CN109055769B - Multi-element alloy fractional distillation equipment - Google Patents
Multi-element alloy fractional distillation equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109055769B CN109055769B CN201811061890.1A CN201811061890A CN109055769B CN 109055769 B CN109055769 B CN 109055769B CN 201811061890 A CN201811061890 A CN 201811061890A CN 109055769 B CN109055769 B CN 109055769B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/02—Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action including acoustic waves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-alloy grading distillation device which comprises a furnace shell body, a vacuum distillation device and a heating device which are arranged inside the furnace shell body, and a product collecting device connected with the vacuum distillation device, wherein the furnace shell body comprises a furnace chassis and supporting legs arranged on the furnace chassis, the vacuum distillation device comprises a confluence disc fixedly arranged on the supporting legs, a graphite crucible arranged at the upper end of the confluence disc, and a graphite condensation cover sleeved on the periphery of the graphite crucible. The multi-component alloy fractional distillation equipment provided by the invention can realize gradual volatilization and collection of multi-component alloy on the premise of not interrupting the distillation process, does not need secondary treatment, can effectively shorten the treatment process, improve the production efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, and has no waste water and waste gas generated in the distillation process and good production environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nonferrous metal vacuum metallurgy, in particular to multi-element alloy fractional distillation equipment.
Background
The main equipment used for realizing the alloy vacuum distillation separation in the vacuum metallurgy industry is a vacuum distillation furnace, and the principle of the vacuum distillation furnace is to realize the separation and purification of alloy metals by utilizing different properties of gasification and condensation of various metal elements. In the process, the low boiling point metal is changed into gas from liquid state to volatilize, and is condensed on a condenser to obtain metal or alloy, and the high boiling point metal can not volatilize and is used as residue.
Patent CN204434697 discloses a vacuum distillation furnace for treating nonferrous metal alloy slag, which is used for treating liquated slag obtained by liquating precious lead or precious bismuth to remove copper, and can directly obtain metallic lead-bismuth-silver alloy and copper-silver alloy. However, the condensate obtained is still a multi-component alloy, and needs to be separated by a special vacuum separation furnace, so that the vacuum distillation separation of the alloy cannot be effectively realized. Patent CN2016105996484 discloses a high boiling point alloy intermittent vacuum distillation separation furnace, which is used for treating high boiling point alloy, obtaining a plurality of condensation products by one-time distillation, and realizing high-efficiency separation of high boiling point alloy. But the volatilized elements are elements with close boiling points, different condensates are obtained by controlling the condensation conditions, and the method is not suitable for separating the alloys with large difference of the boiling points.
The volatile matter obtained after the alloy is separated in the existing vacuum distillation furnace is still alloy, and secondary treatment is needed to completely separate the alloy and recover valuable metals. However, the secondary treatment makes the production flow long and the energy consumption increases.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multi-element alloy fractional distillation device, which aims to solve the problems that the prior vacuum distillation furnace needs secondary treatment to completely separate the alloy when separating the alloy, and the secondary treatment lengthens the production flow and increases the energy consumption.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a multi-element alloy grading distillation device comprises a furnace shell body, a vacuum distillation device and a heating device which are arranged inside the furnace shell body, and a product collection device connected with the vacuum distillation device, wherein the furnace shell body comprises a furnace chassis and supporting legs arranged on the furnace chassis; the heating device heats the graphite crucible to enable the multi-element alloy in the graphite crucible to generate metal steam and volatilize, the graphite condensing cover condenses the volatilized metal steam into liquid metal to converge to the converging disc, and the liquid metal enters the product collecting device through the converging disc.
The multi-element alloy fractional distillation equipment comprises a vacuum distillation device, a vacuum distillation device and a graphite heat-insulating cover, wherein the vacuum distillation device further comprises the graphite heat-insulating cover sleeved on the outer wall of the graphite crucible, and the graphite heat-insulating cover is in direct contact with the outer wall of the graphite crucible; the graphite condensation cover is sleeved on the periphery of the graphite heat-insulation cover, and a spacer is arranged between the graphite condensation cover and the graphite heat-insulation cover.
Many first alloy fractional distillation equipment, wherein, converge set upper end and be provided with concentric ring type boss, graphite crucible, graphite heat preservation cover and graphite condensation cover the bottom all be provided with the concentric ring type concave station of concentric ring type boss adaptation, graphite crucible, graphite heat preservation cover and graphite condensation cover all pass through concentric ring type concave station with the cooperation of concentric ring type boss with converge set lock location.
The multi-element alloy fractional distillation equipment comprises a heating device, a graphite heating element and an electrode leading-in pin, wherein the graphite heating element is arranged at the bottom of a graphite crucible, and the electrode leading-in pin is fixedly connected with the graphite heating element.
The multi-element alloy grading distillation equipment is characterized in that the furnace chassis is provided with an electrode penetrating hole, and the electrode introducing foot penetrates through the electrode penetrating hole and is fixed on the furnace chassis through an electrode nut.
The multi-element alloy grading distillation equipment is characterized in that a heat insulation plate is further arranged between the furnace chassis and the graphite heating body, an electrode penetrating hole is also formed in the heat insulation plate, and the electrode introducing foot sequentially penetrates through the electrode penetrating hole in the furnace chassis and the electrode penetrating hole in the heat insulation plate to be fixedly connected with the graphite heating body.
The multi-element alloy fractional distillation equipment, wherein, be provided with the discharge gate on the stove chassis, the result collection device includes a collection storehouse, be provided with on the collection storehouse with the feed inlet that the discharge gate is connected, it is provided with a revolution mechanic to collect the storehouse bottom, the last material receiving barrel that is used for collecting liquid metal that is provided with of revolution mechanic, the material receiving barrel is located the feed inlet lower extreme.
The multi-element alloy grading distillation equipment comprises a rotating structure, a collecting bin and a collecting bin, wherein the rotating structure comprises a driving motor fixedly arranged at the bottom of the collecting bin, a small gear fixedly connected with a rotating shaft on the driving motor, and a large gear meshed with the small gear and positioned outside the small gear; the material receiving barrel is internally provided with a partition board used for dividing the material receiving barrel into different areas.
Has the advantages that: the multi-component alloy fractional distillation equipment provided by the invention can realize gradual volatilization and collection of multi-component alloy on the premise of not interrupting the distillation process, does not need secondary treatment, can effectively shorten the treatment process, improve the production efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, and has no waste water and waste gas generated in the distillation process and good production environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a multi-component alloy fractional distillation apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a burst of the product collection apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides multi-component alloy fractional distillation equipment, and in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a multi-alloy fractional distillation apparatus provided by the present invention, wherein, as shown in the figure, the multi-alloy fractional distillation apparatus includes a furnace shell body 10, a vacuum distillation apparatus 20 and a heating apparatus 30 arranged inside the furnace shell body, and a product collection apparatus 40 connected to the vacuum distillation apparatus, the furnace shell body 10 includes a furnace chassis 11 and supporting legs 12 arranged on the furnace chassis, the vacuum distillation apparatus 20 includes a confluence plate 21 fixedly arranged on the supporting legs 12, a graphite crucible 22 arranged at an upper end of the confluence plate 21, and a graphite condensation cover 23 sleeved on a periphery of the graphite crucible 22; the heating device 30 heats the graphite crucible 22 to enable the multi-element alloy in the graphite crucible to generate metal vapor and volatilize the metal vapor, the graphite condensing hood 23 condenses the volatilized metal vapor into liquid metal which is converged to a converging plate, and the liquid metal enters the product collecting device 40 through the converging plate.
According to the invention, the furnace body structure of the distillation equipment is improved, volatile elements in the multi-element alloy are classified and collected, and the comprehensive and efficient recovery of non-ferrous metal secondary resources is realized.
The design principle of the multi-element alloy fractional distillation equipment provided by the invention is as follows: the space between graphite crucible and the graphite condensation cover forms the evaporation cavity, and the alloy that is located graphite crucible begins to volatilize under the atmosphere of high temperature high vacuum, through exchanging the heat with graphite condensation cover, the metallic vapor who volatilizees drips to the tray that converges behind the condensation of graphite condensation cover for metallic liquid, metallic liquid collects the back on the tray that converges and passes through drip nozzle on the tray that converges flows into in the result collection device. Because the boiling points of the elements in the multi-element alloy are different, different elements in the multi-element alloy can be selectively volatilized in a grading way by controlling the vacuum distillation condition, and the different elements are condensed into liquid state and then enter different collection areas in the product collection device.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the vacuum distillation apparatus further comprises a graphite heat-preserving cover 24 sleeved on the outer wall of the graphite crucible, wherein the graphite heat-preserving cover is in direct contact with the outer wall of the graphite crucible. The graphite heat-insulating cover mainly plays a role in insulating the graphite crucible, and energy consumption can be saved. Preferably, the graphite condensation cover cup joints graphite heat preservation cover is peripheral, just graphite condensation cover with be provided with the compartment between the graphite heat preservation cover, the compartment space forms the evaporation cavity, graphite condensation cover mainly used condenses the metal vapor that volatilizees.
In a preferred embodiment, the upper end of the confluence disc 21 is provided with a concentric annular boss, the bottoms of the graphite crucible 22, the graphite heat-insulating cover 24 and the graphite condensation cover 23 are all provided with concentric annular bosses matched with the concentric annular boss, and the graphite crucible, the graphite heat-insulating cover and the graphite condensation cover are all positioned in a buckled manner with the confluence disc through the matching of the concentric annular bosses and the concentric annular bosses.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the heating device 30 includes a graphite heating element 31 disposed at the bottom of the graphite crucible and an electrode lead-in pin 32 fixedly connected to the graphite heating element 31.
Specifically, the confluence disc is sleeved on the periphery of the graphite heating body, the confluence disc is supported and fixed by steel supporting legs arranged on a furnace chassis, a convex concentric annular boss is arranged at the upper end of the confluence disc, and the graphite crucible is buckled and positioned with the concentric annular boss on the confluence disc through the concentric annular boss at the bottom of the graphite crucible and is supported and placed on the confluence disc. The graphite crucible is positioned right above the graphite heating body, so that heat generated by the graphite heating body directly acts on the bottom surface of the whole graphite crucible, and the bottom of the graphite crucible completely enters the heat radiation range of the heating body.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, an electrode insertion hole 13 is formed in the furnace base plate 11, and the electrode lead-in pin 32 is inserted through the electrode insertion hole 13 and fixed to the furnace base plate by an electrode nut.
In a preferred embodiment, a heat insulation plate is further arranged between the furnace chassis and the graphite heating element, an electrode penetrating hole is also formed in the heat insulation plate, and the electrode introducing pin sequentially penetrates through the electrode penetrating hole in the furnace chassis and the electrode penetrating hole in the heat insulation plate to be fixedly connected with the graphite heating element. The heat insulation plate can effectively reduce the heat radiation generated by the graphite heating body to the furnace chassis, thereby improving the heat use efficiency and simultaneously avoiding the deformation of the furnace chassis caused by excessive heat radiation; the heat insulation plate can also enable heat to be radiated to the graphite crucible in a centralized manner, so that the distillation temperature of distillation equipment is increased, and metal or alloy materials with higher boiling points can be processed.
Preferably, the distillation equipment is generally used for high-temperature distillation and purification of metal materials, so that the heat-insulation plate needs to be prepared from high-temperature-resistant materials. Preferably, the disc-shaped body is made of one of mullite, graphite felt or zirconia.
More preferably, the hole opening positions and the number of the electrode penetrating holes in the heat insulation plate are determined according to the actual use condition of the electrodes, preferably, 3 electrode penetrating holes are uniformly formed in the disc-shaped tray body, namely, the interval between every two adjacent electrode penetrating holes is 120 degrees, and the aperture of each electrode penetrating hole can ensure that an electrode connecting pin penetrates through the hole but cannot be in contact with the electrode connecting pin.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a discharge hole is formed in the furnace base plate 11, the product collecting device 40 includes a collecting bin 41, a feed inlet 42 connected to the discharge hole is formed in the collecting bin 41, a rotating structure 44 is arranged at the bottom of the collecting bin, a receiving bucket 43 for collecting liquid metal is arranged on the rotating structure, and the receiving bucket is located at the lower end of the feed inlet.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the rotating structure 44 includes a driving motor (not shown) fixedly disposed at the bottom of the collecting bin, a pinion 441 fixedly connected to a rotating shaft of the driving motor, and a bull gear 442 engaged with the pinion and located outside the pinion, wherein a rotating disc 443 is fixedly disposed on the bull gear, and the receiving barrel 43 is disposed on the rotating disc 443; the material receiving barrel is internally provided with a partition board used for dividing the material receiving barrel into different areas. The rotary table is fixed on the gear wheel through a nut, the material receiving barrel is arranged on the rotary table, the material receiving barrel is internally divided into different areas by a partition plate, and when metal volatile matters are collected, the metal volatile matters are collected in different collecting areas through rotation of the rotary table.
The structure and operation of a multi-component alloy fractional distillation apparatus of the present invention are explained below by specific examples:
example 1
Putting a silver-zinc shell with the components of 18.66% of Ags, 67.72% of Zns and 10.65% of Pbinto a graphite crucible, placing the graphite crucible into a vacuum furnace, covering a furnace cover and a collection bin door, starting a vacuum unit to vacuumize until the pressure in a furnace shell body is 35Pa, and then starting a heating device to heat. The distillation temperature in the vacuum furnace is adjusted by controlling the power of the graphite heating element. When the temperature rises to 800-1000 ℃, zinc in the silver-zinc shell begins to volatilize, volatilized zinc metal steam escapes to the graphite condensation cover, and because the furnace shell outside the condensation cover is provided with the water jacket interlayer, the temperature is low, volatilized zinc steam is condensed into liquid on the graphite condensation cover, flows to the confluence disc, and is collected in the material receiving barrel of the collection bin through the discharge pipe to obtain liquid zinc through the drip nozzle of the confluence disc. Under this temperature, the constant temperature 1h makes the distillation of volatilizing of zinc accomplish, then increases the power of graphite heat-generating body, risees the distillation temperature, starts the driving motor that is located the collection storehouse bottom simultaneously and drives the gear and rotate, adjusts the position of collecting the storehouse subregion, makes new collection region be located the discharging pipe under. When the temperature rises to 1300 ℃, lead in the silver-zinc shell begins to volatilize in a large amount, and is collected in a new collection area separated from the collection bin after being condensed by the condensation cover. After distillation, crude zinc and crude lead are respectively collected in the areas divided from the collecting bin, and lead-silver alloy rich in silver is remained in the crucible. The condensate obtained by low-temperature distillation is analyzed to contain Zn of 98 percent, Pb of 1.5 percent and Ag of 0.002 percent, the condensate obtained by high-temperature distillation contains Pb of 96.5 percent, Ag of 3.3 percent and Zn of 0.1 percent, and the residue contains Ag97 percent, Pb2.5 percent and Zn0.002 percent.
In conclusion, the multi-component alloy fractional distillation equipment provided by the invention can realize gradual volatilization and collection of multi-component alloy on the premise of not interrupting the distillation process, does not need secondary treatment, can effectively shorten the treatment flow, improve the production efficiency and reduce the energy consumption, and has no waste water and waste gas generated in the distillation process and good production environment.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. The multi-element alloy grading distillation equipment is characterized by comprising a furnace shell body, a vacuum distillation device and a heating device which are arranged inside the furnace shell body, and a product collecting device connected with the vacuum distillation device, wherein the furnace shell body comprises a furnace chassis and supporting legs arranged on the furnace chassis; the heating device heats the graphite crucible to enable the multi-element alloy in the graphite crucible to generate metal steam and volatilize the metal steam, the graphite condensing cover condenses the volatilized metal steam into liquid metal to converge to the converging disc, and the liquid metal enters the product collecting device through the converging disc;
the furnace base plate is provided with a discharge hole, the product collecting device comprises a collecting bin, the collecting bin is provided with a feed hole connected with the discharge hole, the bottom of the collecting bin is provided with a rotating structure, the rotating structure is provided with a material receiving barrel used for collecting liquid metal, and the material receiving barrel is positioned at the lower end of the feed hole; the rotating structure comprises a driving motor fixedly arranged at the bottom of the collecting bin, a pinion fixedly connected with a rotating shaft on the driving motor, and a bull gear meshed with the pinion and positioned on the outer side of the pinion, wherein a turntable is fixedly arranged on the bull gear, and the receiving barrel is placed on the turntable; the inside of the receiving barrel is provided with a partition plate used for dividing the receiving barrel into different areas;
the boiling points of all elements in the multi-element alloy are different, different elements in the multi-element alloy are selectively volatilized in a grading way by controlling the vacuum distillation condition, and the elements are condensed into liquid state and then enter different collecting areas in a product collecting device;
the vacuum distillation device also comprises a graphite heat-insulating cover sleeved on the outer wall of the graphite crucible, and the graphite heat-insulating cover is in direct contact with the outer wall of the graphite crucible; the graphite condensation cover is sleeved on the periphery of the graphite heat-insulation cover, and a spacer is arranged between the graphite condensation cover and the graphite heat-insulation cover;
the upper end of the confluence disc is provided with a concentric annular boss, the bottoms of the graphite crucible, the graphite heat-insulating cover and the graphite condensing cover are respectively provided with a concentric annular concave table matched with the concentric annular boss, and the graphite crucible, the graphite heat-insulating cover and the graphite condensing cover are respectively buckled and positioned with the confluence disc through the matching of the concentric annular concave table and the concentric annular boss;
the heating device comprises a graphite heating body arranged at the bottom of the graphite crucible and an electrode leading-in pin fixedly connected with the graphite heating body;
the furnace chassis is provided with an electrode penetrating hole, and the electrode introducing pin penetrates through the electrode penetrating hole and is fixed on the furnace chassis through an electrode nut;
an insulation plate is further arranged between the furnace chassis and the graphite heating body, an electrode penetrating hole is also formed in the insulation plate, and the electrode introducing pin sequentially penetrates through the electrode penetrating hole in the furnace chassis and the electrode penetrating hole in the insulation plate to be fixedly connected with the graphite heating body;
the multi-element alloy is a silver-zinc shell, and the pressure in the furnace shell body is 35 Pa; controlling the distillation temperature in the furnace shell body to rise to 800-1000 ℃, and volatilizing zinc; controlling the distillation temperature in the furnace shell body to rise to 1300 ℃, and volatilizing lead;
the furnace shell body is provided with a water jacket interlayer, and liquid metal flows into the collecting bin through a dripping nozzle on the collecting tray after being collected on the collecting tray.
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| CN201811061890.1A CN109055769B (en) | 2018-09-12 | 2018-09-12 | Multi-element alloy fractional distillation equipment |
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| CN110938799B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-07-29 | 宁波海秀丰科技有限公司 | High-purity high-uniformity gold target material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111270080A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-06-12 | 云南锡业股份有限公司铜业分公司 | System and method for efficiently recovering valuable metals in soldering tin electrolysis anode mud |
| CN111928652A (en) * | 2020-07-25 | 2020-11-13 | 河南酷斯特仪器科技有限公司 | Vacuum induction distillation furnace |
| CN113846231A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-28 | 昆明理工大学 | Vacuum gasification separation furnace for fractional volatilization |
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| JP3689687B2 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2005-08-31 | 宏 平原 | Apparatus for separating aluminum from empty can and method for separating the same |
| CN204434697U (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-07-01 | 昆明鼎邦科技有限公司 | A kind of vacuum distillation furnace processing non-ferrous metal alloy slag charge |
| CN105506300A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-04-20 | 长沙金马冶金设备有限公司 | Precious lead vacuum distilling furnace |
| CN106312030A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-01-11 | 无锡市智锋金属科技有限公司 | Vacuum casting integrated equipment |
| CN108441645B (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-12-31 | 昆明鼎邦科技股份有限公司 | Continuous vacuum distillation separation equipment for high-arsenic alloy |
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