CN109033562A - Calculation method of the blade two to reflected value under a kind of rolled state - Google Patents
Calculation method of the blade two to reflected value under a kind of rolled state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses blades two under a kind of rolled state to the calculation method of reflected value, comprising: establishes crimping blade appearance model and global coordinate system；The parameter information of light source and probe is set；The blade of curling is divided into micro- plane, extracts the center point coordinate of each micro- plane；Utilize Ray Tracing Algorithm, it is tracked from probe direction of visual lines, contribution of each micro- plane to probe energy is calculated, then by the energy of all micro- plane reflections and transmission in integral beta probe visual field, to obtain the energy of entirely the pop one's head in blade reflection and transmission that receive；Calculate the energy for the lambert's body entirely popped one's head in visual field under lambert's concrete conditions in the establishment of a specific crime；The energy that energy and lambert's body reflection of blade reflection and transmission are received by popping one's head in, calculates the BRDF of blade.It present invention introduces micro- plane and Ray Tracing Algorithm, solves the BRDF calculation method of blade under the conditions of curling, the BRDF model extension of plane has been arrived into three-dimensional space.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical fields of blade optical measurement, and in particular to blade two is to reflected value under a kind of rolled state
Calculation method.
Background technique
Blade is the major organs for receiving photosynthetically active radiation within the scope of 400nm-800nm, its photosynthetic attribute is with wave
Long and measuring configuration difference and it is different.By incident light and just penetrate the spectrum and the available blade bioid of directional spreding of light
And anatomical information.Most of papers all concentrate on reflection and transmission leaf spectra with chlorophyll, moisture, fiber
The content of element, nitrogen etc. connects.Observation in this way, Allen etc. (1969) pass through the plate mould based on geometric optics
Type estimates effective reflection index of corn.Jacquemoud and Baret (1990) have further developed PROSPECT model, it
The moisture, chlorophyll and dry matter content of different type blade can more accurately be estimated.Woolley (1971) is earliest to climing green
The spatial distribution of suede, corn and soybean leaves reflected light one of researcher interested, he distinguishes diffusing reflection and mirror-reflection
It comes, it is indicated that mirror-reflection is very different with the hypothesis usually in most of canopy reflectance models.Breece and
Holmes (1971) scans 19 narrow-bands, observes comparatively specular reflection component more aggravates in strong absorption region
It wants.Finally, Brakke etc. (1989) is associated diffusing reflection ingredient with the feature of specular reflection component with the anatomical structure of blade,
But their measurement is confined to single band.
Pervious scholar emphasizes to need if to distinguish mirror-reflection and diffusing reflection ingredient in the research of blade optical properties
Improve contacting for biophysical parameters and remotely-sensed data.Therefore, this and the two ingredients in the reflection for distinguishing blade are close
It is relevant, because they carry different information.On the one hand, diffusing reflection ingredient is to be caused by light in blade interior Multiple Scattering
, its angular distribution is isotropic, therefore its spectrum change is determined by the biochemical information of blade, therefore can
To be used to estimation blade constituent content.On the other hand, specular reflection component is due to the single rule scattering in blade surface
It is caused, therefore he is determined by the biophysical properties on surface.Its size keeps refractive index and epidermis thick with angle distribution
The estimation of rugosity is possibly realized.On the contrary, the blade component as chlorophyll will not influence mirror-reflection in visible-range
Spectrum change, or influence it is very small.
Since being measured from two to reflection (BRDF), it has been proposed that many models are fitted them.Ward (1992) and
Brakke etc. (1989) proposes the simple equation of empirical parameter estimation.In order to further explain signal, the model based on physics
It is necessary.Nicodemus etc. (1977) is described in detail two to reflection by the spectrum and inverse change of acquisition optical properties
(BRDF) with two to transmission (BRTF) concept.It is now widely used for remote sensing and computer generates picture field.It is most of
There is the surface BRDF model of physical input parameter to be considered as the blanket of a mirror surface and diffusing reflection ingredient.Description is unrestrained anti-
The simplest method for penetrating ingredient is the lambert reflectance model that light is assumed to isotropic, and certainly, this is one Utopian
Behavior.Torrance and Sparrow (1967) is that more real surface BRDF model is laid a good foundation.They regard surface as
It is the composition of many tiny areas, this tiny area width is wider than wavelength very much, and they are used for laws of geometrical optics
Obtain corresponding BRDF.Cook and Torrance (1981) has continued this work with Oren and Nayar (1995), obtains mirror
The exact expression of face reflection and diffusing reflection ingredient.Covaerts etc. (1966) is used with Baranoski and Rokne (2004)
Ray tracking technology establishes a model in order to come into operation.However the demand of high calculation amount hinders this model
Inverting, and be only applicable to smooth blade BRDF calculate.
Therefore, present invention introduces micro- planar processes, and the BRDF model extension of plane has been arrived three-dimensional space model, so as to
The BRDF of blade under rolled state is calculated, and introduces Ray Tracing Algorithm, simulates being transmitted across for light from probe Ni Xiang
Journey greatly reduces calculation amount, solves the BRDF calculation method of blade under the conditions of curling, exists for crimping blade to incident light
Reflection space distribution characteristics provides a set of efficient calculation method on half direction of bowl, and can be finally inversed by leaf by this method
Piece surface properties parameter.
Summary of the invention
Currently, the BRDF simulation of blade is confined to areal model mostly, the BRDF simulation seldom quilt of blade under rolled state
It inquires into.The purpose of the present invention is overcoming the limitation of existing BRDF model, blade two is provided under a kind of rolled state to reflection
(BRDF) calculation method of value.
The present invention quotes micro- Plat algorithm, the BRDF model extension of plane has been arrived three-dimensional space model, so as to count
The BRDF of blade under rolled state is calculated, and introduces the Ray Tracing Algorithm from probe inversely, simulation light is micro- in blade
Reflection and transmission process between plane, greatly reduce the calculation amount simulated from the blade BRDF of incident light direction, solve
The BRDF calculation method of blade under the conditions of curling, and this method and the crimping blade BRDF of actual measurement have it is higher consistent
Property.It is thus possible to enough be finally inversed by crimping blade surface property parameters relevant to BRDF by this method.
Calculation method of the blade two to reflection (BRDF) value under a kind of rolled state, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 establishes crimping blade appearance model and global coordinate system；
Step 2, the parameter information that light source and probe are set；
The blade of curling is divided into multiple micro- planes by step 3, extracts the center point coordinate of each micro- plane；
Step 4, using Ray Tracing Algorithm, tracked from probe direction of visual lines, calculate each micro- plane to probe energy
The contribution of amount, the energy received of popping one's head in include the energy of blade reflection and transmission, then pass through the institute in integral beta probe visual field
There is the energy of micro- plane reflection and transmission, to obtain the energy of entirely the pop one's head in blade reflection and transmission that receive；
Step 5, the energy for calculating lambert's body reflection in visual field of entirely popping one's head under lambert's concrete conditions in the establishment of a specific crime；
Step 6 calculates the two of crimping blade to reflection (BRDF) value.
In steps 1, crimping blade appearance model and global coordinate system are established, is specifically included:
Using blade center as origin O, long axis is Y-axis, and short axle is X-axis, and the normal for crossing X/Y plane origin is Z axis, it is established that
Blade is abstracted into an ellipse in three-dimensional space curling by the global cartesian coordinate system of entire simulation process.Blade is abstract
At ellipse, crimping blade is abstracted into the ellipse of three-dimensional space curling, sets the crimpness, long axis length and minor axis length of blade.
In step 2, the parameter information of light source and probe is set, is specifically included:
The location information of light source, the incident direction of the intensity of light source and light are set and probe field angle, probe view are set
Field center position and location parameter, the exit direction of light that is to say probe field of view center direction.It, can in cartesian coordinate system
Incident direction and the probe field of view center direction of light are indicated with unit vector.
In step 3, the blade of curling is divided into multiple micro- plane (preferably 1/16mm2), extract each micro- plane
Center point coordinate specifically includes:
The blade of curling is divided into 1/16mm2Micro- plane, the distance of adjacent micro- planar central point is 1/4mm, and blade is
Curling, the plane of symmetry are YOZ plane, and it is 1/4mm that the interval of adjacent micro- planar central point X axis coordinate, which is equal,；Adjacent micro- plane
Central point Y axis coordinate interval be not it is equal, obtained by the method for iteration；After obtaining micro- planar central point Y axis coordinate, pass through
Leaf rolling equation obtains Z axis coordinate, to obtain the center point coordinate of the micro- plane of each blade.
In step 4, contribution of each micro- plane to probe energy is calculated, is specifically included:
First to judge use distribution of bi directional reflectance function still to transmit distribution function, decide whether using light
Iterative algorithm, specific as follows:
If 1. sight in face of blade and light needs to change using transmission distribution function without considering in vacuum side of blade
Generation；
If 2. sight in vacuum side of blade and light needs to change using transmission distribution function without considering in face of blade
Generation；
3. if needing not having to using distribution of bi directional reflectance function sight is in vacuum side of blade and light is in vacuum side of blade
Consider iteration；
If this is reflection case 4. sight is in face of blade and light is in face of blade, changing using light is needed
For algorithm and distribution of bi directional reflectance function, when iteration light by transmission or reflection decay to less than primary light source intensity 1 ×
10-3When, then stop iteration, contribution of the energy that this optical path iteration is obtained as micro- plane to probe energy.
In order to avoid carrying out the huge operand of ray trace from light source incidence direction, using reverse Ray Tracing Algorithm,
Here it is tracked from the direction of sight, optical path is regarded as direction of visual lines injection, obtains and is visiting finally by iterative calculation
The energy of each micro- plane reflection and transmission in head visual field, then by all micro- plane reflections in the entire probe visual field of integral and
The energy of transmission obtains the energy obtained in entirely popping one's head in.
Step 5, the energy for calculating lambert's body reflection in visual field of entirely popping one's head under lambert's concrete conditions in the establishment of a specific crime, specifically include；
Lambert's body blank is divided into 1/16mm2Micro- plane, extract the center point coordinate of each micro- plane, by two to
Reflectance Distribution Function and integral calculation obtain the energy that the lambert's body entirely popped one's head in visual field reflects.
Step 6, calculate crimping blade two to reflection (BRDF) value, specifically include:
The probe visual field that the energy and step 5 of the blade reflection and transmission that are received by the probe that step 4 obtains obtain
The ratio between the energy of interior lambert's body reflection has obtained the reflectivity of blade, and π has been obtained in fixed incidence and anti-on luminance factor
Blade two on direction is penetrated to reflection (BRDF) value.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
1, the BRDF of crimping blade can be simulated, accurately so as to directly calculate blade with this method in hemisphere side
Upward BRDF distribution characteristics mitigates the workload for observing crimping blade BRDF distribution characteristics by testing, can be effectively reduced
It observes at low cost；
2, micro- Plat algorithm is quoted, the BRDF model extension of plane has been arrived into three-dimensional space model, so that calculating more adjunction
The natural form of nearly blade；
3, the Ray Tracing Algorithm from probe inversely is introduced, simulation light is reflected and transmitted between the micro- plane of blade
Process greatly reduces the calculation amount simulated from the blade BRDF of incident light direction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be rolled state of the present invention under calculation method from blade two to reflection (BRDF) value flow chart；
Fig. 2 is the BRDF distribution map for surveying crimping blade on half direction of bowl；
Fig. 3 is the BRDF distribution map using method simulation crimping blade of the invention on half direction of bowl.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific drawings and examples, the invention will be further described.
The present invention is the calculation method of blade BRDF under rolled state a kind of as shown in Figure 1:, and circular includes such as
Lower step:
Step 1 establishes leaf morphology model and global coordinate system；
Specifically, the crimpness, long axis length and minor axis length for setting blade, using blade center as origin O, long axis Y
Axis, short axle are X-axis, and the normal for crossing X/Y plane origin is Z axis, it is established that the global cartesian coordinate system of entire simulation process, it will
Blade is abstracted into an ellipse in three-dimensional space curling.
Step 2, the parameter information that light source and probe are set.
Specifically, two primarily with regard to light incidence and the reflection in different directions is emitted to reflection.Due to light incidence
Angle between outgoing is different and causes radiance in exit direction different.Herein, location information, the light of light source are set
Source strength and the incident direction of light and probe field angle, probe field of view center direction and location parameter, visual field of popping one's head in are set
Center position that is to say the exit direction of light.In cartesian coordinate system, available units vector indicates the incident direction of light
With field of view center direction.
The blade of curling is divided into 1/16mm by step 32Micro- plane, extract the center point coordinate of each micro- plane；
The blade of curling is divided into 1/16mm in implementing by the present invention2Micro- plane, extract the central point of each micro- plane
Coordinate.The distance of adjacent micro- planar central point is 1/4mm.Because blade is curling, the plane of symmetry is YOZ plane, so adjacent micro-
The interval of planar central point X axis coordinate is equal, is 1/4mm.But adjacent micro- planar central point Y axis coordinate interval is not phase
Deng, it needs to obtain by the method for iteration.After obtaining micro- planar central point Y axis coordinate, so that it may pass through leaf rolling equation
Obtain Z axis coordinate.To obtain the center point coordinate of the micro- plane of each blade.
Step 4, using Ray Tracing Algorithm, tracked from probe direction of visual lines, calculate each micro- plane to probe energy
The contribution of amount receives then by the energy of micro- plane reflection and transmission in integral beta probe visual field to obtain entire probe
The energy of the blade reflection and transmission arrived；
During the present invention is implemented, in order to avoid carrying out the huge operand of ray trace from light source incidence direction, using reverse
Ray Tracing Algorithm is tracked from the direction of sight here, optical path is regarded as direction of visual lines injection, finally by iteration
The energy of each micro- plane reflection and transmission in probe visual field is calculated, then by owning in the entire probe visual field of integral
The energy of micro- plane reflection and transmission obtains the energy obtained in entirely popping one's head in.Here, if the micro- planar central of blade is being popped one's head in
In visual field, then it is assumed that the micro- planar central of blade and sight have intersection point, calculate the normal of the tangent plane where intersection point.With tangent plane
Normal is that z-axis establishes local coordinate system, and coordinate system is stored into 3 × 3 matrixes, and incident ray and emergent ray are sat from the overall situation
Mark system is converted into local coordinate system expression, then judges that sight and light seek friendship condition on blade, judgement should use two
Distribution function is still transmitted to Reflectance Distribution Function, is decided whether using light iterative algorithm.
It is broadly divided into following several situations:
If 1. sight is in face of blade and light is in vacuum side of blade, this is transmission case, due to the light intensity of transmission contribution
Very little, so only considering transmission distribution function without the concern for the iteration of light.
If 2. sight in vacuum side of blade and light in face of blade, this is transmission case, need to only consider transmission distribution letter
Number.
If this is reflection case 3. sight is in vacuum side of blade and light is in vacuum side of blade, need to only consider two to reflection
Distribution function, since vacuum side of blade is convex surface, so without the concern for being mutually reflected between the micro- plane of blade, so not needing
Consider the iteration of light.
If this is reflection case 4. sight is in face of blade and light is in face of blade, changing using light is needed
For algorithm and distribution of bi directional reflectance function.When iteration light by transmission or reflection decay to less than primary light source intensity 1 ×
10-3When, then stop iteration, contribution of the energy that this optical path iteration is obtained as micro- plane to probe energy.
The transmission and reflection case occur to ray tracing process is judged, respectively with transmission and Reflectance Distribution Function meter
It calculates light reflection and transmits the energy of the micro- plane of blade.
Specifically, for the energy balane of reflection case, irradiation level (I) and distribution of bi directional reflectance function can be passed through
(BRDF) radiance (R) of the available micro- plane reflection light of the blade of multiplication such as formula (1) is shown:
Wherein, λ, θs、θvWithThe respectively wavelength of incident light, incidence zenith angle, incident orientation angle, sight zenith
Angle and sight azimuth.In general, incident orientation angleIt is sanctified by usage to be set as 0.The BRDF function of blade also with the folding of blade
It is related with roughness value to penetrate coefficient.The calculating of BRDF can be assumed the summation for diffusing reflection and mirror-reflection, be referred to as
BRDFdiffAnd BRDFspec, as shown in formula (2)
BRDF=BRDFdiff+BRDFspec(2)
Wherein, diffusing reflection ingredient represents the sub-fraction of reflected light, it is not the single mirror-reflection of blade surface.I
It assume that diffusing reflection lambert's body behavior and wavelength is strongly dependent upon, so BRDFdiffIt can be written as:
Wherein, 1/ π is the BRDF, k of complete lambert's volume scatteringL(λ) is and wavelength X lambert's system number.
For specular reflection component, BRDFspecIt is represented by following form:
Wherein, F (n, θa) it is the Fresnel factor, the Fresnel factor is by the refraction coefficient n of leaf surface material and micro- flat
The incidence angle θ of the normal in face and incident light directionaIt determines, α indicates the inclination angle of the slight flat under a more lower scale, n
It is the refraction coefficient of blade, σ is roughness value.
It specifically, can be by transmiting distribution function for the irradiation level (I) of incident light for the energy balane of transmission case
It is converted into the spoke brightness (R) for transmitting light, as shown in formula (5):
Wherein, shown in transmission distribution function such as following formula (6):
Wherein, τ is transmissivity parameter, kL(λ) is lambert's parameter.
Step 5 calculates the energy that lambert's body in probe visual field reflects；
Specifically, lambert's body blank is divided into 1/16mm2Micro- plane, extract the center point coordinate of each micro- plane.
The distance of adjacent micro- planar central point is 1/4mm.Because blank is horizontal, and horizontal plane is exactly XOY plane, so micro- flat
The central point Z axis coordinate in face is all 0, and the spacing of the X axis coordinate of adjacent micro- planar central point is all 1/4mm, in adjacent micro- plane
The spacing of the Y axis coordinate of heart point is also all 1/4mm.In actual measurement, pop one's head in visual field scope in observe blade it is anti-
Penetrating rate is the light intensity that probe receives that the interior probe of same field angular region in the beam intensity ratio of blade receives blank, so in program
In to simulate a blank, do corresponding processing with the blade of model.Since blank is lambert's body, so, the two of blank are to anti-
It penetrates shown in distribution function such as formula (3).
Step 6 calculates BRDF of the crimping blade on entire half direction of bowl.
During the present invention is implemented, is reflected by the blade that the probe that step 4 obtains receives and the energy of transmission is obtained with step 5
To the ratio between the blank energy that receives of probe obtained the reflectivity of blade, π has been obtained in fixed incidence on luminance factor
With the blade BRDF value on reflection direction, the BRDF for then drawing out blade in entire half direction of bowl is distributed.Fig. 2 is in incident light source
Under the conditions of 40 ° of zenith angle, 0 ° of azimuth, actual measurement BRDF of the blade in half direction of bowl, the position of asterisk expression light source, stain table
Show the position of probe observation.Fig. 3 under the conditions of 40 ° of zenith angle, 0 ° of azimuth, is simulated in incident light source using method of the invention
BRDF of the blade in half direction of bowl, the position of asterisk expression light source, stain indicate the position of probe observation.Comparison diagram 2 and Fig. 3 can
To find out, the crimping blade simulated using the present invention is in the BRDF on half direction of bowl and surveys crimping blade on half direction of bowl
BRDF has very high consistency.
Claims (6)
1. calculation method of the blade two to reflected value under a kind of rolled state, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1 establishes crimping blade appearance model and global coordinate system；
Step 2, the parameter information that light source and probe are set；
The blade of curling is divided into multiple micro- planes by step 3, extracts the center point coordinate of each micro- plane；
Step 4, using Ray Tracing Algorithm, tracked from probe direction of visual lines, calculate each micro- plane to probe energy
Contribution, the energy received of popping one's head in includes the energy of blade reflection and transmission, then by all micro- in integral beta probe visual field
The energy of plane reflection and transmission, to obtain the energy of entirely the pop one's head in blade reflection and transmission that receive；
Step 5, the energy for calculating lambert's body reflection in visual field of entirely popping one's head under lambert's concrete conditions in the establishment of a specific crime；
Step 6 calculates the two of crimping blade to reflected value.
2. calculation method of the blade two to reflected value under rolled state according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1
In, crimping blade appearance model and global coordinate system are established, is specifically included:
Using blade center as origin O, long axis is Y-axis, and short axle is X-axis, and the normal for crossing X/Y plane origin is Z axis, it is established that entire
Blade is abstracted into an ellipse in three-dimensional space curling by the global cartesian coordinate system of simulation process.Blade is abstracted into ellipse
Circle, crimping blade are abstracted into the ellipse of three-dimensional space curling, set the crimpness, long axis length and minor axis length of blade.
3. calculation method of the blade two to reflected value under rolled state according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2
In, the parameter information of light source and probe is set, is specifically included:
Be arranged the location information of light source, the incident direction of the intensity of light source and light and be arranged probe field angle, probe visual field in
Heart direction and location parameter, the exit direction of light that is to say probe field of view center direction.In cartesian coordinate system, list can be used
Bit vector indicates incident direction and the probe field of view center direction of light.
4. calculation method of the blade two to reflected value under rolled state according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3
In, the blade of curling is divided into multiple micro- planes, the center point coordinate of each micro- plane is extracted, specifically includes:
The blade of curling is divided into 1/16mm2Micro- plane, the distance of adjacent micro- planar central point is 1/4mm, and blade is curling,
The plane of symmetry is YOZ plane, and it is 1/4mm that the interval of adjacent micro- planar central point X axis coordinate, which is equal,；Adjacent micro- planar central
Point Y axis coordinate interval be not it is equal, obtained by the method for iteration；After obtaining micro- planar central point Y axis coordinate, pass through blade
Curling equation obtains Z axis coordinate, to obtain the center point coordinate of the micro- plane of each blade.
5. calculation method of the blade two to reflected value under rolled state according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 4
In, contribution of each micro- plane to probe energy is calculated, is specifically included:
First to judge use distribution of bi directional reflectance function still to transmit distribution function, decide whether using light iteration
Algorithm, specific as follows:
If 1. sight in face of blade and light needs not having to consider iteration using transmission distribution function in vacuum side of blade；
If 2. sight in vacuum side of blade and light needs not having to consider iteration using transmission distribution function in face of blade；
3. if needing not having to consider using distribution of bi directional reflectance function sight is in vacuum side of blade and light is in vacuum side of blade
Iteration；
If this is reflection case 4. sight is in face of blade and light is in face of blade, need to calculate using the iteration of light
Method and distribution of bi directional reflectance function, when the light of iteration is decayed to by transmission or reflection less than primary light source intensity 1 × 10-3
When, then stop iteration, contribution of the energy that this optical path iteration is obtained as micro- plane to probe energy.
6. calculation method of the blade two to reflected value under rolled state according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 6,
The two of calculating crimping blade specifically include to reflected value:
The entire probe visual field that the energy and step 5 of the blade reflection and transmission that are received by the probe that step 4 obtains obtain
The ratio between the energy of interior lambert's body reflection has obtained the reflectivity of blade, and π has been obtained in fixed incidence and anti-on luminance factor
Blade two on direction is penetrated to reflected value.
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| CN109033562B (en) | 2020-08-11 |
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