CN109057714A - A kind of PDC drill bit - Google Patents
A kind of PDC drill bit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109057714A CN109057714A CN201811186053.1A CN201811186053A CN109057714A CN 109057714 A CN109057714 A CN 109057714A CN 201811186053 A CN201811186053 A CN 201811186053A CN 109057714 A CN109057714 A CN 109057714A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- rock
- drill bit
- pdc
- electron beam
- water hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 74
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000031636 Body Temperature Changes Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of PDC drill bit, including bit body, fixing wing, PDC tooth, water hole or nozzle, it is characterized by: at least one electron beam generator is arranged on the wing of drill bit, the electron beam generator includes power supply and control system, pumped vacuum systems, electron gun system, focusing system, and drill bit center portion is provided with center water hole.When passing through rock by electron beam, due to the ionization and excitation of dielectric atom, by electronics speed energy transmission to rock, it can produce a large amount of heat, by heat spall fractured rock, rock is met water by center water hole and is cooled down suddenly under the condition of high temperature, due to rock body temperature change dramatically, in rock interior formation temperature gradient, thermal fracture or thermal shock phenomenon are generated in rock, lead to a variety of mechanics property-deteriorations of rock, drill bit is that heat spall and PDC tooth are scraped and cut two ways coupling broken rock, improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit, it can reduce PDC tooth wedging stratum difficulty, extend the service life of PDC tooth, promote the comprehensive performance of drill bit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil-gas drilling engineering, mine engineering, building foundation engineering constructions, geological drilling, tunnel
A kind of technical equipment such as engineering, the hydrology and no-dig technique field, and in particular to PDC drill bit.
Background technique
PDC drill bit by high rigidity, it is wear-resisting, from sharp composite polycrystal-diamond (abbreviation PDC tooth or cutting tooth) conduct
Cutting element is sheared and fractured rock.PDC drill bit rate of penetration in soft-medium hard formation is high, the service life is long, and drilling cost is low,
Therefore it is used widely in the drilling of oil/gas well.
In oil/gas drilling engineering, the geological conditions on stratum is often very complicated, the mud shale and argillaceous sandstone of deep formation
Deng under the conditions of overlying formation pressure and high density drilling fluid, not only density and hardness increases, but also from the brittleness under normal pressure
For rock to modeling brittle rock or plastic rock conversion, drillability is very poor, in addition the hydraulic energy wretched insufficiency of deep well section, cannot
The effect of waterpower auxiliary rock is effectively played, the speed of drilling is at a fairly low.Drill bit will often pass through the stratum of a variety of different lithologies, this
A little stratum not only include the incompetent bed for being easier to bore that compares, but also including the poor hard formation of drillability, high abrasive stratum, modeling
Property stratum, soft or hard staggered alternating layers, steep stratum of height containing the serious heterogeneity stratum such as gravel and high inclination-angle etc..These complexity
Formation condition is easy to cause the extraordinary failure of PDC drill bit, or drilling effect of the drill bit under Special Drilling Operation process conditions is made to be deteriorated,
Only it is difficult to meet present drilling well demand by mechanical broken rock.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of PDC brill in view of the deficiency of the prior art
Head, when passing through rock by electron beam, since the ionization and excitation of dielectric atom can be produced by electronics speed energy transmission to rock
Raw a large amount of heat, by heat spall fractured rock, rock is met water by center water hole and is cooled down suddenly under the condition of high temperature, due to rock
Stone body temperature change dramatically generates thermal fracture or thermal shock phenomenon in rock interior formation temperature gradient, rock, causes
The a variety of mechanics property-deteriorations of rock, drill bit are that heat spall and PDC tooth are scraped and cut two ways coupling broken rock, improve the broken of drill bit
Rock efficiency can reduce PDC tooth wedging stratum difficulty, extends the service life of PDC tooth, promotes the comprehensive performance of drill bit.
The object of the invention is realized by following technical proposals:
The PDC drill bit of the prior art, including bit body, fixing wing, are provided with PDC tooth, water hole or spray in fixing wing
Mouth, it is characterised in that: at least one electron beam generator is set on the wing of drill bit, and the electron beam generator includes power supply
And control system, vacuum system, electron gun system, focusing system, and drill bit center portion is provided with center water hole.
In this patent, at least one electron beam generator is set on the wing of drill bit, the electron beam generator includes
Power supply and control system, vacuum system, electron gun system, focusing system, the device for generating electron beam is electron gun system, i.e., negative
Pole generator, electronics accelerates under the action of electric field from cathode, after the electrically-heated coil of cathode internal, becomes
Electric heating ion source, since electronics itself generates electric field, and the electric power of electric field keeps it poly- to external diffusion, therefore by focusing system
Collection.When passing through rock by electron beam, since the ionization and excitation of dielectric atom can be produced by electronics speed energy transmission to rock
Raw a large amount of heat, allows rock temperature to increase, and rock inside and outside can be made while heat and heating by being not necessary to any heat transfer process.Benefit
It issues electromagnetic wave with electromagnetic wave generator to be irradiated rock, tensile strength, the shock resistance of rock reduce, rock interior
The thermal expansion deformation of different minerals matter is different, causes rock microcracks extension up to catalase, by heat spall kata-rocks
Stone.When electron beam by rock heat to regulation high temperature when, electron beam generator just no longer works, and water is invaded by center water hole
Rock generates thermal fracture or thermal shock phenomenon in so unexpected cooling procedure of High temperature rocks, sharply due to rock body temperature
Variation generates thermal fracture or thermal shock phenomenon in rock interior formation temperature gradient, rock, leads to a variety of mechanical property of rock
Shoddyization.Crackle on rock breeds generation, and further mutually overlap joint is formed through bigger crackle between development, crackle, most
These micro-cracks, crack further expand and penetrate through eventually, and the various material properties of rock of rock mass deterioration, rock reduce.Such rock
After the mechanical property of stone reduces, PDC tooth intrusion rock becomes to be more easier, and drill bit passes through the coupling of heating power broken rock and mechanical rock breaking
Broken rock mode carrys out fractured rock, reduces the mechanical property of rock, improves PDC tooth wedging stratum ability, to improve the broken of drill bit
Rock efficiency, to promote the comprehensive performance of drill bit.
Vacuum degree refers to the gas rarefied content under vacuum state.If the pressure in institute's measurement equipment is subatmospheric
By force, pressure measurement needs vacuum meter.The numerical value read from vacuum meter claims vacuum degree.Vacuum values are to represent system pressure
The subatmospheric strong numerical value of strong actual numerical value, it may be assumed that vacuum degree=atmospheric pressure-absolute pressure, absolute pressure=atmospheric pressure+gauge pressure
(- vacuum degree).
Alternatively, the vacuum degree of vacuum system is more than or equal to 1000Pa.
In above scheme, the vacuum degree of vacuum system is more than or equal to 1000Pa.Electron beam is generally required to be obtained in high vacuum
, need electronic journey remoter, required vacuum degree is higher, and vacuum degree is more than or equal to 1000Pa, guarantees that electron beam can have enough
Stroke, IMPULSIVE HEATING rock sample.
Alternatively, the high pressure of electron gun system is in 25KV~100KV.
In above scheme, the high pressure of electron gun system is in 25KV~100KV.Under high-pressure situations (typically larger than 20KV, often
Field is generally all in 25~100KV range intervals), when electron beam with high speed, high-energy electron bombardment anode, still
Voltage cannot be too high, if voltage is too high needs that cooling system is arranged, by voltage control within the scope of 25KV~100KV, Ji Nengli
Accelerate bombardment with the electron stream of high pressure, and does not need that extra cooling system is arranged.
As electrostatic field or the electromagnetic complex field system of setting specific in pipe are referred to as electron-optical system.It is focused since it has
The effect of photoelectronic imaging, therefore the electron lens that is otherwise known as.
Alternatively, it is characterised in that: focusing system is electron lens.
In above scheme, electron lens is to deflect and focus electron beam using electromagnetic field, the degree of adjustable focusing,
Drill bit is widened to the scope of application on stratum.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, at least one electron beam generator is set on drill bit, the electron beam generator includes power supply and control system, true
Empty set system, electron gun system, focusing system issue electron beam using electron beam generator and heat to rock, and rock resists
Tensile strength, shock resistance reduce, and the thermal expansion deformation of rock interior different minerals matter is different, cause rock microcracks extension straight
To catalase, by heat spall fractured rock.
2, rock is in heating up process, mainly by hot-drawn stress, destroys rock with stretch form, passes through
The vacuum degree of the vacuum degree and electron gun system that control vacuum system promotes the efficiency of electron beam heating rock, leads to catalase
Efficiency is increased sharply.
3, rock is met water by center water hole and is cooled down suddenly under the condition of high temperature, due to rock body temperature change dramatically,
Rock interior formation temperature gradient, rock is interior to generate thermal fracture or thermal shock phenomenon, leads to a variety of mechanics property-deteriorations of rock.
4, the invention drill bit is that heat spall fractured rock and PDC tooth are scraped and cut through crushed rocks two ways coupling broken rock,
The efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit is improved, while can reduce PDC tooth wedging stratum difficulty, extends the service life of PDC tooth, promotes drill bit
Comprehensive performance.
5, heat spall fractured rock will not generate harmful substance, and safe and environment-friendly, and efficiency is higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is PDC drill bit schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is PDC drill bit top view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is electron beam generator schematic diagram；
It is identified in figure: 1- bit body；2- fixing wing；21- PDC tooth；The water hole 3- or fixed nozzle；The center 4- water hole；5- electronics
Beam generator；51- power supply and control system；52- vacuum system；53- electron gun system；54- focusing system；6- rock sample.
Specific embodiment
Following non-limiting examples are for illustrating the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, a kind of PDC drill bit, including bit body 1, fixing wing 2, are provided with PDC in fixing wing
Tooth 21, water hole or nozzle 3, it is characterised in that: at least one electron beam generator 5, the electricity are set on the wing of drill bit
Sub-beam generator includes power supply and control system 51, vacuum system 52, electron gun system 53, focusing system 54, and drill bit center portion
It is provided with center water hole 4.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of vacuum system is more than or equal to 1000Pa.
Preferably, the high pressure of electron gun system is in 25KV~100KV.
Preferably, focusing system is electron lens.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of PDC drill bit, including bit body, fixing wing, are provided with PDC tooth, water hole or nozzle in fixing wing,
It is characterized in that: at least one electron beam generator is set on the wing of drill bit, the electron beam generator includes power supply and control
System processed, vacuum system, electron gun system, focusing system, and drill bit center portion is provided with center water hole.
2. a kind of PDC drill bit as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the vacuum degree of vacuum system is more than or equal to 1000Pa.
3. a kind of PDC drill bit as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the high pressure of electron gun system is in 25KV~100KV.
4. a kind of PDC drill bit as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: focusing system is electron lens.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811186053.1A CN109057714A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | A kind of PDC drill bit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811186053.1A CN109057714A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | A kind of PDC drill bit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109057714A true CN109057714A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
Family
ID=64763793
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811186053.1A Pending CN109057714A (en) | 2018-10-11 | 2018-10-11 | A kind of PDC drill bit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109057714A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112983283A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-18 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Plasma torch rock breaking composite drill bit and plasma torch rock breaking composite drill |
| CN113216853A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-08-06 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Composite drill bit and rock drilling device |
| CN113389487A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Low-loss method for plasma rock breaking drill bit electrode |
| CN113417655A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-09-21 | 国家电网有限公司 | Cutter head for tunnel boring machine with high rock breaking efficiency |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4045646A (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1977-08-30 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Positioning fixture for rock bit welding |
| CN2070811U (en) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-02-06 | 王用顺 | Hole efflux nozzle on drill bit |
| CN102678044A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-09-19 | 浙江大学 | Well drilling rod and pulse plasma drilling machine system |
| CN108060927A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-05-22 | 北京工业大学 | Microwave mixes broken rock device with Water Cutting in a kind of tunnelling |
-
2018
- 2018-10-11 CN CN201811186053.1A patent/CN109057714A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4045646A (en) * | 1973-10-24 | 1977-08-30 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Positioning fixture for rock bit welding |
| CN2070811U (en) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-02-06 | 王用顺 | Hole efflux nozzle on drill bit |
| CN102678044A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-09-19 | 浙江大学 | Well drilling rod and pulse plasma drilling machine system |
| CN108060927A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-05-22 | 北京工业大学 | Microwave mixes broken rock device with Water Cutting in a kind of tunnelling |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 吴立等: "现代破岩方法综述", 《探矿工程》 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112983283A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-06-18 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Plasma torch rock breaking composite drill bit and plasma torch rock breaking composite drill |
| CN112983283B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2023-02-21 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Plasma torch rock breaking composite drill bit and plasma torch rock breaking composite drill |
| CN113216853A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-08-06 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Composite drill bit and rock drilling device |
| CN113216853B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2023-04-11 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Composite drill bit and rock drilling device |
| CN113389487A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-14 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Low-loss method for plasma rock breaking drill bit electrode |
| CN113389487B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-06-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Low-loss method for plasma rock breaking drill bit electrode |
| CN113417655A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-09-21 | 国家电网有限公司 | Cutter head for tunnel boring machine with high rock breaking efficiency |
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Application publication date: 20181221 |