CN108267053B - Mechanical device for producing plasma to blast rock by utilizing hydro-electric effect - Google Patents
Mechanical device for producing plasma to blast rock by utilizing hydro-electric effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN108267053B CN108267053B CN201810261708.0A CN201810261708A CN108267053B CN 108267053 B CN108267053 B CN 108267053B CN 201810261708 A CN201810261708 A CN 201810261708A CN 108267053 B CN108267053 B CN 108267053B
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- sleeve
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- sealing
- fastening nut
- voltage electrode
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical device for blasting rock by utilizing a liquid-electricity effect to generate plasma, which comprises a device body, wherein the device body comprises a first sleeve, a plasma generating part and a compacting part, and a sealing part for sealing a drilled hole drilled in the rock blasting process is arranged on the first sleeve; the pressing part is used for pressing the sealing part so that the sealing part seals the drilling hole; the plasma generating part is at least partially positioned in the first sleeve, and the lower end of the upper sealing part of the first sleeve is provided with an opening for the plasma generating part to release energy. The device seals the drilled holes drilled in the rock blasting process through the sealing part, so that blasted energy is sealed and in the drilled holes, blasted energy is further concentrated on the broken rock, the blasting of hard rock such as granite is realized, and a method for blasting the rock without explosive is realized by using the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass breaking, in particular to a mechanical device for blasting rock by utilizing a liquid-electricity effect to generate plasma.
Background
The plasma rock crushing technology is an emerging high-efficiency rock crushing method at home and abroad, plasma is generated by discharging at an electrode through high-voltage pulse, and a dielectric medium crushes rock in a drill hole under the action of high temperature and high pressure. The acting force generated by the electric explosion method is longitudinal tensile stress to the rock, the crushing effect is better, no pollution and flying rock are caused in the rock crushing process, the energy consumption is low, and the noise and the danger are low.
Plasma rock crushing technology has been studied in korea, russia, united states, etc., and some plasma rock crushing apparatuses have been used in engineering. The space research center of the American Otto university has single pulse of 200kJ and impact current of 200kA, and grasps the novel electrode and special dielectric technology which are independently developed, so that rocks with larger volume can be exploded, and no flying rocks, dust and the like exist in the rock breaking process; the single discharge energy of the Canadian Noranda company equipment is 300kJ, and after 250 times of continuous discharge, the ore is treated to be 3-4 tons; the technology is used for crushing the tuff-nepheline ores by the Russian academy of sciences of rare earth elements; korea, japan has studied on the crack propagation and fracture of plasma crushed rock.
However, the prior art uses plasma technology to break up rock, the rock which is exploded is generally the rock with lower intensity and hardness such as sandstone, coal block, etc., and the explosion energy is insufficient, the efficiency is low, and the applicability of surrounding rock is poor. Research on application of harder rock such as granite is still blank, and a novel rock breaking technology which is safe and efficient and has good mobility is urgently needed for field construction application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device suitable for blasting hard rock such as granite.
To solve the above technical problems, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a mechanical device for blasting rock using a plasma generated by a hydro-electric effect, including a device body including a first sleeve, a plasma generating part, and a compressing part,
The first sleeve is provided with a sealing part for sealing a drilled hole drilled in the rock blasting process;
The pressing part is used for pressing the sealing part so that the sealing part seals the drilling hole;
The plasma generating part is at least partially positioned in the first sleeve, and the lower end of the upper sealing part of the first sleeve is provided with an opening for the plasma generating part to release energy.
Optionally or preferably, a thread is arranged on the outer side of the first sleeve, the sealing part comprises a sealing piece and a first fastening nut, the sealing piece is sleeved on the first sleeve, the first fastening nut is connected with the first sleeve through the thread, and the first pre-tightening nut can prevent the sealing piece from sliding towards the side of the first pre-tightening nut.
Optionally or preferably, the sealing portion further comprises a second fastening nut, which is screwed with the first sleeve.
Alternatively or preferably, the seal is wedge-shaped, the diameter of the seal being greater than the diameter of the bore.
Optionally or preferably, a sealing rubber ring is further arranged between the first pre-tightening nut and the sealing piece.
Optionally or preferably, the pressing part includes a pressing rod and a connecting rod, the pressing rod is provided with a hole capable of passing through the first sleeve and clamping the sealing part, the pressing rod is connected with the connecting rod through a nut, and the pressing rod can move relative to the connecting rod by screwing the nut.
Alternatively or preferably, the opening is located on a side of the first sleeve;
the plasma generating part comprises a high-voltage electrode and a low-voltage electrode, and a lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the first sleeve;
The high-voltage electrode is at least partially positioned in the first sleeve, the lower end cover is connected with the lower end of the first sleeve through threads, and the low-voltage electrode is connected with the lower end cover.
Optionally or preferably, the device body further comprises a first insulating sleeve at least partially located within the first sleeve, the high voltage electrode being at least partially located within the first insulating sleeve.
Optionally or preferably, a protrusion is provided in the first sleeve, and the protrusion is used for preventing the first insulating sleeve from moving to the opening; the upper end of the first sleeve is provided with a third fastening nut, the third fastening nut is connected with the first sleeve, and the third pre-fastening nut is used for preventing the first insulating sleeve from moving towards the upper end of the first sleeve.
Alternatively or preferably, the high voltage electrode and the low voltage electrode are connected by a wire.
The mechanical device for blasting rock by utilizing the hydro-electric effect to generate plasma has the following beneficial effects:
1. the mechanical device for generating plasma to blast the rock by utilizing the hydro-electric effect has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, safety, reliability and convenient operation;
2. According to the mechanical device for blasting rock by utilizing the liquid-electricity effect to generate plasma, the sealing part is arranged on the first sleeve, and the sealing part is pressed by the pressing part, so that the sealing part seals a drilled hole drilled in the process of blasting the rock, and therefore, the blasted energy is sealed and in the drilled hole, the blasted energy is prevented from leaking, the blasting of hard rock such as granite is realized, the blasting efficiency is improved, and the method for blasting the rock by using the device is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mechanical device for blasting rock using a plasma generated by a hydro-electric effect in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a structure of a compacting part removed in the mechanical device for blasting rock using a plasma generated by the electrohydraulic effect shown in FIG. 1;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation of the mechanical device for blasting rock and rock mass using the hydro-electric effect to generate plasma shown in fig. 1.
In the figure:
1. A first sleeve; 2. a high voltage electrode; 3. a low voltage electrode; 401. a second insulating sleeve; 402. a third insulating sleeve; 403. a fourth insulating sleeve; 5. a third fastening nut; 6. a seal; 7. a first fastening nut; 8. a second fastening nut; 9. sealing rubber rings; 10. a compression bar; 11. a connecting rod; 12. a nut; 13. a lower end cap; 14. a rock mass; 15. drilling.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "upper," "lower," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for defining the components, and are merely for convenience in distinguishing the components, and unless otherwise indicated, the terms have no special meaning and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
The invention discloses a mechanical device for blasting rock by utilizing a hydro-electric effect to generate plasma, which mainly comprises a first sleeve 1, a plasma generating part and a compacting part. The first casing 1 is provided with a sealing part, the pressing part is used for pressing the sealing part, so that the sealing part can seal a drilling hole 15 drilled in the blasting process of the rock body 14, the plasma generating part is at least partially positioned in the first casing, and the lower end of the sealing part on the first casing is provided with an opening for the plasma generating part to release energy.
In some embodiments, the sealing part includes a sealing member 6 and a first fastening nut 7, the sealing member 6 is sleeved on the first sleeve 1, a thread is provided at the outer side of the first sleeve 1, the first fastening nut 7 is connected with the first sleeve 1 through the thread on the first sleeve 1, and at the same time, the first fastening nut 7 is in close contact with the sealing member 6, so that the sealing member 6 can be prevented from sliding toward the first fastening nut 7 side. To make the seal tighter, a sealing rubber ring 9 may be provided between the seal 6 and the second fastening nut. For better fixing of the first fastening nut 7, a second fastening nut 8 can also be added, which second fastening nut 8 is likewise screwed with the first sleeve 1 and which is in close contact with the first fastening nut 7. In order to provide a tighter seal of the seal 6 against the bore 15, the seal 6 may be designed to be wedge-shaped and the diameter of the seal 6 may be larger than the diameter of the bore 15, with the smallest diameter of the seal 6 being located inside the bore 15 and the largest diameter being located outside the bore 15 during installation. The material of the sealing member 6 may be rubber, preferably hard rubber.
In some embodiments, the pressing part comprises a pressing rod 10 and a connecting rod 11, the pressing rod 10 is provided with a hole which can penetrate through the first sleeve 1 and clamp the sealing part, the pressing rod 10 is connected with the connecting rod 11 through a nut 12, the pressing rod 10 can move relative to the connecting rod 11 through screwing the nut 12, and the sealing part can tightly seal the drilling hole 15.
In some embodiments, the plasma generating part comprises a high voltage electrode 2 and a low voltage electrode 3, and the lower end of the first sleeve 1 is provided with a lower end cover 13; the high-voltage electrode 2 is at least partially positioned in the first sleeve 1, the lower end cover 13 is connected with the lower end of the first sleeve 1 through threads, the low-voltage electrode 3 is connected with the lower end cover 13, and a distance is reserved between the high-voltage electrode 2 and the low-voltage electrode 3. The opening for the plasma-generating portion to release energy is located at the side of the first casing 1, which opening is used for letting the blasted energy from within the first casing 1 into the borehole 15. External threads are arranged at two ends of the high-voltage electrode 2, and the high-voltage electrode 2 is fixed on the first sleeve 1 through nuts. The lower end cover 13 is provided with a threaded opening, the low-voltage electrode 3 is provided with external threads, and the low-voltage electrode 3 is fixed in the opening on the lower end cover 13 by rotating the low-voltage electrode 3. An insulating layer may be wound outside the high-voltage electrode 2 for safety.
In some embodiments, the device further comprises a first insulating sleeve at least partially positioned within the first sleeve 1, and the high voltage electrode 2 is at least partially positioned within the first insulating sleeve. A projection is provided in the first sleeve 1 for preventing the first insulating sleeve from moving into the opening in the first sleeve 1, which projection is located slightly upwards inside the opening in the first sleeve 1, by means of which projection the lower end of the first insulating sleeve can be brought to lie just in the position of the opening in the first sleeve 1. The upper end of the first sleeve 1 is also provided with a third fastening nut 5, and the third fastening nut 5 is in threaded connection with the first sleeve 1 and fixes the first insulating sleeve, so that the first insulating sleeve is prevented from moving towards the upper end of the first sleeve 1. The high-voltage electrode 2 is fixed to the first insulating bush by screwing nuts into both ends of the high-voltage electrode 2. In addition, the first insulating sleeve can be of a whole-section structure or can be split into a plurality of sections, and the advantage of adopting the plurality of sections is that the high-voltage electrode 2 and the first sleeve 1 are convenient to install and fix. In the following, a plurality of segments will be described as an example, the first insulating sleeve is composed of a second insulating sleeve 401, a third insulating sleeve 402 and a fourth insulating sleeve 403; the front end of the second insulating sleeve 401 is blocked by a protrusion arranged in the first sleeve 1, the other end of the second insulating sleeve 401 is provided with a groove, both ends of the third insulating sleeve 402 are provided with convex grooves matched with the second insulating sleeve 401, one end of the fourth insulating sleeve 403 is also provided with a groove matched with the convex grooves on the third insulating sleeve 402, and the second insulating sleeve 401, the third insulating sleeve 402 and the fourth insulating sleeve 403 are sequentially connected. The first bushing 1, the third insulating bushing 402 and the fourth insulating bushing 403 are fixed by the third fastening nut 5.
In some embodiments, the high voltage electrode 2 and the low voltage electrode 3 are connected by a wire. The side surface and the center of the lower end of the high-voltage electrode 2 are drilled, and a metal wire is put in from the side surface of the high-voltage electrode 2, passes through the center hole, and is wound on the high-voltage electrode 3. During use it was found that when the wire is wound around the low voltage electrode 3, after the blasting operation is completed, a portion of the wire remains on the low voltage electrode 3, so that another variant of the low voltage electrode 3 is to drill a hole in the centre of the low voltage electrode 3 and to thread the wire into the hole of the low voltage electrode 3. Since the current plasma energy release technology is in the early development stage aiming at the rock blasting, the existing discharge mode mainly aims at a needle type, and aims at a plate type, and air and liquid are separated according to a medium between a high electrode and a low electrode. The discharge modes are classified into rock surface discharge and rock internal discharge (predrilled). The discharge structure in the form of a needle is mainly applied to the application requiring small energy release, the structure of the device is simpler, but in the aspect of breaking rock, the rock breaking requires more energy due to the higher energy required for breaking the rock, the energy utilization rate of the needle structure is lower, and the released energy can not meet the requirement, especially when the rock with stronger hardness is blasted. In the embodiment, the metal wire is used for discharging at two ends of the high electrode and the low electrode, so that the energy utilization rate can be improved in the discharging process, the metal wire generates energy deposition in the discharging process of the pulse equipment to release larger energy, the metal wire is supplied with pulse current with very high density in a short time, ohmic heat is rapidly accumulated on the metal wire to cause the state of the metal wire to be changed drastically, the metal wire is vaporized and exploded, the resistance value is increased sharply, and a series of strong shock waves and strong radiation are accompanied, so that the energy release rate is improved, the energy consumption cost is reduced, and the breaking rate of rock is greatly increased.
The mechanical device for generating plasma to blast the rock by utilizing the hydro-electric effect disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in manufacturing, safety, reliability and convenience in operation; the sealing part is arranged on the first sleeve, and is pressed by the pressing part, so that the sealing part seals a drilling hole 15 drilled in the process of blasting the rock mass 14, the blasted energy is sealed in the drilling hole 15, the blasted energy is further concentrated on the broken rock, and the blasting of hard rock such as granite is realized; the metal wire explosion is added on the basis of pure explosion, so that the voltage capacitance is reduced to a certain extent, namely, the cost of the whole device is reduced, the energy release rate is improved, the energy consumption cost is reduced, the breaking rate of rock is greatly increased, and meanwhile, the device is used for realizing a method for blasting the rock without explosive.
The mechanical device for blasting rock by utilizing the plasma generated by the hydro-electric effect is described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the core concepts of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (3)
1. A mechanical device for generating plasma to blast rock by utilizing the hydro-electric effect comprises a device body, and is characterized in that the device body comprises a first sleeve, a plasma generating part and a compacting part,
The first sleeve is provided with a sealing part for sealing a drilled hole drilled in the rock blasting process;
The pressing part is used for pressing the sealing part so that the sealing part seals the drilling hole;
the plasma generating part is at least partially positioned in the first sleeve, and the lower end of the upper sealing part of the first sleeve is provided with an opening for the plasma generating part to release energy;
The sealing part comprises a sealing element and a first fastening nut, the sealing element is sleeved on the first sleeve, the first fastening nut is connected with the first sleeve through the threads, the first fastening nut can prevent the sealing element from sliding towards the first fastening nut, and a sealing rubber ring is further arranged between the first fastening nut and the sealing element;
The sealing part further comprises a second fastening nut which is connected with the first sleeve through threads and is in close contact with the first fastening nut;
the opening is positioned on the side surface of the first sleeve;
the plasma generating part comprises a high-voltage electrode and a low-voltage electrode, and a lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the first sleeve;
the high-voltage electrode is at least partially positioned in the first sleeve, the lower end cover is connected with the lower end of the first sleeve through threads, and the low-voltage electrode is connected with the lower end cover;
The device body further comprises a first insulating sleeve at least partially positioned within the first sleeve, and the high voltage electrode is at least partially positioned within the first insulating sleeve;
the sealing element is wedge-shaped, and the diameter of the sealing element is larger than that of the drilling hole;
The compressing part comprises a compression rod and a connecting rod, a hole capable of penetrating through the first sleeve and clamping the sealing part is formed in the compression rod, the compression rod is connected with the connecting rod through a nut, and the compression rod can move relative to the connecting rod through screwing the nut.
2. The mechanical device for blasting rock by using the hydro-electric effect according to claim 1, wherein a protrusion is provided in the first casing, and the protrusion is used for preventing the first insulating casing from moving to the opening; the upper end of the first sleeve is provided with a third fastening nut, the third fastening nut is connected with the first sleeve, and the third fastening nut is used for preventing the first insulating sleeve from moving towards the upper end of the first sleeve.
3. The mechanical device for blasting rock by using the hydro-electric effect of claim 1, wherein the high voltage electrode is connected to the low voltage electrode through a wire.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810261708.0A CN108267053B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Mechanical device for producing plasma to blast rock by utilizing hydro-electric effect |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810261708.0A CN108267053B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Mechanical device for producing plasma to blast rock by utilizing hydro-electric effect |
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| CN108267053A CN108267053A (en) | 2018-07-10 |
| CN108267053B true CN108267053B (en) | 2024-05-24 |
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| CN201810261708.0A Active CN108267053B (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Mechanical device for producing plasma to blast rock by utilizing hydro-electric effect |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108982254A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-11 | 东北大学 | Study the experiment porch and experimental method of fragile material plasma explosion rupture process |
| CN109127063B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2023-09-05 | 北京市政路桥股份有限公司 | Hydraulic pre-tightening expansion electrode |
| CN109737841B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-11-26 | 中国地质大学（北京） | A kind of orientable plasma broken rock device |
| CN109630020B (en) | 2019-01-11 | 2020-12-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Multi-path high-low pressure composite plasma drilling method |
| CN111303840A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-19 | 青海大学 | Preparation method of inorganic hydrous salt phase-change material |
| CN111457801A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-28 | 西安闪光能源科技有限公司 | Secondary breaking method for stone blocks |
| CN112359824A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-12 | 北京三一智造科技有限公司 | Rock-breaking pile foundation construction method |
| CN112360472A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-12 | 浙江科技学院 | Two-sided symmetrical electric explosion energy-gathering rock breaking device |
| CN114152160B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-04-25 | 中国矿业大学 | Orifice directional stone crushing device adopting high-voltage electric pulse and construction method thereof |
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