CN109033589A - A kind of pollutants removal rate calculation method considering LID catharsis based on SWMM model - Google Patents
A kind of pollutants removal rate calculation method considering LID catharsis based on SWMM model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pollutants removal rate calculation methods that LID catharsis is considered based on SWMM model.The following steps are included: (1) extracts pipeline and water catchment area basic data, and these basic datas are input to SWMM model；(2) water quality computing module is added in the SWMM model for having inputted basic data；(3) it on the basis of adding water quality calculating modular model, adds LID measure and simultaneously each sub- water catchment area LID measure area is set；(4) on the basis of adding LID measure model, LID underlying surface is created, parameter is inputted, changes corresponding underlying surface ratio；(5) on the basis of newly-built LID underlay surface model, Impervious surface coverage, moving model are changed.The present invention overcomes existing calculation methods not to consider caused by LID catharsis that calculating error is big, make SWMM model calculate gained LID pollutants removal rate it is more acurrate, closer to true value, have the advantages that it is easy to operate, gear to actual circumstances, accuracy it is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pollutants removal rate calculation methods that LID catharsis is considered based on SWMM model, belong to
Municipal works, environmental project, the crossing domain of sponge urban construction and Computerized Numerical Simulation analogue technique.
Background technique
In existing sponge urban construction, target is controlled, using annual flow overall control rate as runoff volume often with year
SS total amount removal rate controls target as runoff pollution.Wherein, annual flow overall control rate calculating mainly have hydraulic model method and
Volumetric method, volumetric method calculating is more rough, and error calculated is larger；Hydraulic model method calculates more fine, calculated result standard
Exactness is high, therefore generallys use SWMM (StormWaterManagement Model) modelling and input typical annual rainfall and locality soil
Earth data calculate annual flow overall control rate.
Equally, year SS total amount removal rate calculating is also classified into hydraulic model method and equation, and " sponge urban construction technology refers to
South --- low to influence exploitation storm-water system building (tentative) " equation mentioned i.e. " year SS total amount removal rate=annual flow total amount
Control rate × low development facility that influences is to the average removal rate of SS ", but formula default year SS total amount removal rate is less than annual flow
Overall control rate, and equation has ignored initial rainwater scouring effect, i.e. the pollutant of rainfall runoff initial stage accumulation conveying accounts for this
The ratio of play rainfall conveying pollutant burden total amount is greater than accumulation conveying run-off and accounts for play rainfall conveying runoff volume ratio
Example, and LID (Low Impact Development, low influence exploitation) measure is mainly used for coping with initial rainwater, if considering
Initial rainwater scouring effect, then year SS total amount removal rate is likely larger than annual flow overall control rate, therefore there are larger mistakes for equation
Difference.Initial rainwater scouring effect can be considered in SWMM modelling completely, but SWMM model handbook mentions " although some
LID practices can also provide significant pollutant reduction benefits, at
this time SWMM only captures the reduction in runoff mass load resulting from
the reduction in runoff flow volume".I.e. originally after addition LID measure, LID can be cut down in terms of two
Pollutant, 1. LID promotes rainwater infiltration or stores to control part rainwater, and run-off is reduced, and pollution is carried in run-off
Object, run-off reduction cause pollutant to reduce；2. LID measure has catharsis to Rainwater Quality, as sinking greenery patches can make overflow
SS concentration reduces by 60% in rainwater, and concentration reduction causes the total amount of pollutant to reduce, but SWMM model only accounts for first, i.e., because
Run-off reduce and caused by pollutant reduce, in view of Rainwater Quality catharsis is made in Article 2 i.e. LID measure
At pollutant reduce.
Therefore, it is necessory to propose that a kind of pollutants removal rate based on the considerations of SWMM model LID catharsis calculates
Method makes SWMM model meter to overcome error existing when calculating LID pollutant fluxes rate using SWMM model at this stage
Calculate more acurrate, more realistic, the closer true value of gained LID pollutants removal rate.
Summary of the invention
That the purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of error calculateds is smaller, more realistic, closer to true value based on
SWMM model considers the pollutants removal rate calculation method of LID catharsis, larger, inaccurate to make up existing method error
Disadvantage.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention takes following technical scheme.
A kind of pollutants removal rate calculation method considering LID catharsis based on SWMM model, comprising the following steps:
(1) pipeline and water catchment area basic data are extracted, and these basic datas are input to SWMM model；According to existing pipe
Net data, disposal precinct data and topographic(al) data extract the parameters such as length, caliber, the upstream and downstream absolute altitude of each pipeline, and will research
Range is divided into multiple sub- water catchment areas, calculates the deterministic parameters such as area, the gradient, the waterproof percentage of each sub- water catchment area,
Uncertain parameters such as permeable area Manning coefficient, impervious zone Manning coefficient etc. need to adjust repeatedly uncertain according to measured result
Property parameter, until calculated result and measured result are in allowable range of error after adjustment uncertain parameter, areal or close
Areal or the made a search achievement of close regional forefathers can also be used if any forefathers have done related research on adjustment in area, and
The basic datas such as the rainfall data and evaporation data asked for meteorological department, and these basic datas are input to SWMM model；
(2) water quality computing module is added in the SWMM model for having inputted basic data, model before adding as LID:
Add pollutant title, and underlying surface type divided according to remote sensing image or topographic map, underlying surface type be divided into road,
Roof, greenery patches three types extract each underlying surface percentage in each sub- water catchment area.Meanwhile according to actual monitoring data
Pollutant analog parameter is adjusted repeatedly, and calculated result and measured result are in allowable range of error after adjusting parameter, or adopt
With areal or close regional forefathers institute parameter adjusted, pollutant analog parameter, BMP in pollutant analog parameter are set
(Best Management Practices, Best Management Practices) removal rate is set as 0, does not add LID measure, arranges as LID
Apply the preceding SWMM model of addition；
(3) it on the basis of adding water quality calculating modular model, adds LID measure and simultaneously each sub- water catchment area LID measure is set
Area: according to " sponge urban construction technical manual -- low influence exploitation storm-water system building (tentative) ", corresponding LID measure is inputted
Title and superficial layer, soil horizon and water storage layer parameter, and according to design requirement, input each sub- measure face water catchment area difference LID
Long-pending and parameter；
(4) on the basis of adding LID measure model, LID underlying surface is created, parameter is inputted, changes corresponding underlying surface ratio
Example: newly-built LID underlying surface, LID underlying surface include that Green Roof, permeable pavement, sinking greenery patches etc. are respectively used to transformation roof, road
Road, greenery patches, and the pollutant analog parameter of the underlying surfaces such as Green Roof, permeable pavement, sinking greenery patches is in addition to BMP removal rate,
Interval, Availiability, Last Swept, Max.Buildup, Sat.Constant in SWMM model,
The parameters such as Exponent, Coefficient are identical as roof, road, greenery patches underlying surface parameter respectively, Green Roof, permeable paving
It fills, the BMP removal rate in sinking greenery patches is according to practical purification removal rate setting.Simultaneously because increasing new LID underlying surface, need to adjust
Corresponding underlying surface ratio, it is assumed that underlying surface divides when certain sub- water catchment area is not added with LID and proportion is road 30%, roof
40%, greenery patches 30%, by 50% it is roof modified be Green Roof, after adjustment each underlying surface proportion be road 30%, roof
20%, greenery patches 30%, Green Roof 20%；
(5) on the basis of newly-built LID underlay surface model, Impervious surface coverage is changed, moving model: is arranged due to being added to LID
It applies, is such as permeable pavement by road reformation, sub- water catchment area Impervious surface coverage changes, therefore need to change Impervious surface coverage.And increase LID
After measure, the part LID and the non-part LID separate computations, Impervious surface coverage need to be calculated as follows.As model after LID addition, operation
Model before model and LID are added after LID addition extracts the addition LID addition front and back total amount of pollutant, calculates and consider that LID purification is made
Pollutants removal rate.
Further, SWMM model is when calculating pollutant in above-mentioned steps (2), in conjunction with the reality of pollutant generation in reality
Sub- charge for remittance is divided into several underlying surfaces, is routinely divided into road, roof and greenery patches by border situation, and it is each to provide every sub- water catchment area
Underlying surface proportion；Pollutants calculation is divided into hand sweeping, pollutant accumulation i.e. pollutant accumulation for every kind of underlying surface
Rainwash washes away pollutant and flows three big processes with runoff when washing away i.e. rainfall with pollutant.
Further, if without above-mentioned steps (4), calculated results do not consider LID catharsis, i.e., do not consider
LID measure does not consider the reduction of the rain water pollutant concentration of LID measure outflow, such as green room to the catharsis of pollutant
Top makes SS pollutant concentration reduce by 75%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that and technical effect:
The existing pollutants removal rate calculation method based on SWMM model only accounts for LID measure and cuts down run-off, and diameter
The reduction of pollutant caused by pollutant is carried in flow, does not consider that the outflow LID as caused by LID measure catharsis arranges
Pollutant caused by the rain water pollutant concentration applied is reduced is reduced.The present invention is based on the dirts that SWMM model considers LID catharsis
Object removal rate calculation method is contaminated, existing calculation method is overcome and does not consider that calculating error caused by LID catharsis is big, make SWMM
Model calculate gained LID pollutants removal rate it is more acurrate, closer to true value.The present invention have it is easily operated, gear to actual circumstances, be quasi-
The higher advantage of exactness.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is the flow diagram that the present invention works.
Fig. 2 is the principle of the present invention schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The purpose of the present invention is described in further detail combined with specific embodiments below, embodiment cannot herein one by one
It repeats, but therefore embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
(1) pipeline and water catchment area basic data are extracted, and these basic datas are input to SWMM model；According to existing pipe
Net data, disposal precinct data and topographic(al) data extract the parameters such as length, caliber, the upstream and downstream absolute altitude of each pipeline, and will research
Range is divided into multiple sub- water catchment areas, calculates the deterministic parameters such as area, the gradient, the waterproof percentage of each sub- water catchment area,
Uncertain parameters such as permeable area Manning coefficient, impervious zone Manning coefficient etc. need to adjust repeatedly uncertain according to measured result
Property parameter, until calculated result and measured result are in allowable range of error after adjustment uncertain parameter, areal or close
Areal or the made a search achievement of close regional forefathers can also be used if any forefathers have done related research on adjustment in area, and
The basic datas such as the rainfall data and evaporation data asked for meteorological department, and these basic datas are input to SWMM model；
The present embodiment is divided into 194 sub- water catchment areas, 186 nodes, 185 root canal roads according to available data altogether, exists with reference to other scholars
Areal is made a search, and it is as follows to obtain uncertain parameters；
The sub- water catchment area uncertain parameters value of table 1
| Parameter name | Physical significance | Value |
| N-Imperv | Impervious zone Manning coefficient | 0.011 |
| N-Perv | Permeable area Manning coefficient | 0.05 |
| Destore-Imperv | Impervious zone low-lying area water-storage depth/mm | 1.27 |
| Destore-Perv | Permeable area low-lying area water-storage depth/mm | 2.54 |
| Zero-Imperv | Impervious zone is without depression impervious zone percentage/% | 50 |
| MaxRate | Maximum infiltration/(mm.h-1) | 30~75 |
| MinRate | Minimum infiltration rate/(mm.h-1) | 1.2~18 |
| Decay | Permeate attenuation coefficient | 2~7 |
| Drying time | Drying time | 7 |
(2) water quality computing module is added in the SWMM model for having inputted basic data, model before adding as LID:
Add pollutant title, and underlying surface type divided according to remote sensing image or topographic map, underlying surface type be divided into road,
Roof, greenery patches three types extract each underlying surface percentage in each sub- water catchment area.Meanwhile according to actual monitoring data
Pollutant analog parameter is adjusted repeatedly, and calculated result and measured result are in allowable range of error after adjusting parameter, or adopt
With areal or close regional forefathers institute parameter adjusted, pollutant analog parameter, BMP in pollutant analog parameter are set
(Best ManagementPractices, Best Management Practices) removal rate is set as 0, does not add LID measure, arranges as LID
Apply the preceding SWMM model of addition；It is SS that the present embodiment, which creates pollutant, obtains certain sub- water catchment area road, roof, green according to topographic map
Ground accounting, pollutant parameter value are as follows:
2 different underlying surface pollutant analog parameter value of table
(3) it on the basis of adding water quality calculating modular model, adds LID measure and simultaneously each sub- water catchment area LID measure is set
Area: according to " sponge urban construction technical manual -- low influence exploitation storm-water system building (tentative) ", corresponding LID measure is inputted
Title and superficial layer, soil horizon and water storage layer parameter, and according to design requirement, input each sub- measure face water catchment area difference LID
Long-pending and parameter；
3 difference LID Measure Design parameter of table
(4) on the basis of adding LID measure model, LID underlying surface is created, parameter is inputted, changes corresponding underlying surface ratio
Example: newly-built LID underlying surface, LID underlying surface include that Green Roof, permeable pavement, sinking greenery patches etc. are respectively used to transformation roof, road
Road, greenery patches, and the pollutant analog parameter of the underlying surfaces such as Green Roof, permeable pavement, sinking greenery patches is in addition to BMP removal rate,
Interval, Availiability, Last Swept, Max.Buildup, Sat.Constant in SWMM model,
The parameters such as Exponent, Coefficient are identical as roof, road, greenery patches underlying surface parameter respectively, Green Roof, permeable paving
It fills, the BMP removal rate in sinking greenery patches is according to practical purification removal rate setting.The present embodiment is with reference to pertinent literature permeable pavement, green
Color roof, sinking greenery patches are 85%, 75%, 60% to SS purification removal rate, then permeable pavement, Green Roof, sinking greenery patches
BMP removal rate takes 85%, 75%, 60% respectively, and specific pollutant analog parameter is as shown in table 4.Simultaneously because increasing new LID
Underlying surface need to adjust corresponding underlying surface ratio, it is assumed that underlying surface divides when certain sub- water catchment area is not added with LID and proportion is road
Road 30%, roof 40%, greenery patches 30%, by 50% it is roof modified be Green Roof, after adjustment each underlying surface proportion be road
Road 30%, roof 20%, greenery patches 30%, Green Roof 20% (being specifically shown in attached drawing 2)；
4 difference LID measure of table corresponds to underlying surface pollutant analog parameter
(5) on the basis of newly-built LID underlay surface model, Impervious surface coverage is changed, moving model: is arranged due to being added to LID
It applies, is such as permeable pavement by road reformation, sub- water catchment area Impervious surface coverage changes, therefore need to change Impervious surface coverage.And increase LID
After measure, the part LID and the non-part LID separate computations, Impervious surface coverage need to be calculated as follows.As model after LID addition, operation
Model before model and LID are added after LID addition extracts the addition LID addition front and back total amount of pollutant, calculates and consider that LID purification is made
Pollutants removal rate.
The above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be to the present invention
Embodiment restriction.For those of ordinary skill in the art, it can also make on the basis of the above description
Other various forms of variations or variation.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the protection of the claims in the present invention within spirit and principle
Within the scope of.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of pollutants removal rate calculation method for considering LID catharsis based on SWMM model, it is characterised in that this method
The following steps are included:
(1) pipeline and water catchment area basic data are extracted, and these basic datas are input to SWMM model；It is provided according to existing pipe network
Material, disposal precinct data and topographic(al) data, extract length, caliber, the upstream and downstream absolute altitude parameter of each pipeline, and range is divided into
Multiple sub- water catchment areas calculate area, the gradient, waterproof percentage certainty parameter of each sub- water catchment area；Uncertain parameters
For permeable area Manning coefficient, impervious zone Manning coefficient, impervious zone low-lying area water-storage depth, permeable area low-lying area water-storage depth, waterproof
Area needs basis without depression impervious zone percentage, maximum infiltration, minimum infiltration rate, infiltration attenuation coefficient, drying time
Measured result adjusts uncertain parameters repeatedly, until calculated result and measured result are in allowable range of error after adjusting parameter
It is interior；The rainfall data and evaporation data basic data asked for meteorological department, and these basic datas are input to SWMM model；
(2) water quality computing module is added in the SWMM model for having inputted basic data, model before adding as LID: addition
Pollutant title, and underlying surface type is divided according to remote sensing image or topographic map, underlying surface type is divided into road, room
Top, greenery patches three types, extract each underlying surface percentage in each sub- water catchment area；Meanwhile it is anti-according to actual monitoring data
The whole pollutant analog parameter of polyphony, calculated result and measured result are in allowable range of error after adjusting parameter, or use
Areal or close regional forefathers institute parameter adjusted, are arranged pollutant analog parameter, BMP is gone in pollutant analog parameter
Except rate is set as 0, LID measure is not added, SWMM model before adding as LID measure；
(3) it on the basis of adding water quality calculating modular model, adds LID measure and simultaneously each sub- water catchment area LID measure area is set:
Corresponding LID measure title and superficial layer, soil horizon and water storage layer parameter are inputted, and according to design requirement, inputs each sub- charge for remittance
Area's difference LID measure area and parameter；
(4) on the basis of adding LID measure model, LID underlying surface is created, parameter is inputted, changes corresponding underlying surface ratio: is new
Build LID underlying surface, LID underlying surface includes that Green Roof, permeable pavement, sinking greenery patches are respectively used to transformation roof, road, green
Ground, and Green Roof, permeable pavement, sinking greenery patches be in addition to BMP removal rate parameter, Interval in SWMM model,
Availiability, Last Swept, Max.Buildup, Sat.Constant, Exponent, Coefficient parameter point
It is not identical as roof, road, greenery patches underlying surface parameter, Green Roof, permeable pavement, sinking greenery patches BMP removal rate according to reality
Border purifies removal rate setting；Simultaneously because increasing new LID underlying surface, corresponding underlying surface ratio need to be adjusted, it is assumed that certain sub- charge for remittance
When area is not added with LID underlying surface divide and proportion be road 30%, roof 40%, greenery patches 30%, it is roof modified by 50%
For Green Roof, each underlying surface proportion is road 30%, roof 20%, greenery patches 30%, Green Roof 20% after adjustment；
(5) on the basis of newly-built LID underlay surface model, Impervious surface coverage, moving model: due to being added to LID measure, such as are changed
It is permeable pavement by road reformation, sub- water catchment area Impervious surface coverage changes, and need to change Impervious surface coverage；And after addition LID measure,
The part LID and the non-part LID separate computations, Impervious surface coverage need to be calculated as follows；As model after LID addition, operation LID addition
Model before model and LID are added afterwards extracts the addition LID addition front and back total amount of pollutant, calculates the pollution for considering LID catharsis
Object removal rate；
2. a kind of pollutants removal rate calculating side for considering LID catharsis based on SWMM model according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (2) SWMM model when calculating pollutant, in conjunction in reality pollutant generate actual conditions,
Sub- charge for remittance is divided into several underlying surfaces, is routinely divided into road, roof and greenery patches, and provides every sub- each underlying surface institute in water catchment area
Accounting example；Pollutants calculation is divided into hand sweeping, pollutant accumulation i.e. pollutant accumulation and pollutant for every kind of underlying surface
Rainwash washes away pollutant and flows three big processes with runoff when washing away i.e. rainfall.
3. a kind of pollutants removal rate calculating side for considering LID catharsis based on SWMM model according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: pass through newly-built LID underlying surface in step (4) and its BMP removal rate is set to react LID measure to pollution
The removal efficiency of object adds each underlying surface accounting after LID measure by changing corresponding underlying surface ratio reaction, if without the step
Suddenly, then calculated results do not consider LID catharsis, i.e., consider LID measure to the catharsis of pollutant, i.e., not
Consider the reduction of the rain water pollutant concentration of LID measure outflow.
4. a kind of pollutants removal rate calculating side for considering LID catharsis based on SWMM model according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (5) in view of SWMM model after adding LID module, the part LID separates meter with the non-part LID
It calculates, and after addition LID, waterproof area changes, and need to be recalculated according to Impervious surface coverage adjusted, in terms of ensuring
It calculates result and meets reality.
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