CN105868462A - Optimization method for sponge city source control facility design - Google Patents

Optimization method for sponge city source control facility design Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105868462A
CN105868462A CN201610182178.1A CN201610182178A CN105868462A CN 105868462 A CN105868462 A CN 105868462A CN 201610182178 A CN201610182178 A CN 201610182178A CN 105868462 A CN105868462 A CN 105868462A
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facility
simulation
design
sub
sources controlling
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CN105868462B (en
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郭效琛
杜鹏飞
赵冬泉
马洪涛
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Beijing Qing Kong Human Settlement Research Institute Co Ltd
Tsinghua University
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Beijing Qing Kong Human Settlement Research Institute Co Ltd
Tsinghua University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/32—Circuit design at the digital level
    • G06F30/33—Design verification, e.g. functional simulation or model checking
    • G06F30/3323—Design verification, e.g. functional simulation or model checking using formal methods, e.g. equivalence checking or property checking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/152—Water filtration

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization method for sponge city source control facility design. The method comprises the following steps of setting a background reference value of a target region, wherein the background reference value includes a water yield background value and a water quality background value; determining a facility type according to the land occupation type and land conditions of the target region, performing first-level generalized simulation, performing overall rough estimation determination, meeting the requirement of total quantity control, and therefore determining the facility scale; designing specific facility parameters by adopting the facility scale obtained through generalized simulation as the basis, and performing refined simulation to determine the facility designed parameter to meet the requirement of control to be used as the basis of an establishment construction design drawing. The method has the advantages that specific stage division is performed on the target region source control facility design, multi-stage targets are cleared, layering simulation can be performed by sufficiently applying a model for different simulation modes of the source control facility, stepping control is promoted, and the planning and design efficiency can be improved from overall generalization to local elaboration.

Description

A kind of optimization method of sponge city Sources controlling facilities design
Technical field
The present invention relates to the planning and designing technical field of sponge urban construction, specific design one sponge city is built If the optimization method of the planning and designing of Sources controlling facility.
Background technology
Little section is carried out Sources controlling facility and arranges one of important way being by sponge urban construction, The planning and designing stage, it is thus necessary to determine that establishment type, scale, space are arranged and design parameter, and then work out Whole engineering design figure.In this stage, due to facility off-duty, lack actual monitoring data, need Immersive simulation software is simulated, and completes the planning and designing of source facility.Therefore, simulation is made full use of soft The analog functuion of source facility in part, completes the planning and designing of facility, to implementing sponge urban construction target tool Significant.
Conventional simulation softward such as urban drainage pipe network analog systems (DigitalWater Simulation), right The analog form of Sources controlling facility can be roughly divided into generalization simulation and the simulation that becomes more meticulous.Generalization simulation is basis Sources controlling facility kind and ratio that each unit is arranged adjust and arrange sub-water catchment area parameter, and the mould that becomes more meticulous Intending is then to set up every Sources controlling facility and arrange design parameter.
China's sponge urban construction is at the early-stage at present, is still in the exploratory stage, for Sources controlling facility Planning and designing not yet form unified method system.Owing to the stage is not had by current planning and designing method Body divides, and indefinite objectives, utilize modeling to there is certain blindness, not only the most fully Utilize the function of model, more had a strong impact on the efficiency of planning simulation, caused acquired results reliability the highest. Main performance is as follows:
(1) planning and designing method of current sponge city Sources controlling facility, although emphasize to utilize specialty mould Type is simulated, but the analog form of source facility in model is not had full appreciation and understanding, to model Use less than position, and the planning and designing of model correlation function auxiliary source facility cannot be made full use of；
(2) the existing planning and designing for source facility often relate to multiple department, but due to not to rank The careful division of Duan Jinhang also sets each stage objectives, thus causes all departments' target indefinite, is unfavorable for Implementing of responsibility；
(3) current method for designing, the most only utilizes a kind of analog form in model, there is limitation: The most generally changing simulation, acquired results is the most not accurate enough, it is impossible to determine the concrete of facility according to analog result Parameter；And the simulation that directly carries out becoming more meticulous, can be difficult to determine facility scale, integral layout there is also certain Uncertain, it is likely that to need integral layout and scale are adjusted repeatedly, cause the insignificant duplication of labour, Reduce simulation precision.
Summary of the invention
It is contemplated that at least solve one of above-mentioned technical problem.
To this end, it is an object of the present invention to propose the optimization of a kind of sponge city Sources controlling facilities design Method.
To achieve these goals, embodiment of the invention discloses that a kind of sponge city Sources controlling facility sets The optimization method of meter, comprises the following steps: S1: sets up model and calculates the background reference values of target area, its In, described background reference values includes that water yield reference value and water quality reference value, described water yield reference value include first Runoff coefficient α1, the first runoff peak flow P1With the first time to peak T1, described water quality reference value includes First total suspended matter clearance r1(TSS), the first COD clearance r1(COD) and the first total nitrogen is removed Rate r1(TN)；S2: the first level simulation, according to land-use style and the soil condition of described target area, sieve Select establishment type and carry out integral arrangement, generally changing simulation and calculate the second runoff coefficient α2Always hang with second Float clearance r2(TSS), by the second runoff coefficient α2As water yield overall control index, second always suspends Thing clearance r2(TSS) as representative water quality index, comparing with pre-set level, requiring if meeting, Can determine that the scale of every class facility；S3: the second level simulation, carries out facility according to described facility scale Specific design, calculate the 3rd runoff coefficient α according to the parameter designing simulation that carries out becoming more meticulous3, the second peak value stream Amount P2With the second time to peak T2With the 3rd total suspended matter clearance r3(TSS), the second COD is removed Rate r2(COD) and the second nitrogen removal rate r2(TN)；According to the first runoff peak flow P1, the second runoff peak Value flow P2Calculate peak value reduction rate β；According to the first time to peak T1With the second time to peak T2Calculate peak Value Δ T retardation time；By the 3rd runoff coefficient α3, peak value reduction rate β, peak value Δ retardation time T, as Water rate control index, the 3rd total suspended matter goes efficiency r3(TSS), the second COD goes efficiency r2(COD)、 Second nitrogen removal rate r2(TN) require to compare as Water Quality Control Indexes and the control preset, if meeting In requiring then to simulate becoming more meticulous, the parameter designing of every facility is as the foundation of establishment design drawing.
The optimization method of sponge city Sources controlling facilities design according to embodiments of the present invention, to target area The design of Sources controlling facility carries out the stage and specifically divides and the most each phase targets, and can abundant application model Different analog forms to Sources controlling facility, simulate, beneficially grading control, by different level by entirety It is summarized into local fine, improves the efficiency of planning and designing.
It addition, the optimization method of sponge city according to the above embodiment of the present invention Sources controlling facilities design, Can also have a following additional technical characteristic:
Further, in step S2 and S3, urban drainage pipe network analog systems is utilized to be simulated, will The analog form of Sources controlling facility is summarised as generally changing simulation and the simulation that becomes more meticulous by software；In step s 2 Using and generally change analog form, described generalization analog form is the Sources controlling facility kind arranged according to each unit And ratio adjusts and arranges sub-water catchment area parameter；Use the analog form that becomes more meticulous, described essence in step s3 Refinement analog form is for setting up every Sources controlling facility and arranging design parameter.
Further, step S1 further includes steps of S101: according to the soil of described target area Ground use pattern, drainage pipeline networks and soil elevation information divide sub-water catchment area, set up sub-water catchment area model；S102: Statistics based on described target area, on the spot Monitoring Data and literature survey, select to infiltrate, conflux, Hydraulic model and pollutant are accumulated and Wash-off Model, and line parameter of going forward side by side is arranged；S103: according to described target area The control target in territory and weather conditions, input rainfall, and the simulation water yield and water quality are as described background reference values.
Further, step S2 further includes steps of S201: analyze the soil of each sub-water catchment area Use pattern and condition, consider Financial cost, determines that the Sources controlling facility that each several part is suitable for carries out whole Body is arranged, clearly rainwater path and the current relation of each water catchment area after transformation；S202: set based on Sources controlling Execute integral arrangement and the planning of scheme, according to the setting of relevant parameter in existing document and each sub-water catchment area facility Use ratio, adjust Sources controlling facility sub-water catchment area relevant parameter, generally change simulation；S203: According to generally changing analog result, true in terms of water yield overall control and representative pollutant TSS removal effect two Recognize integral layout scheme and could be basically completed control target, so that it is determined that the scale of every facility.
Further, in step S202, the sub-water catchment area relevant parameter of described adjustment Sources controlling facility Further include steps of in terms of water yield simulation, adjust the parameter of described sub-water catchment area；For ecology The simulation of delaying basin, when facility occupies sub-water catchment area entire area, by waterproof the hundred of described sub-water catchment area Proportion by subtraction is set to 5% 20%, and low-lying area, permeable earth's surface storage capacity is set to 30mm 50mm；Mould for permeable pavement Intend, when facility occupies sub-water catchment area entire area, the waterproof percentage ratio of described sub-water catchment area is set to 15% 25%, maximum infiltration rate is set to 165mm/hr 175mm/hr；In terms of simulation of water quality, by source Head control facility is as single land use pattern, and described sub-water catchment area is carried out land type setting； In pollutant wash away, arranging ecostagnation pond to the preferred removal efficiency interval of total suspended matter is: [60%, 80%]；In pollutant wash away, permeable pavement is set the preferred removal efficiency of total suspended matter is taken Value interval is: [70%, 90%].
Further, step S3 further includes steps of S301: according to having of Sources controlling facility Pass standard, carries out the design of facility parameters；S302: according to the scale of all kinds of facilities that step S2 determines, Set up all kinds of facility in a model, and design parameter is set, carry out the simulation that becomes more meticulous；S303: according to finely Change analog result, in terms of the water yield, by runoff coefficient, runoff peak value reduction rate and runoff peak value retardation time As index；In terms of water quality, using all kinds of pollutants removal rates as index, confirm that design is the fullest Foot controls requirement, so that it is determined that the design parameter design of every facility, as the foundation of establishment construction drawing.
Further, in step S1-S3, weigh runoff volume by runoff coefficient α and cut down situation,Wherein,For the average height of run-off in water catchment area in flush period, DiFor each sub-charge for remittance District's height of run-off, SiFor the area of each sub-water catchment area, D is rainfall.
Further, in step sl, P is obtained1And T1And in step S3, obtain P2And T2And count Calculate peak value reduction rate β and peak value Δ retardation time T farther includes: the discharge outlet of described target area is painted Process streams discharge curve processed, map Q by discharge outlet flow versus timet-t； Wherein, QtFor the flow that discharge outlet t is corresponding,iFor t The flow of sub-drainage area,iFor the characteristic width of sub-water catchment area,iIt is the graceful the most coarse of this sub-water catchment area Coefficient, DiFor the height of run-off of this sub-water catchment area,pFor low-lying area, earth's surface storage capacity,iThe gradient for sub-water catchment area； Judge peak flow P and time T corresponding to peak value according to described process streams discharge curve, and calculate peak value and cut down Rate β and peak value Δ retardation time T；Wherein, P1For the peak flow corresponding without discharge outlet process streams discharge curve in the case of Sources controlling facility, P2For design source The peak flow that after head control facility, discharge outlet process streams discharge curve is corresponding,For without Sources controlling facility feelings The flow that under condition, discharge outlet each moment is corresponding,Corresponding for discharge outlet each moment after design Sources controlling facility Flow；Δ T=T1-T2, wherein, T1For without discharge outlet process streams discharge curve peak in the case of Sources controlling facility Time corresponding to value, T2Corresponding to discharge outlet process streams discharge curve peak value after design Sources controlling facility Time.
Further, in step S1-S3, calculate total suspended matter, COD and three kinds of dirts of total nitrogen The clearance r of dye thing weighs r=(M1-M2)/M1, wherein, M1For the gross accumulation amount of pollutant, M2 Pollutant load in washing away for runoff；Wherein, BiFor pollutant a certain land used class The unit are accumulation of type,iFloor space for this land-use style；Unit are accumulation BiAvailable Different functions calculate, and utilization index function calculatesWherein,For a certain The cumulative maximum amount of land-use style,Cumulative speed index, t is accumulated time；Runoff wash away in pollution Thing content M2Time rainfall mean concentration is utilized to calculateWherein, C3Pollutant Secondary rainfall mean concentration, is corresponding runoff cumulative volume,tBeing time dependent run-off, t is Runoff total time.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will part be given in the following description, and part will be retouched from following Become obvious in stating, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or the additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from combining the accompanying drawings below description to embodiment Will be apparent from easy to understand, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the optimization method of the planning and designing of the sponge urban construction of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the index system signal that the present invention weighs Sources controlling facility the second level simulation control effect Figure；
Fig. 3 is that schematic diagram is generally changed in the region of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the process streams discharge curve schematic diagram of the facility without Sources controlling of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 be one embodiment of the invention Sources controlling transformation of facility after rainwater path schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the process streams discharge curve schematic diagram of the second level simulation of one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein certainly Begin to same or similar label eventually represent same or similar element or there is the unit of same or like function Part.The embodiment described below with reference to accompanying drawing is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and can not It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In describing the invention, it is to be understood that term " " center ", " longitudinally ", " laterally ", " on ", D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end ", " interior ", " outward " etc. Orientation or the position relationship of instruction are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, are for only for ease of description The present invention and simplification describe rather than indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific side Position, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, be therefore not considered as limiting the invention.Additionally, term " first ", " second " are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicate or hint relative importance.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " peace Dress ", should be interpreted broadly " being connected ", " connection ", for example, it may be fix connection, it is also possible to be removable Unload connection, or be integrally connected；Can be to be mechanically connected, it is also possible to be electrical connection；Can be to be joined directly together, Can also be indirectly connected to by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.General for this area For logical technical staff, above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood with concrete condition.
With reference to explained below and accompanying drawing, it will be clear that these and other aspects of embodiments of the invention.At this In a little descriptions and accompanying drawing, specifically disclose some particular implementation in embodiments of the invention, represent Implement some modes of the principle of embodiments of the invention, but it is to be understood that the model of embodiments of the invention Enclose not limited.On the contrary, embodiments of the invention include falling into the spirit of attached claims and interior All changes, amendment and equivalent in the range of culvert.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the excellent of sponge city Sources controlling facilities design according to embodiments of the present invention is described Change method.
Refer to Fig. 1, the optimization method of a kind of sponge city Sources controlling facilities design, comprise the following steps:
S1: setting up model and calculate the background reference values of target area, wherein, background reference values includes that the water yield is joined Examining value and water quality reference value, water yield reference value includes the first runoff coefficient α1, the first runoff peak flow P1 With the first time to peak T1, water quality reference value includes the first total suspended matter clearance r1(TSS), the first chemistry Oxygen demand clearance r1(COD) and the first nitrogen removal rate r1(TN)。
In one embodiment of the invention, step S1 further includes steps of
S101: divide son according to land use pattern, drainage pipeline networks and the soil elevation information of target area and converge Pool, sets up sub-water catchment area model.
S102: statistics, on the spot Monitoring Data and literature survey of based on target area, select infiltrate, Conflux, hydraulic model and pollutant accumulation and Wash-off Model, line parameter of going forward side by side arrange.
S103: according to control target and the weather conditions of target area, inputs rainfall, the simulation water yield and water quality As background reference values.
In step S2 and S3, need to utilize professional software that Sources controlling facility is simulated, two steps Target is different and uses different analog form: utilize immersive simulation software urban drainage pipe network analog systems (DigitalWater Simulation) is simulated, and software is summarized the analog form of Sources controlling facility For generalization simulation and the simulation that becomes more meticulous.Use in step s 2 and generally change analog form, i.e. according to each unit cloth The Sources controlling facility kind put and ratio adjust and arrange sub-water catchment area parameter；Use essence in step s3 Refinement analog form, i.e. sets up every Sources controlling facility and arranges design parameter.
S2: the first level simulation, according to land-use style and the soil condition of target area, screens establishment type And carry out integral arrangement, generally change simulation and calculate the second runoff coefficient α2With the second total suspended matter clearance r2(TSS), by the second runoff coefficient α2As water yield overall control index, the second total suspended matter clearance r2(TSS) as representative water quality index, comparing with pre-set level, if meeting requirement, can determine that every class The scale of facility.
In one embodiment of the invention, step S2 further includes steps of
S201: analyze land use pattern and the condition of each sub-water catchment area, consider Financial cost, determine The Sources controlling facility that each several part is suitable for carries out integral arrangement, clearly rainwater path and each water catchment area after transformation Current relation.
S202: integral arrangement based on Sources controlling embodiment and planning, according to ginseng relevant in existing document The setting of number and the use ratio of each sub-water catchment area facility, adjust the relevant ginseng in sub-water catchment area of Sources controlling facility Number, generally changes simulation.
Specifically, the sub-water catchment area relevant parameter adjusting Sources controlling facility further includes steps of
In terms of water yield simulation, adjust the parameter of sub-water catchment area.
For the simulation in ecostagnation pond, when facility occupies sub-water catchment area entire area, by sub-water catchment area Waterproof percentage ratio is set to 5% 20%, and low-lying area, permeable earth's surface storage capacity is set to 30mm 50mm.
For the simulation of permeable pavement, when facility occupies sub-water catchment area entire area, by sub-water catchment area not Permeable percentage ratio is set to 15% 25%, and maximum infiltration rate is set to 165mm/hr 175mm/hr.
In terms of simulation of water quality, using Sources controlling facility as single land use pattern, and antithetical phrase charge for remittance District carries out land type setting.
In pollutant wash away, arranging ecostagnation pond to the preferred removal efficiency interval of total suspended matter is: [60%, 80%].
In pollutant wash away, arranging permeable pavement to the preferred removal efficiency interval of total suspended matter is: [70%, 90%].
S203: according to generally changing analog result, removes effect from water yield overall control and representative pollutant TSS Really two aspects confirm that integral layout scheme could be basically completed control target, so that it is determined that the scale of every facility.
S3: the second level simulation, carries out the specific design of facility, enters according to parameter designing according to facility scale Row becomes more meticulous to simulate and calculates the 3rd runoff coefficient α3, the second peak flow P2With the second time to peak T2With Three total suspended matter clearance r3(TSS), the second COD clearance r2(COD) and the second nitrogen removal rate r2(TN).According to the first runoff peak flow P1, the second runoff peak flow P2Calculate peak value reduction rate β. According to the first time to peak T1With the second time to peak T2Calculate peak value Δ retardation time T.Specifically, please join Examine the index system shown in Fig. 2.By the 3rd runoff coefficient α3, peak value reduction rate β, peak value Δ retardation time T, make For water rate control index, the 3rd total suspended matter goes efficiency r3(TSS), the second COD goes efficiency r2(COD), the second nitrogen removal rate r2(TN) require to compare as Water Quality Control Indexes and default control Relatively, require if meeting, using the parameter designing of every facility in the simulation that becomes more meticulous as establishment design drawing Foundation.
In one embodiment of the invention, step S3 further includes steps of
S301: according to the relevant standard of Sources controlling facility, carry out the design of facility parameters.
S302: according to the scale of all kinds of facilities that step S2 determines, set up all kinds of facility in a model, and Design parameter is set, carries out the simulation that becomes more meticulous.
S303: according to the analog result that becomes more meticulous, in terms of the water yield, by runoff coefficient, runoff peak value reduction rate With runoff peak value retardation time as index；In terms of water quality, using all kinds of pollutants removal rates as index, Confirm whether design meets and control requirement, so that it is determined that the design parameter design of every facility, as volume The foundation of construction drawing processed.
In step sl, P is obtained1And T1And in step S3, obtain P2And T2And calculate peak value reduction Rate β and peak value Δ retardation time T.
Discharge outlet drawing process flow curve to target area, map Q by discharge outlet flow versus timet-t；
Q t = Σ i = 1 n Q i
Q i = W i 1.49 n i ( D i - D p ) S i / 3 · S i 1 / 2
Wherein, QtFor the flow that discharge outlet t is corresponding,iFor the flow of the sub-drainage area of t,iFor The characteristic width of sub-water catchment area,iIt is the Manning's roughness coefficient of this sub-water catchment area, DiFootpath for this sub-water catchment area Flow depth degree,pFor low-lying area, earth's surface storage capacity,iThe gradient for sub-water catchment area；
Judge peak flow P and time T corresponding to peak value according to process streams discharge curve, and calculate peak value and cut down Rate β and peak value Δ retardation time T；
β = ( P 1 - P 2 ) / P 1 = ( maxQ t 1 - maxQ t 2 ) / maxQ t 1
Wherein, P1For the peak flow corresponding without discharge outlet process streams discharge curve in the case of Sources controlling facility, P2For peak flow corresponding to discharge outlet process streams discharge curve after design Sources controlling facility,For without source The flow that in the case of control facility, discharge outlet each moment is corresponding,For discharge outlet after design Sources controlling facility The flow that each moment is corresponding；
Δ T=T1-T2
Wherein, T1For without the time corresponding to discharge outlet process streams discharge curve peak value in the case of Sources controlling facility, T2For the time corresponding to discharge outlet process streams discharge curve peak value after design Sources controlling facility.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, weigh runoff volume by runoff coefficient α and cut down situation,
α = D ‾ / D , D ‾ Σ i = 1 n D i · S i Σ i = 1 n S i
Wherein,For the average height of run-off in water catchment area in flush period, DiFor each sub-water catchment area height of run-off, SiFor The area of each sub-water catchment area, D is rainfall.
The clearance r calculating total suspended matter, COD and three kinds of pollutant of total nitrogen weighs
R=(M1-M2)/M1
Wherein, M1For the gross accumulation amount of pollutant, M2Pollutant load in washing away for runoff；
M 1 = Σ i = 1 n B i · S i
Wherein, BiFor the unit are accumulation of a certain land-use style of pollutant,iAccounting for for this land-use style Ground area；
Unit are accumulation BiAvailable different function calculates, and utilization index function calculates
B i = C 1 i ( 1 - e - c 2 i t )
Wherein,For the cumulative maximum amount of a certain land-use style,Cumulative speed index, when t is for accumulation Between；
Runoff wash away in pollutant load M2Time rainfall mean concentration is utilized to calculate
M 2 = C 3 V = C 3 ∫ 0 t Q t d t
Wherein, C3Pollutant time rainfall mean concentration, is corresponding runoff cumulative volume,tIt is to become in time The run-off changed, t is runoff total time.
The optimization method of sponge city Sources controlling facilities design according to embodiments of the present invention, utilizes specialty mould Intend software, in the planning stage, Sources controlling facility is carried out the simulative optimization of 2 levels, this method main Advantage is:
(1) design of target area Sources controlling facility is specifically divided into 2 stages, clear and definite not same order The objectives of section, the target of first stage determines that the scale of every Sources controlling facility, second stage Target then determines that design parameter and the space layout of each facility；Different phase can be responsible for by different departments, It is easy to grading control and duty fulfillment.
(2) for the target of different phase, use different index systems and analog form, make full use of The simulation softward analog functuion to Sources controlling facility, it is to avoid the duplication of labour, improves planning and designing efficiency.
(3) generally change with the first level and be modeled as basis and carry out the second level and become more meticulous simulation, in overall size The method meeting the specific design carrying out facility parameters after controlling to require again；Both avoiding can in overall size Carry out the such meaningless task of parameter designing in the case of being still unsatisfactory for condition, also ensure that final scheme There is higher reliability.
For making it is further understood that the present invention, will be described in detail by following example.
Step S1: the simulation of background value
S101 water catchment area model is set up
As it is shown on figure 3, be target area land used schematic diagram, this section can be roughly divided into west side dormitory area and The Office Area in east side, floor space 13525.7m2, green percentage 40%, building area 3464m2, account for 25.6%, in conjunction with actual drainage situation, whole survey region is divided, 36, the most sub-water catchment area, Discharge outlet 2.
S102 model parameter is arranged
In the target area, the land use pattern being mainly concerned with is greenery patches, road, comprehensive land and builds Build roofing, DigitalWater Simulation sets up model, use Horton Infiltration Model simulation fall Rain infiltration process, conflux employing nonlinear reservoir model, and dynamic wave model selected by hydraulic model, and pollutant tire out Long-pending employing exponential Function Model, pollutant wash away employing time rainfall mean concentration (EMC function).Relate to Major parameter value as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Land use pattern Greenery patches Road Comprehensive land Roofing
Impermeable percentage ratio % 50 100 100 100
Waterproof earth's surface roughness 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.011
Permeable earth's surface roughness 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Low-lying area, permeable earth's surface storage capacity mm 12 5 5 5
Low-lying area, waterproof earth's surface storage capacity mm 2 2 2 2
Saturated model Horton Horton Horton Horton
Maximum infiltration rate mm/hr 76 45 45 45
Minimum infiltration rate mm/hr 18 6 6 6
Attenuation quotient hr-1 4 4 4 4
Table 1 land use pattern and relevant parameter table
Table 2 simulation of water quality relevant parameter table
S103 rainfall input and background value simulation
Design rainfall pattern selects Chicago model, and rainfall duration is 120min, and rain peak is 0.4 relative to position, weight Current is 1 year.Use provincial capital's raininess computing formula of this experimental city place province Wherein, P is the return period, and t is rainfall duration (min).Designing total rainfall is 47.27mm, average rainfall intensity 23.12mm/hr, peak value raininess 125.06mm/hr.
Moving model, the simulated target region water yield and water quality situation, as background reference values.
Drawing the process streams discharge curve of discharge outlet 1,2 as shown in Figure 4, the runoff peak value of discharge outlet 1 is 0.07m3/ s, corresponding time to peak is 58min, and the runoff peak value of discharge outlet 2 is 0.15m3/ s, during peak value Between be 58min.The average height of run-off in target area is 27.314mm, and runoff coefficient is 0.578.
Water quality situation is weighed with the clearance of each pollutant, and concrete numerical value is as shown in table 3.
Pollutant Gross accumulation amount Kg Run-off kg Clearance %
TSS 16.98 12.131 28.6
COD 12.550 7.990 36.3
TN 0.570 0.324 43.2
Table 3 is without each pollutants removal rate table of Sources controlling facility
The control target assuming this target area is: for the small-sized rainfall that the return period is 1 year, in water yield control Aspect processed, runoff volume control more than 60%, i.e. runoff coefficient be less than 0.4, and runoff peak value have reduction, Time to peak has postponement；In terms of water quality, pollutants removal rate reaches more than 50%.Current background value and mesh Mark still has a certain distance.
Step S2: the first level generally changes simulation
The preliminary layout of S201 Sources controlling facility
According to regional background value and the requirement of control target, regional planning agency at the beginning of being responsible for Sources controlling facility is carried out Step is arranged and determines scale.
Being analyzed land use pattern in region and condition, sub-water catchment area, original greenery patches can arrange ecological stagnant Stay pond, gross area 2042.75m2, account for 15.1%；Water catchment area, original parking ground can use permeable pavement, It transform ecological parking lot, gross area 1084.03m as2, account for 8.0%.After using Sources controlling transformation of facility Rainwater pathway figure is as shown in Figure 5.
The simulative optimization of S202 the first level generally changes simulation
In terms of water yield simulation, according to establishment type and applicating ratio, to the sub-charge for remittance using ecostagnation pond District's parameter is adjusted, and waterproof percentage ratio is set to 10%, and low-lying area, permeable earth's surface storage capacity is set to 40mm；Make With the sub-water catchment area of permeable pavement, waterproof percentage ratio being set to 20%, maximum infiltration coefficient is set to 173.4mm/hr。
In terms of the simulation of Water-quality control effect, according to existing total to every Sources controlling facility comprehensive benefit Knot, ecostagnation pond is 10 80% to the clearance of TSS；The clearance of TSS is by permeable pavement 59 87%.Using ecostagnation pond and permeable pavement as individually in DigitalWater Simulation Land use pattern, take high level and the best management practices to TSS (BMP) removal efficiency be set respectively It is 80% and 90%.
Utilize generalization parameter to be simulated, be the rainfall intensity of 1a for the return period, in runoff volume control Aspect, obtaining zone leveling height of run-off is 17.654mm, and runoff coefficient is 0.373.Water quality aspect is with dirt The clearance of dye thing TSS is weighed, and gross accumulation amount is 16.908kg, and it is 7.760kg that runoff washes away content, Calculating clearance is 54.3%.
S203 the first level simulation acquired results is comprehensively analyzed and is determined facility scale
First level is generally changed the control effect in terms of the water yield that obtains of simulation and water quality enter with background reference values Row contrast, as shown in table 4.
Table 4 is generally changed simulation Sources controlling facility and is controlled effect table
By contrast it can be seen that current preliminary arrangement, can in terms of runoff volume and Water-quality control Substantially meet control requirement, it may be determined that in scheme, ecostagnation pond occupies whole existing greenery area (i.e. at present Target area 15.1%) and permeable pavement for the scale in all parking lots (i.e. target area 8.0%) be Basic feasible solution.
Based on the analysis to target area land use pattern, consider control target and economic condition, sieve Choosing also tentatively arranges ecostagnation pond and permeable pavement two class Sources controlling facility, utilizes model generally to change simulation Mode carries out the simulative optimization of the first level.Control with runoff volume and TSS clearance weighs source for index Head embodiment control effect in terms of the water yield and water quality, it is determined that the scale of facility, for facility Specific design provides basis.
Step S3: the second level becomes more meticulous simulation
The specific design of S301 Sources controlling facility
Generalization analog form is utilized to complete after first stage target i.e. determines facility scale at planning department, by building Set a trap or other designing units are according to relevant design standard, each sub-water catchment area design Sources controlling facility is carried out The design of design parameter, ecostagnation pond design parameter is as shown in table 5, permeable pavement design parameter such as table 6 Shown in.
Table 5 ecostagnation pond parameter designing table
Table 6 permeable pavement parameter designing table
(note: closed conduit parameters value is 0 represents that Sources controlling facility is not provided with pipe duct system.)
The simulative optimization of S302 the second level becomes more meticulous simulation
The scale determined according to the first level simulative optimization, increases in DigitalWater Simulation If ecostagnation pond and permeable pavement two class Sources controlling facility, and it is each with the simulation that becomes more meticulous to arrange design parameter The item facility impact on drainage system.
It is the rainfall intensity of 1a for the return period, draws process streams discharge curve such as Fig. 6 institute of discharge outlet 1,2 Showing, the runoff peak value of discharge outlet 1 is 0.02m3/ s, corresponding time to peak is 70min, discharge outlet 2 Runoff peak value is 0.11m3/ s, time to peak is 58min.Zone leveling height of run-off is 16.384mm, footpath Stream coefficient is 0.346.
Water quality situation is weighed with the clearance of pollutant TSS, COD and TN, calculates concrete numerical value such as Shown in table 7.
Pollutant Gross accumulation amount Kg Runoff content kg Clearance %
TSS 16.98 7.663 54.9
COD 12.550 5.004 60.1
TN 0.570 0.170 70.2
The table 7 second level simulation each pollutants removal rate of Sources controlling facility
The comprehensive analysis of S303 the second level simulation acquired results determines design parameter
Control effect in terms of the water yield that obtains of simulation and water quality that the second layer is become more meticulous and background reference values and First level simulation acquired results contrasts, as shown in table 8.
82 level simulation Sources controlling facilities of table control Contrast on effect table
After the contrast of table 8 is it can be seen that arrange design parameter, runoff coefficient declines further, second In level simulation, runoff volume is had and preferably controls effect.Discharge outlet 1 peak flow is cut down inconspicuous But time to peak is substantially postponed, discharge outlet 2 is then that peak flow is substantially cut down but time to peak is without substantially pushing away Late.In terms of Water-quality control, TSS clearance and the first level that the second level simulation obtains are close, And the clearance of other two pollutant COD and TN is the most all more than 50%, meets and control requirement.
According to the analog result of the second level, the control effect in terms of the water yield and water quality is reached control and wants Asking, table 5 and table 6 design for the design parameter of ecostagnation pond and permeable pavement two class Sources controlling facility It is feasible, can be as the foundation of engineering construction figure establishment.
The first stage of this sponge urban target region Sources controlling facilities design is responsible for by regional planning agency, to determine Sources controlling establishment type and scale are target, use the mode of generalization simulation to carry out overall rough estimate；In scale On the premise of determining, carry out the simulative optimization of the second level, construction bureau carry out the design of Sources controlling facility, To determine that concrete space layout and design parameter, as target, use the mode of the simulation that becomes more meticulous to be simulated, Obtain design eventually.So the simulative optimization method of hierarchical classification time, not only increases the efficiency of planning and designing, It is beneficial to grading control, also improves the reliability of design.
It addition, the optimization method of the planning and designing of the sponge urban construction of the embodiment of the present invention other constitute with And effect is the most all known, in order to reduce redundancy, do not repeat.
In the description of this specification, reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", The description of " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to combine this embodiment or example describes specific features, Structure, material or feature are contained at least one embodiment or the example of the present invention.In this manual, The schematic representation of above-mentioned term is not necessarily referring to identical embodiment or example.And, the tool of description Body characteristics, structure, material or feature can be with properly in any one or more embodiments or example Mode combine.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: These embodiments can be carried out in the case of without departing from the principle of the present invention and objective multiple change, amendment, Replacing and modification, the scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.

Claims (9)

1. the optimization method of a sponge city Sources controlling facilities design, it is characterised in that include following Step:
S1: setting up model and calculate the background reference values of target area, wherein, described background reference values includes water Amount reference value and water quality reference value, described water yield reference value includes the first runoff coefficient α1, the first runoff peak value Flow P1With the first time to peak T1, described water quality reference value includes the first total suspended matter clearance r1(TSS), First COD clearance r1(COD) and the first nitrogen removal rate r1(TN)；
S2: the first level simulation, according to land-use style and the soil condition of described target area, screens facility Type also carries out integral arrangement, generally changes simulation and calculates the second runoff coefficient α2Go with the second total suspended matter Except rate r2(TSS),
By the second runoff coefficient α2As water yield overall control index, the second total suspended matter clearance r2(TSS) As representative water quality index, comparing with pre-set level, if meeting requirement, can determine that every class facility Scale；
S3: the second level simulation, carries out the specific design of facility, sets according to parameter according to described facility scale Meter carries out simulation calculating the 3rd runoff coefficient α that becomes more meticulous3, the second peak flow P2With the second time to peak T2 With the 3rd total suspended matter clearance r3(TSS), the second COD clearance r2(COD) and the second total nitrogen goes Except rate r2(TN)；
According to the first runoff peak flow P1, the second runoff peak flow P2Calculate peak value reduction rate β；
According to the first time to peak T1With the second time to peak T2Calculate peak value Δ retardation time T；
By the 3rd runoff coefficient α3, peak value reduction rate β, peak value Δ retardation time T, as water rate control index, 3rd total suspended matter goes efficiency r3(TSS), the second COD goes efficiency r2(COD), the second total nitrogen is removed Rate r2(TN) requiring to compare as Water Quality Control Indexes and the control preset, requiring if meeting, will be fine In change simulation, the parameter designing of every facility is as the foundation of establishment design drawing.
The optimization method of sponge city the most according to claim 1 Sources controlling facilities design, it is special Levy and be, in step S2 and S3, utilize urban drainage pipe network analog systems to be simulated, by software pair The analog form of Sources controlling facility is summarised as generally changing simulation and the simulation that becomes more meticulous；
Using in step s 2 and generally change analog form, described generalization analog form is to arrange according to each unit Sources controlling facility kind and ratio adjust and arrange sub-water catchment area parameter；
Use in step s3 and become more meticulous analog form, described in become more meticulous analog form for setting up every source Control facility and design parameter is set.
The optimization method of sponge city the most according to claim 1 Sources controlling facilities design, it is special Levying and be, step S1 further includes steps of
S101: divide according to land use pattern, drainage pipeline networks and the soil elevation information of described target area Sub-water catchment area, sets up sub-water catchment area model；
S102: statistics based on described target area, on the spot Monitoring Data and literature survey, select into Ooze, conflux, hydraulic model and pollutant accumulation and Wash-off Model, line parameter of going forward side by side is arranged；
S103: according to control target and the weather conditions of described target area, inputs rainfall, the simulation water yield and Water quality is as described background reference values.
The optimization method of sponge city the most according to claim 3 Sources controlling facilities design, it is special Levying and be, step S2 further includes steps of
S201: analyze land use pattern and the condition of each sub-water catchment area, consider Financial cost, determine The Sources controlling facility that each several part is suitable for carries out integral arrangement, clearly rainwater path and each water catchment area after transformation Current relation；
S202: integral arrangement based on Sources controlling embodiment and planning, according to ginseng relevant in existing document The setting of number and the use ratio of each sub-water catchment area facility, adjust the relevant ginseng in sub-water catchment area of Sources controlling facility Number, generally changes simulation；
S203: according to generally changing analog result, removes effect from water yield overall control and representative pollutant TSS Really two aspects confirm that integral layout scheme could be basically completed control target, so that it is determined that the scale of every facility.
The optimization method of sponge city the most according to claim 4 Sources controlling facilities design, it is special Levying and be, in step S202, the sub-water catchment area relevant parameter of described adjustment Sources controlling facility is further Comprise the following steps:
In terms of water yield simulation, adjust the parameter of described sub-water catchment area；
For the simulation in ecostagnation pond, when facility occupies sub-water catchment area entire area, by described sub-charge for remittance The waterproof percentage ratio in district is set to 5% 20%, and low-lying area, permeable earth's surface storage capacity is set to 30mm 50mm；
For the simulation of permeable pavement, when facility occupies sub-water catchment area entire area, by described sub-water catchment area Waterproof percentage ratio be set to 15% 25%, maximum infiltration rate is set to 165mm/hr 175mm/hr；
In terms of simulation of water quality, using Sources controlling facility as single land use pattern, and to described son Water catchment area carries out land type setting；
In pollutant wash away, arranging ecostagnation pond to the preferred removal efficiency interval of total suspended matter is: [60%, 80%]；
In pollutant wash away, arranging permeable pavement to the preferred removal efficiency interval of total suspended matter is: [70%, 90%].
The optimization method of sponge city the most according to claim 2 Sources controlling facilities design, it is special Levying and be, step S3 further includes steps of
S301: according to the relevant standard of Sources controlling facility, carry out the design of facility parameters；
S302: according to the scale of all kinds of facilities that step S2 determines, set up all kinds of facility in a model, and Design parameter is set, carries out the simulation that becomes more meticulous；
S303: according to the analog result that becomes more meticulous, in terms of the water yield, by runoff coefficient, runoff peak value reduction rate With runoff peak value retardation time as index；In terms of water quality, using all kinds of pollutants removal rates as index, Confirm whether design meets and control requirement, so that it is determined that the design parameter design of every facility, as volume The foundation of construction drawing processed.
7. according to the optimization method of the arbitrary described sponge city Sources controlling facilities design of claim 1-6, It is characterized in that, in step S1-S3,
Weigh runoff volume by runoff coefficient α and cut down situation,
α = D ‾ / D , D ‾ = Σ i = 1 n D i · S i Σ i = 1 n S i
Wherein,For the average height of run-off in water catchment area in flush period, DiFor each sub-water catchment area height of run-off, SiFor The area of each sub-water catchment area, D is rainfall.
8. according to the optimization method of the arbitrary described sponge city Sources controlling facilities design of claim 1-6, It is characterized in that, in step sl, obtain P1And T1And in step S3, obtain P2And T2And calculate Peak value reduction rate β and peak value Δ retardation time T farther include:
Discharge outlet drawing process flow curve to described target area, maps discharge outlet flow versus time Qt-t；
Q t = Σ i = 1 n Q i
Q i = W i 1.49 n i ( D i - D p ) s i / 3 · s i 1 / 2
Wherein, QtFor the flow that discharge outlet t is corresponding, QiFor the flow of the sub-drainage area of t, WiFor The characteristic width of sub-water catchment area, niIt is the Manning's roughness coefficient of this sub-water catchment area, DiFootpath for this sub-water catchment area Flow depth degree, DpFor low-lying area, earth's surface storage capacity, siThe gradient for sub-water catchment area；
Judge peak flow P and time T corresponding to peak value according to described process streams discharge curve, and calculate peak value Reduction rate β and peak value Δ retardation time T；
β = ( P 1 - P 2 ) / P 1 = ( maxQ t 1 - maxQ t 2 ) / maxQ t 1
Wherein, P1For the peak flow corresponding without discharge outlet process streams discharge curve in the case of Sources controlling facility, P2For peak flow corresponding to discharge outlet process streams discharge curve after design Sources controlling facility,For without source The flow that in the case of control facility, discharge outlet each moment is corresponding,For discharge outlet after design Sources controlling facility The flow that each moment is corresponding；
Δ T=T1-T2
Wherein, T1For without the time corresponding to discharge outlet process streams discharge curve peak value in the case of Sources controlling facility, T2For the time corresponding to discharge outlet process streams discharge curve peak value after design Sources controlling facility.
9. according to the optimization method of the arbitrary described sponge city Sources controlling facilities design of claim 1-6, It is characterized in that, in step S1-S3,
The clearance r calculating total suspended matter, COD and three kinds of pollutant of total nitrogen weighs
R=(M1-M2)/M1
Wherein, M1For the gross accumulation amount of pollutant, M2Pollutant load in washing away for runoff；
M 1 = Σ i = 1 n B i · S i
Wherein, BiFor the unit are accumulation of a certain land-use style of pollutant, SiAccounting for for this land-use style Ground area；
Unit are accumulation BiAvailable different function calculates, and utilization index function calculates
B i = C 1 i ( 1 - e - c 2 i t )
Wherein,For the cumulative maximum amount of a certain land-use style,Cumulative speed index, when t is for accumulation Between；
Runoff wash away in pollutant load M2Time rainfall mean concentration is utilized to calculate
M 2 = C 3 V = C 3 ∫ 0 t Q t d t
Wherein, C3Pollutant time rainfall mean concentration, V is corresponding runoff cumulative volume, QtIt is to become in time The run-off changed, t is runoff total time.
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CN106682367A (en) * 2017-02-15 2017-05-17 北京工业大学 Comprehensive analysis method for rainwater permeating and stagnating capability of ground pavements in ancient courtyards
CN107330617A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-11-07 安徽工业大学 A kind of low influence development facility combination in sponge city and the determination method of layout
CN109033589A (en) * 2018-07-13 2018-12-18 深圳市城市规划设计研究院有限公司 A kind of pollutants removal rate calculation method considering LID catharsis based on SWMM model
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