CN109045047B - 藏红花色素类组合物在制备用于治疗帕金森症的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
藏红花色素类组合物在制备用于治疗帕金森症的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种藏红花色素类组合物在制备用于治疗帕金森症的药物中的应用,涉及药物领域。研究发现,从植物中提取得到的藏红花色素类组合物可以显著的改善小鼠的运动障碍,提高小鼠黑质中酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元的数量,同时能够提高小鼠脑纹状体中多巴胺(DA)的含量,并且呈一定的剂量依赖性。由此说明,该藏红花色素类组合物对MPTP所致的帕金森症模型小鼠有显著的治疗作用,表明该组合物具有一定的抗帕金森症活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物领域,具体而言,涉及一种藏红花色素类组合物在制备治疗帕金森症药物中的应用。
背景技术
帕金森症(Parkinson's,PD)是仅次于阿尔兹海默症的第二大神经退行性疾病,流行病学显示,PD的发病率随年龄的增长而增加,65岁以上人群发病率约为1%,严重影响老年人的身体健康和生活质量。PD的主要病理特征为中脑多巴胺能神经元进行性变性死亡以及细胞内路易氏小体的形成,最终导致黑质-纹状体多巴胺能系统功能衰退,从而产生运动障碍。其主要临床表现为静止性震颤、肌僵直、运动迟缓,多种因素参与PD的发病机制。
PD的发病与人口老龄化密切相关,随着我国老龄人口的增加,PD患者将越来越多。目前西药治疗PD主要通过外源补充多巴、增加多巴胺受体功能及阻止多巴胺的降解的方式改善患者运动症状的对症治疗。但目前的药物治疗不能阻止病情的发展,更无法治愈。特别是长期服药患者会对各种西药产生耐受作用,易出现症状波动及运动异常等并发症,以致西药在后期治疗改善PD症状疗效差。因此,无耐受作用、毒副作用小的抗PD药物的研发具有十分广阔的市场前景和深远的社会意义。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种藏红花色素类组合物在制备用于治疗或改善帕金森症的药物或保健品中的应用。藏红花色素类组合物能够有效改善帕金森症小鼠的多种症状,表明其可以作为抗帕金森症药物,为帕金森症的研究和治疗提供新的方案。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种用于治疗帕金森症的药物,该药物包括从中药栀子中提取得到的藏红花色素类组合物,其能够改善或治疗帕金森症的多种症状。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
一种藏红花色素类组合物在制备治疗或改善帕金森症的药物或保健品中的应用。
一种用于治疗帕金森症的药物,其包括藏红花色素类组合物、以及药学上可接受的辅料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
发明人研究发现,从植物(例如中药栀子)中提取得到的藏红花色素类组合物具有抗帕金森症的作用,能够改善帕金森症多种症状。动物实验中,采用经典的MPTP所致亚急性PD模型对藏红花色素类组合物的抗PD作用进行评价,通过转棍实验、爬杆实验、免疫组化检测小鼠黑质TH的表达、高效液相检测小鼠脑纹状体中DA的含量等测试,发现高剂量的藏红花色素活性组合物可以显著的改善小鼠的运动障碍,提高小鼠黑质中TH阳性神经元的数量,同时能够提高小鼠脑纹状体中DA的含量,并且呈一定的剂量依赖性。由此说明,该藏红花色素类组合物对MPTP所致的PD模型小鼠有显著的治疗作用,表明该组合物具有一定的抗PD活性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,以下将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为实施例2中免疫组化切片TH阳性神经元的显微镜观察图;
图2为实施例2中藏红花色素类组合物(GJ-4)对小鼠黑质中TH阳性神经元的影响,其中**P<0.01vs.空白对照组小鼠,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.模型小鼠;
图3为实施例2中藏红花色素类组合物(GJ-4)对小鼠纹状体中DA含量的影响,其中**P<0.05vs.空白对照组小鼠,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.模型小鼠。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
本实施方式提供一种藏红花色素类组合物在制备治疗或改善帕金森症的药物或保健品中的应用。
本实施方式中的藏红花色素类组合物是以中药栀子为原料,通过大孔吸附树脂柱色谱分离得到。
进一步地,该藏红花色素类组合物包括藏红花酸单-β-D-龙胆二糖苷。
进一步地,该藏红花色素类组合物还包括藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷、13Z-藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷、neocrocin B和13Z-藏红花酸-8'-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷中的至少一种。
进一步地,该藏红花色素类组合物还包括:藏红花酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-龙胆二糖苷、13Z-藏红花酸-8-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷。
进一步地,该藏红花色素类组合物还包括:藏红花酸双-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、藏红花酸单-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。
上述化合物的结构如下:
1.藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷
2.藏红花酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-龙胆二糖苷
3.藏红花酸双-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷
4.13Z-藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷
5.neocrocin B
6.藏红花酸单-β-D-龙胆二糖苷
7.13Z-藏红花酸-8-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷
8.13Z-藏红花酸-8'-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷
9.藏红花酸单-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷
更进一步地,该藏红花色素类组合物按重量份数计,藏红花酸单-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为40~50份,藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为8~12重量份,13Z-藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为6~8重量份、neocrocin B为5.5~7.5重量份、13Z-藏红花酸-8'-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为8~10重量份、藏红花酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为3.5~5.5重量份、13Z-藏红花酸-8-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为4~5重量份、藏红花酸双-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为0.5~2.5重量份、藏红花酸单-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为1~3重量份。
或者,该藏红花色素类组合物按重量份数计,藏红花酸单-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为43~47份,藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为9~11重量份,13Z-藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为7~8重量份、neocrocin B为6~7重量份、13Z-藏红花酸-8'-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为9~10重量份、藏红花酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为4~5重量份、13Z-藏红花酸-8-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为4~5重量份、藏红花酸双-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为1~2重量份、藏红花酸单-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为2~3重量份。
进一步地,这类藏红花色素类组合物的制备方法包括:
步骤S1:采用溶剂提取法提取栀子果实,得到栀子总提取物;
其中,溶剂提取法包括:煎煮法、加热回流提取法、超声震荡提取法、渗漉法和浸渍法中的任意一种或多种。溶剂提取法采用的提取溶剂为55~65Vol%的醇溶液,可选的,为选为55~65Vol%的乙醇或甲醇溶液;醇溶液中醇的体积分数为55~65Vol%,或者为58~62Vol%,或者为60Vol%。
当采用加热回流提取法进行提取时,料液比(即原料与提取溶剂的质量比)为1:3~5,或者为1:4。较为优选的方式为:用4倍量的60Vol%乙醇溶液加热回流提取3次,每次2小时。提取后,过滤提取液,除去溶剂,即可得到栀子总提取物。
步骤S2:用大孔吸附树脂色谱分离所述栀子总提取物,洗脱剂为水和30~95Vol%的乙醇,收集65~75Vol%的乙醇洗脱部分,浓缩。
进一步地,在分离过程中,依次用3~5倍柱床体积的水、25~35Vol%、45~55Vol%、65~75Vol%、90~100Vol%的乙醇进行梯度洗脱。更为优选的,洗脱程序为:依次用4倍柱床体积的水、28~32Vol%、48~52Vol%、68~72Vol%、93~97Vol%的乙醇进行梯度洗脱。
本实施方式还提供一种用于治疗帕金森症的药物,其包括藏红花色素类组合物、以及药学上可接受的辅料。
其中,藏红花色素类组合物的组分及其制备方法如上所述。为了使该药物快速、连续并在很长一段时间里释放活性成分,本发明的药物可以根据公开在那些本技术领域中的常规方法制造。本发明的药物的给药途径为口服、鼻吸入、或肠胃外给药。该药物的制剂可以是粉末、颗粒、片剂、乳剂、糖浆、气雾剂、软胶囊、硬胶囊、灭菌注射剂、和灭菌粉等。
此处,术语“药学上可接受的”指当化合物给人类施用时该化合物是生理上可接受的,且不会发生胃肠道紊乱、头晕等过敏反应或者类似这些过敏反应的全身过敏反应。
在本发明中,“药学上可接受的辅料”包括但不限于:粘合剂(如微晶纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)、填充剂(如淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖和无水乳酸)、崩解剂(如交联PVP、交联羧甲基淀粉钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、和低取代羟丙基纤维素)、润滑剂(硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸铝、滑石、聚乙二醇、苯甲酸钠)、润湿剂(如甘油)、表面活性剂(如十六烷醇)以及吸收促进剂、矫味剂、甜味剂、稀释剂、包衣剂等。
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述:
实施例1
栀子藏红花色素类活性组合物的制备方法,与发明人之前申请的中国专利CN105935363中的制备方法一致,具体如下:
取栀子干燥成熟果实40.0kg,经适当粉碎后,用4倍量的60%乙醇加热回流提取3次,每次2小时。合并提取液,减压蒸去溶剂,得到栀子总提物6.2kg;以适量水溶解提取物,离心,进行大孔树脂开放柱层析(20.0×90cm),依次用4倍柱床体积的水、30%、50%、70%、95%的乙醇进行梯度洗脱,收集各部分洗脱液,分别减压回收溶剂,得到水洗脱、30%乙醇洗脱组合部分约4.5kg,50%乙醇洗脱部分710.0g,70%乙醇洗脱部分150.0g,95%乙醇洗脱部分112.0g,其中70%乙醇洗脱部分即为栀子藏红花色素活性组合物(GJ-4)。
实施例2
藏红花色素类活性组合物GJ-4改善MPTP所致亚急性PD小鼠症状
实验方案:
C57/BL6J小鼠,雄性,体重22~25g,120只,分8组,每组15只,各组分别是对照组、模型组(MPTP)、阳性药左旋多巴(20mg/kg)组和司来吉兰组(10mg/kg),GJ-4(12.5mg/kg)组、GJ-4(25mg/kg)组、GJ-4(50mg/kg)组、GJ-4(100mg/kg)组,GJ-4和阳性药灌胃给药(空白对照组及模型组灌胃给予同样剂量的0.5%CMC-Na)。灌胃给药30min后腹腔注射MPTP30mg/kg,每天一次,连续7天,末次注射MPTP 2h后,进行转棍和爬杆测试。MPTP停止注射后继续给药,每天一次,连续5天,第6天取中脑和纹状体用作后续研究。
一、转棍实验(Rotarod test)
各组小鼠在造模前接受3次转棍训练。经过训练后,小鼠在棍上的表现达到稳定水平。转棍仪为直径4cm,长约为60cm,用隔板分为5段的水平杆,保证动物彼此不受影响。转棍仪转速设定为30转/min。将小鼠置于杆上,打开开关,开始计时,最长时限设置为120秒,记录从开始转棍到小鼠从杆上掉下的时间,记为潜伏期(即第一次从杆上掉落的时间)。结果见表1。
表1 GJ-4对小鼠转棍上停留时间的影响
(n=15,Mean±S.E.M)
注:**P<0.01vs.空白对照组小鼠,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.模型小鼠
实验结果表明,与空白对照组相比,模型组小鼠在转棍上停留的时间显著减少(P<0.01),提示其行为学出现障碍,而GJ-4各剂量组均可提高小鼠在转棍仪上的停留时间,且呈剂量依赖性。阳性药左旋多巴和司来吉兰也可显著延长小鼠在转棍上停留的时间。
二、爬杆实验(Pole test)
将一直径为25cm软木球固定于一根长50cm粗1cm的木杆顶端,木杆上缠上纱布以防止打滑,然后将被测小鼠放到小球上,并观察小鼠从球上下来的表现,给出不同的评分。评分标准如下:5分:四肢并用,一步一步协调向下爬行;4分:一步一步向下爬行但兼有后肢滑行行为;3分:爬过一半距离后向下滑行,但可抱紧杆;2分:未爬过一半距离即出现滑行行为;1分:爬过一半距离后不能抓杆从杆上掉落;0分:未爬过一半距离即不能抓杆,从杆上掉落。每只小鼠测试2次,按照上述标准进行评分,取平均值。结果见表2。
表2 GJ-4对小鼠爬杆评分的影响
(n=15,Mean±S.E.M)
注:**P<0.01vs.空白对照组小鼠,#P<0.05,##P<0.01vs.模型小鼠
实验结果表明,与空白对照组相比,模型组小鼠爬杆评分明显减少,而GJ-4各剂量组爬杆评分明显提高,且呈剂量依赖性,阳性药左旋多巴和司来吉兰也可显著提高小鼠爬杆得分,其中GJ-4高剂量组与阳性药相当。
三、免疫组化检测小鼠黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)的表达
末次行为学测试后,每组随机选取3只小鼠,4%水合氯醛麻醉,将其仰卧于平台上,伸展固定四肢,剪开皮肤,开胸腹充分暴露心脏和肝脏。将灌注针朝主动脉方向插入左心室,同时剪开右心耳,输注生理盐水10-15min至肝脏完全变白、右耳流出澄清液体后,换用3%蔗糖4%多聚甲醛PBS溶液继续灌注15-20min,先快后慢,待小鼠肝脏变硬、肢体僵硬即完成固定。然后断头取脑,放至3%蔗糖、4%多聚甲醛PBS溶液中于4℃固定24h,转移至30%蔗糖、4%多聚甲醛PBS溶液中于4℃脱水固定24h以上至脑组织下沉,标本与固定液的比为1:20。待脑组织块沉入容器底部更换一次固定液。
将小鼠脑组织从含蔗糖的多聚甲醛保存液中取出,滤纸吸净残夜,用刀片将两端切成平面,放入装有异戊烷的离心管中,投入液氮罐中冷冻10s左右。取出经冷冻的脑组织,冷冻固定在冷冻切片机(已预冷至-20℃)的标本托上,进行恒冷切片,片厚40μm,收集中脑部位的脑片(用浸润的毛笔粘附)放入含有PBST(3%TritonX-100/0.01MPBS)液的48孔板中。PBST漂洗3次、每次5min,用显现配置的3%H202-甲醇溶液室温30min,以消除内源性过氧化氢酶的活性。PBST漂洗3次、每次5min,用5%山羊血清工作液封闭,室温孵育30min,封闭非特异性结合位点。吸出血清(勿冲洗),加一抗TH,4℃孵育过夜。PBST漂洗3次,5min/次,加入二抗(PBST稀释1:200-300),37℃震荡孵育2h。PBST漂洗3次,5min/次,加入DAB显色,用蒸馏水终止显色反应,贴片,系列乙醇脱水和二甲苯透明,封片。
每组3只小鼠,每只小鼠选取相同部位的8张脑片,共24张脑片,用正置显微镜观察并选取中脑区域拍摄照片,记录小鼠黑质部位阳性神经元数目。结果如图1和图2所示。
实验结果表明,正常组小鼠黑质TH阳性神经元染色深,而模型组染色较浅,分布稀疏,(图1)TH阳性神经元数目与正常组小鼠相比明显减少(P<0.001)。GJ-4 50mg/kg和100mg/kg剂量组均能显著提高小鼠黑质TH阳性神经元数目,且呈剂量依赖性,阳性药L-DOPA对TH阳性神经元的数目无显著影响,司来吉兰能显著提高TH阳性神经元数目。(图2)
四、高效液相检测小鼠脑纹状体中DA的含量
a.小鼠纹状体的分离
小鼠断头处死,迅速取出全脑,立即放入预冷的生理盐水中,在冰台上分离中脑和纹状体,迅速放至液氮中冷冻,然后转移至-80℃冰箱中保存。
b.配制组织匀浆液:
A:0.6mol/L的高氯酸溶液中加入IP,使IP的终浓度为0.375μg/ml,4℃保存。
B:含柠檬酸钾20Mm,磷酸氢二钾300Mm,EDTA·Na2 2Mm,4℃保存。
c.样品处理
纹状体处理均在冰浴条件下进行,遵循低温快速的原则。按照1:10(W:V,即1mg组织样品加入10μlA液)的比例加入4℃的A液,匀浆,4℃,20000g离心20分钟,吸取一定量上清,加入半体积的B液,冰浴30min,混匀,静置,20000g,4℃离心20分钟,吸取上清,20000g,4℃离心20分钟,吸取上清,4℃保存待测。
d.标准品配制
称取一定量的DA溶于0.1M HCLO4中,配制成标准品储备液,取储备液定量混合,用0.1M HCLO4稀释使其浓度为0.1ug/ml。
e.色谱条件
流动相:乙酸钠—柠檬酸缓冲液,含柠檬酸85Mm,无水乙酸钠100Mm,
EDTA·Na2 0.2Mm,先配成850ml,之后加入150ml的甲醇,如果体积不够1L,补加到1L,调节PH为3.68,抽滤后加入适量SOS、正二丁胺使峰完全分离。
仪器参数:泵流速0.2ml/min,检测器检测灵敏度10nA,工作电极:玻碳电极,参比电极:Ag/AgCl,检测点位0.76V,柱温25℃,进样温度4℃,进样量15μl。结果如图3所示。
实验结果表明,与空白对照组小鼠相比,模型组小鼠纹状体多巴胺的含量明显减少(P<0.05)。GJ-4 100mg/kg(P<0.05)可明显提高小鼠纹状体DA的含量,且呈剂量依赖性。阳性药司来吉兰(P<0.01)可显著提高小鼠纹状体DA的含量。阳性药L-DOPA也可提高小鼠脑纹状体中DA的含量。(图3)
综上所述,本发明采用经典的MPTP所致亚急性PD模型对GJ-4的抗PD作用进行评价,通过转棍实验、爬杆实验、免疫组化检测小鼠黑质TH的表达、高效液相检测小鼠脑纹状体中DA的含量等测试,发现高剂量的藏红花色素活性组合物GJ-4可以显著改善小鼠的运动障碍,提高小鼠黑质中TH阳性神经元的数量,同时能够提高小鼠纹状体中DA的含量,并且呈一定的剂量依赖性。由此说明,GJ-4对MPTP所致的PD模型小鼠有显著的治疗作用,表明该组合物具有一定的抗PD活性。提示,藏红花色素类组合物GJ-4作为抗PD药物的研究与开发具有广阔的应用前景。
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明,然而应意识到,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以作出许多其它的更改和修改。因此,这意味着在所附权利要求中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (3)
1.一种藏红花色素组合物在制备用于治疗或改善帕金森症的药物或保健品中的应用,其特征在于,所述藏红花色素组合物是从栀子中提取得到的;
按重量份数计,所述藏红花色素组合物包括:藏红花酸单-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为40~50份,藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为8~12重量份,13Z-藏红花酸双-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为6~8重量份、neocrocin B为5.5~7.5重量份、13Z-藏红花酸-8'-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为8~10重量份、藏红花酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为3.5~5.5重量份、13Z-藏红花酸-8-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷为4~5重量份、藏红花酸双-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为0.5~2.5重量份、藏红花酸单-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为1~3重量份;
其中,所述neocrocin B的结构式如下:
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述藏红花色素组合物的制备方法包括:
采用溶剂提取法提取栀子果实,得到栀子总提取物;用大孔吸附树脂色谱分离所述栀子总提取物,洗脱剂为水和30~95Vol%的乙醇,收集65~75Vol%的乙醇洗脱部分,浓缩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,用所述大孔吸附树脂色谱分离所述栀子总提取物的过程中,依次用3~5倍柱床体积的水、25~35Vol%、45~55Vol%、65~75Vol%、90~100Vol%的乙醇进行梯度洗脱。
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