifting process by the expansion mode of matching the conical surface with the conical cavity to prevent the fish from falling off, and when the fish is too tight to be taken out, the piston can be locked by matching the stroke pin and the stroke groove, so that the fishing tool can freely advance and retreat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulically controlled downhole fishing tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a retainer pin of a hydraulically controlled fishing tool of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a piston of a hydraulic control type downhole fishing tool of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the configuration of the housing of a hydraulically controlled fishing tool of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is another schematic view of the housing of a hydraulically controlled fishing tool of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a slip arrangement for a hydraulically controlled downhole fishing tool according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the novel hydraulic cylinder comprises a joint, 2 parts of a sealing ring, 3 parts of a sliding sleeve, 4 parts of a fixing pin, 5 parts of a piston, 5a parts of an annular groove, 5b parts of a stroke groove, 6 parts of a shell, 6a parts of an annular hole, 6b parts of a steel ball groove, 6c parts of a screw hole, 6d parts of a key groove, 7 parts of a steel ball, 8 parts of a slip, 8a parts of an arc groove, 8b parts of a longitudinal groove, 8c parts of an inverted buckle, 8d parts of a conical cavity, 9 parts of a mandrel, 10 parts of a screw, 11 parts of a reset spring, 12 parts of a stroke pin, 13 parts of a pin spring and 14 parts of a semicircular key.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1-7, a hydraulic control type downhole fishing tool mainly comprises a joint 1, a sealing ring 2, a sliding sleeve 3, a fixing pin 4, a piston 5, a shell 6, a steel ball 7, a slip 8, a mandrel 9, a screw 10, a return spring 11, a stroke pin 12, a pin spring 13 and a half-round key 14, and is characterized in that: the joint 1 is connected with the mandrel 9 through threads, and a pin hole for installing the fixing pin 4 and the pin spring 13 is formed in the joint 1; the piston 5 is arranged in the joint 1, the upper end of the piston is provided with a ring groove 5a matched with the fixing pin 4, two sides of the ring groove are provided with inclined planes, and the middle part of the piston 5 is provided with a stroke groove 5b used for controlling the stroke of the piston 5; the fixing pin 4 is arranged in a pin hole of the joint 1, and the other end of the fixing pin is inserted in a ring groove 5a of the piston 5; the outer shell 6 is sleeved on the joint 1, the circumferential rotation of the outer shell 6 is limited through the semicircular key 14, the outer shell 6 is provided with two annular holes 6a, two steel ball grooves 6b, two screw holes 6c and two key grooves 6d, and the two annular holes 6a are symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer shell 6; the return spring 11 is sleeved on the piston 5, the upper end of the return spring acts on the step of the piston 5, and the lower end of the return spring acts on the upper end of the mandrel 9; the slip 8 is provided with arc grooves 8a, longitudinal grooves 8b, back-off buckles 8c and conical cavities 8d, and the number of the longitudinal grooves 8b is four and the longitudinal grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the slip 8; the steel ball 7 is arranged in a circular groove formed by matching the shell 6 and the slips 8; the slips 8 are assembled on the mandrel 9 and connected with the shell 6 through steel balls 7, and a component formed by the shell 6 and the slips 8 can axially move along the joint 1 and the mandrel 9; the lower end of the mandrel 9 is conical and is used for expanding the slips 8 to enable the slips to bite the fish; when fishing operation is carried out, the specification of the fishing tool is selected according to the size of the fish dropping water hole, and the outer diameter of the slips 8 is 1-3mm larger than the size of the fish dropping water hole; when fishing operation is carried out, the fishing tool is connected to the lowest part of a downhole drill string, the drill string is lowered, when the fishing tool enters a fish dropping water hole, the slips 8 are propped by the fish to stop moving downwards due to the fact that the size of the slips 8 is larger than that of the fish dropping water hole, and at the moment, the connector 1 and the mandrel 9 continue to move downwards; when the slips 8, the shell 6 and the sliding sleeve 3 are resisted by the joint 1, the fishing tool is continuously lowered, the slips 8 can be compressed into the inner cavity of the fish, and the slips 8 can generate radial force to bite the fish; then the fishing tool is lifted, because the slips 8 bite the fish, the shell 6 and the slips 8 connected with the shell through the steel balls 7 move downwards relative to the mandrel under the pulling force of the fish, so that the conical cavity 8d of the slips 8 is contacted with the conical surface at the lower end of the mandrel 9, the slips 8 are expanded and further bite the fish, and the drill string is lifted to take out the fish; if the fish is too tightly clamped in the well and cannot be normally taken out, the fishing tool is lowered down, the slips 8 bite the fish and cannot move downwards, and the joint 1 and the mandrel 9 move downwards under the action of the drill string, so that the conical surface of the mandrel 9 is separated from the conical cavity 8d of the slips 8; when the slips 8, the shell 6 and the sliding sleeve 3 are resisted by the joint 1, the drilling pump is started, drilling fluid pushes the piston 5 to move downwards, and the fixing pin 4 is extruded out of the annular groove 5a of the piston 5 and inserted into the annular hole 6a of the shell 6; during the downward movement of the piston 5, the stroke pin 12 moves upward relative to the stroke slot 5b, and when the stroke pin 12 reaches the top of the stroke slot 5b, the stroke pin will be clamped into the corner of the stroke slot 5 b; after the pump is stopped, the piston 5 cannot return to the initial position under the action of the travel pin 12, so that the fixing pin 4 cannot retract and is stabilized in the annular hole 6a, at the moment, the shell 6 and the slip 8 are fixed with the joint 1, and the conical surface of the mandrel 9 and the conical cavity 8d of the slip 8 are still in a separated state; the fishing tool is lifted, because the conical surface of the mandrel 9 does not interact with the conical cavity 8d of the slips 8, the acting force between the slips 8 and the fish is only from the radial force generated by the shrinkage of the slips 8, but the fish is stuck, so the fishing tool can still be taken out of the well and the fish cannot be taken out.
The second embodiment is as follows:
during fishing operation, the fishing tool is connected to the lowest part of the underground pipe column, and the tool is put into the well after the threads are screwed down. When the lowering device is 1-2m from the top of the fish, the lowering is stopped and the total weight of the suspension at that time is recorded. And then starting a mud pump to flush the fish, closing the mud pump after the fish is flushed, and continuing to slowly transfer the fishing tool. When the hanging weight falls back, the lowering is stopped, the drill string is tried to be lifted, and after the fish is confirmed to be caught, the device is lifted, and the fish is taken out. And if the fish is caught in the fishing, lowering the tool pipe column, stopping lowering when the weight indicator falls back to be lower than the hanging weight, starting the slurry pump for about 10 seconds, and then lifting the pipe column to withdraw the tool from the fish.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present system.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a hydraulic control type fishing tool in pit mainly comprises joint (1), sealing washer (2), sliding sleeve (3), fixed pin (4), piston (5), shell (6), steel ball (7), slips (8), dabber (9), screw (10), reset spring (11), stroke pin (12), pin spring (13), semicircle key (14), its characterized in that: the joint (1) is in threaded connection with the mandrel (9), and a pin hole for installing the fixing pin (4) and the pin spring (13) is formed in the joint (1); the piston (5) is installed in the joint (1), the upper end of the piston is provided with a ring groove (5a) matched with the fixing pin (4), two sides of the ring groove are provided with inclined planes, and the middle part of the piston (5) is provided with a stroke groove (5b) for controlling the stroke of the piston (5); the fixing pin (4) is arranged in a pin hole of the joint (1), and the other end of the fixing pin is inserted into a ring groove (5a) of the piston (5); the outer shell (6) is sleeved on the joint (1) and limits circumferential rotation of the outer shell (6) through a semicircular key (14), annular holes (6a), steel ball grooves (6b), screw holes (6c) and key grooves (6d) are formed in the outer shell (6), and the number of the annular holes (6a) is two and the annular holes are symmetrically distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer shell (6); the return spring (11) is sleeved on the piston (5), the upper end of the return spring acts on the step of the piston (5), and the lower end of the return spring acts on the upper end of the mandrel (9); the slip (8) is provided with arc grooves (8a), longitudinal grooves (8b), back-off buttons (8c) and conical cavities (8d), and the number of the longitudinal grooves (8b) is four and the longitudinal grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the slip (8); the steel balls (7) are arranged in a circular groove formed by matching the shell (6) and the slips (8); the slip (8) is assembled on the mandrel (9) and is connected with the shell (6) through the steel balls (7), and a component formed by the shell (6) and the slip (8) can axially move along the joint (1) and the mandrel (9); the lower end of the mandrel (9) is conical and is used for opening the slips (8) so that the slips can bite the fish; when fishing operation is carried out, the specification of the fishing tool is selected according to the size of the fish dropping water hole, and the outer diameter of the slips (8) is 1-3mm larger than the size of the fish dropping water hole; when fishing operation is carried out, the fishing tool is connected to the lowest part of a downhole drill string, the drill string is lowered, when the fishing tool enters a fish dropping water hole, the slip (8) is propped by the fish to stop moving downwards due to the fact that the size of the slip (8) is larger than that of the fish dropping water hole, and at the moment, the connector (1) and the mandrel (9) continue to move downwards; when the slips (8), the shell (6) and the sliding sleeve (3) are propped against by the joint (1), the fishing tool is continuously lowered, the slips (8) can be compressed into the inner cavity of the fish, and the slips (8) can generate radial force to bite the fish; then the fishing tool is lifted, because the slips (8) bite the fish, the shell (6) and the slips (8) connected with the shell through the steel balls (7) move downwards relative to the mandrel under the pulling force of the fish, so that a conical cavity (8d) of the slips (8) is contacted with a conical surface at the lower end of the mandrel (9), the slips (8) are spread and further bite the fish, and the fish can be taken out by lifting the drill string; if the fish is too tightly clamped in the well and cannot be normally taken out, the fishing tool is lowered, the slips (8) bite the fish and cannot move downwards, and the joint (1) and the mandrel (9) move downwards under the action of the drill string, so that the conical surface of the mandrel (9) is separated from the conical cavity (8d) of the slips (8); when the slips (8), the shell (6) and the sliding sleeve (3) are resisted by the joint (1), the drilling pump is started, drilling fluid pushes the piston (5) to move downwards, and the fixing pin (4) is extruded out of the annular groove (5a) of the piston (5) and inserted into the annular hole (6a) of the shell (6); during the downward movement of the piston (5), the stroke pin (12) moves upwards relative to the stroke groove (5b), and when the stroke pin (12) reaches the top of the stroke groove (5b), the stroke pin can be clamped into the corner of the stroke groove (5 b); after the pump is stopped, the piston (5) cannot be restored to the initial position under the action of the travel pin (12), so that the fixing pin (4) cannot retract and is stabilized in the annular hole (6a), the shell (6) and the slip (8) are fixed with the joint (1), and the conical surface of the mandrel (9) and the conical cavity (8d) of the slip (8) are still in a separated state; and (3) lifting the fishing tool, wherein the conical surface of the mandrel (9) and the conical cavity (8d) of the slip (8) do not interact, and the acting force between the slip (8) and the fallen fish only comes from the radial force generated by the shrinkage of the slip (8), but the fallen fish is clamped, so that the fishing tool can still be taken out of the well and the fallen fish cannot be taken out.
CN201811055525.XA 2018-09-11 2018-09-11 Hydraulic control type underground fishing tool Active CN109057739B (en)

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CN109057739B true CN109057739B (en) 2022-06-21

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109723400B (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-05-20 贵州航天凯山石油仪器有限公司 Fishing structure for downhole instrument
CN114562228B (en) * 2022-03-08 2023-06-02 西南石油大学 Drilling accident handling device for improving well integrity
CN114687698B (en) * 2022-04-21 2023-07-18 西南石油大学 Removable bridge plug unclamping and fishing tool
CN114687689B (en) * 2022-04-21 2023-06-23 西南石油大学 Recyclable bridge plug throwing tool

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CN201778716U (en) * 2010-08-05 2011-03-30 大港油田集团有限责任公司 Sealed spear
CN202249882U (en) * 2011-09-20 2012-05-30 中国石油天然气集团公司 Hydraulic returnable slip overshot
CN203515431U (en) * 2013-11-19 2014-04-02 通化市前进石油机械有限公司 Withdrawable fishing spear
CN205823221U (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-12-21 西南石油大学 One is novel drags for lance

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US8365826B2 (en) * 2009-08-06 2013-02-05 Tiw Corporation Hydraulically powered fishing tool and method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2182217C1 (en) * 2001-03-11 2002-05-10 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Научно-Производственное Предприятие "Буринтех" Releasing mechanical spear
CN201778716U (en) * 2010-08-05 2011-03-30 大港油田集团有限责任公司 Sealed spear
CN202249882U (en) * 2011-09-20 2012-05-30 中国石油天然气集团公司 Hydraulic returnable slip overshot
CN203515431U (en) * 2013-11-19 2014-04-02 通化市前进石油机械有限公司 Withdrawable fishing spear
CN205823221U (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-12-21 西南石油大学 One is novel drags for lance

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