CN107563088A - A kind of light field display device emulation mode based on Ray Tracing Algorithm - Google Patents
A kind of light field display device emulation mode based on Ray Tracing Algorithm Download PDFInfo
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- CN107563088A CN107563088A CN201710826579.0A CN201710826579A CN107563088A CN 107563088 A CN107563088 A CN 107563088A CN 201710826579 A CN201710826579 A CN 201710826579A CN 107563088 A CN107563088 A CN 107563088A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of light field display device emulation mode based on ray trace, including：S1, establish light field Three-dimensional Display model；S2, acquisition render to obtain ray origin and radiation direction that light field shows each pixel in emulating image；S3, according to ray origin and radiation direction, render to obtain light field using ray tracking technology and show emulating image.By establishing Three-dimensional Display model so that on the premise of no progress experimental implementation, the result that light field is shown can be obtained in real time, using reverse ray tracking technology, and a variety of bounding box accelerating structures are used, in order to improve rendering efficiency, reach the purpose that can be interacted in real time；All optical devices establish strict mathematical modeling in being shown to light field；And monte carlo method is used, multiple repairing weld is carried out to each pixel rendered, ensure that the accuracy of simulation result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dimension display technologies field, shows and sets more particularly, to a kind of light field based on ray trace
Standby emulation mode.
Background technology
One critical function of human vision is the 3d space layout of object in three-dimensional (3D) nature of cognition, is intuitively divided
Analyse and judge target and scene situation.At present present information science and technology visual expression be mainly acquired, stored using two-dimensional approach,
Coding, transmission and display, can only make people recognize some space side of scene or object, so as to limit the comprehensive of people
Understanding.The 3D light for meeting human cognitive custom show and can more realistically reappear or simulate and objective world identical scene, increasing
Depth perception, stereovision and the authenticity of strongly expressed image.In medical imaging, scientific research, outer space exploration, important teleconference
In the application field such as military affairs, the reconstruct of 3D information helps intuitively accurately to capture for information about, more accurate so as to obtain
Scene judgement.In intelligence manufacture field, sane optimization design is kept, realizes flexible intelligent processing, the 3D dresses of 3D structures
The simulation matched somebody with somebody is shown with control, the efficient process of 3D data and 3D light, for improving manufacturing process, improving advanced intelligent manufacture
Design efficiency, accelerate production process and improve yield rate, realize that the Intelligent assembly of high efficient and reliable is most important.Play and go in 3D
Industry, 3D advertisement videos are shown, 3D video display etc., and the breakthrough and development of high-performance bore hole dynamic optical Display Technique can promote entirely
The rapid development of 3D industrial chains, so as to drive the development of China's emerging strategic industries and modern service industry, produce huge warp
Ji benefit.
Light field 3 D displaying method is the reconstruction mode of the real light field of approximate simulation 3D scenes, before having preferably development
Scape.Light field three-dimensional display system is a kind of free stereo formula three-dimensional display apparatus, with the angle of visual field is big, viewpoint is intensive, can be simultaneously
Horizontal parallax and the advantage of vertical parallax are provided.Light field display system is mainly by liquid crystal display, lens array, hologram functional screen
Three parts are formed, the complexity of structure.In the design of traditional free stereo formula display system, display system generally can not be accurately estimated
, it is necessary to which suitable parameter can just be obtained by testing repeatedly, design and processing take time and effort the display effect of system.
Traditional imaging, light optics design software (Zemax, Light tools, CodeV etc.) are good at numerical simulation, right
The carry out numerical analysis of imaging system, but to imaging effect simulate support and it is bad, gained numerical result is abstracted indigestion, nothing
Method provides intuitively simulation result, and can not accomplish to calculate in real time；Secondly, conventional method is good to single lens or lens
The parameter of group carries out local optimum, and when running into labyrinth optical system, it is easy to local optimum " trap " hardly possible can be fallen into
To search out real optimum structure.
The content of the invention
The present invention provide a kind of one kind for overcoming above mentioned problem or solving the above problems at least in part be based on light with
The light field display device emulation mode of track, simulation result directly perceived can not be provided, can not calculate in real time in the prior art by solving, and
The problem of inapplicable to labyrinth optical system.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of light field display device emulation mode, including：
S1, the Three-dimensional Display model for establishing light field；
S2, obtain ray origin and radiation direction that light field shows each pixel in emulating image；
S3, according to ray origin and radiation direction, render to obtain light field using ray trace Rendering and show analogous diagram
Picture.
As preferable, the step S1 is specifically included：
LCD, lens array, the mathematical modeling of hologram functional screen are established respectively；
LCD, lens array, hologram functional screen combination are established to the Three-dimensional Display model of light field.
As preferable, in the Three-dimensional Display model, LCD, lens array, hologram functional screen are arranged in order, and
Meet：1/f=1/L+1/K, wherein, f is the focal length of lens in lens array, and L is the spacing of lens array and hologram functional screen,
K is the spacing of lens array and LCD.
As preferable, in the step S2, any point O is chosen in three dimensions as pinhole camera model vertices, and
Image resolution ratio, the camera coordinates vector base of pinhole camera model are set, establish pinhole camera model, and it is imitative to determine that light field is shown
The ray origin and radiation direction of each pixel, are imitated light field display effect using the method for reverse ray trace in true image
True image is rendered.
As preferable, the step S2 is specifically included：
Summit O position is set in Three-dimensional Display model close to HFS sides, and the image resolution of pin hole line machine model is set
Rate 2a × 2b pixels, camera coordinates system unit vector base u, v, w, render the distance between the plane of delineation and summit O
Distance, length l of the image pixel in Virtual Space；
Acquisition renders a certain pixel in the plane of delineation, and obtains the pixel index sequence number [x, y] of the pixel, and according to
Preset formula obtains coordinate and view directions in the pixel three dimensions.
As preferable, the preset formula of the pixel point coordinates is：
P=O+distancew+ (x+0.5-a) lu+ (y+0.5-b) lv
The view directions preset formula of pixel is：
D=P-O=distancew+ (x+0.5-a) lu+ (y+0.5-b) lv
In above formula, P is pixel point coordinates, and D is the direction of visual lines of P points, pixel sequence number index range be for [0,0]~[2a,
2b]。
As preferable, in the step S3, by calling ray trace function, the color value of each pixel is distinguished
It is independent to calculate, the input parameter using the starting point of light and direction as ray trace, obtain the color value of each pixel.
As preferable, the step S3 is specifically included：
S31, obtain light respectively with hologram functional screen, lens array, LCD model intersection point, and obtain most inbreeding
Point；
S32, judge whether the intersection point is light source, if light source color value is then returned to, if otherwise judging light and model phase
Whether reflect, reflect during friendship, and the ray trace function that recursive call is new, obtain the color value that light finally returns that；
S33, obtain the color value of pixel according to returning to color value and reflectivity, refractive index.
As preferable, the step S32 is specifically included：
If intersection point is light source, light source color value C is returned to, ray trace terminates；
If intersection point is not light source, judge whether light reflects with model, if otherwise returning to color value C1=0, if
It is to generate reflection light, the ray trace function of recursive call type, reflection light returns to color value C1；
Determine whether light reflects with model, if otherwise returning to color value C2=0, if then generation refraction light
Line, the ray trace function of recursive call type, refracted light return to color value C2.
As preferable, in the step S33, if intersection point is not light source, color value C=C1* reflectivity+C2* is returned to
(1- refractive indexes).
The application proposes a kind of light field display device emulation mode based on ray trace, by establishing Three-dimensional Display mould
Type so that on the premise of no progress experimental implementation, the result that light field is shown can be obtained in real time, designer can be allowed to institute
The system of design, which has, intuitively to be recognized.It is special according to the size dimension of each component of light field system, geometry and optics in reality
Property founding mathematical models, build virtual scene, using reverse ray trace, render to obtain the result of optical field imaging.Pass through adjustment
The methods of content that the position of dummy pinhole camera model, replacing light field are shown, can be to the angular field of view of optical field imaging system
It is predicted with indexs such as the depth of field.Using reverse ray tracking technology, and a variety of bounding box accelerating structures are used, in order to improve
Rendering efficiency, reach the purpose that can be interacted in real time；All optical devices establish strict mathematical modeling in being shown to light field；And
Using monte carlo method, multiple repairing weld is carried out to each pixel rendered, ensure that the accuracy of simulation result.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the light field display device emulation mode FB(flow block) according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is lambert's body radiation patterns schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the lens model and lens array schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that scattering phenomenon schematic diagram occurs after running into HFS according to the light of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the pinhole camera model schematic according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the basic principle schematic of ray trace according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is calculating pixel color value flow chart in ray tracking technology according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the calculating process schematic diagram of reverse ray trace according to embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is used to illustrate the present invention, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of light field display device emulation mode based on ray trace is shown in figure, including：
S1, establish light field Three-dimensional Display model；
S2, obtain ray origin and radiation direction that light field shows each pixel in emulating image；
S3, according to ray origin and radiation direction, render to obtain light field using ray trace Rendering and show analogous diagram
Picture.
In the present embodiment, the step S1 includes：
LCD, lens array, the mathematical modeling of hologram functional screen are established respectively；
LCD, lens array, hologram functional screen combination are established to the Three-dimensional Display model of light field.
When establishing the Three-dimensional Display model of light field, it is necessary to be set to the parameter of each model, including the ginseng in following table
Number：
In the present embodiment, specifically, when establishing the mathematical modeling of LCD, the geometry of LCD can letter
Turn to quadrangular plan, its characteristics of luminescence can approximation regard lambert's body as, i.e. its radiation intensity and angle of radiation are into such as ShiShimonoseki
System：
Iθ=I0cosθ
The content shown in LCD can realize that its textures content is as shown in Fig. 2 be light field with ambient light textures
The element image of display, the resolution ratio of textures should be identical with the resolution ratio of display in display.
In the present embodiment, specifically, when establishing the mathematical modeling of lens array, lens array is divided into multiple complete
Identical lenslet is arranged in a combination, it is only necessary to single lens are modeled, the geometries of lens as shown in figure 3,
Left side is the structural representation of single lens in figure, and right side is the arrangement schematic diagram of lens array, and the surface of lens can be divided into
Three parts, respectively bottom surface circle, cylindrical side and spherical calotte, the surface equation of lens can be represented with below equation group：
Wherein, R is the radius in face, and h is the radius of the thickness of cylinder, r cylinders and bottom surface circle.
When light intersects with lens surface, light can be reflected and reflected, wherein the refraction of lens on light line and anti-
Penetrate to use and described by Snell's law, as shown in figure 3, when light and lens collide, light can be divided into refraction with
Reflected light two parts, the direction of projection light can be expressed from the next：
Wherein, t is transmission light vector, and i is incident light vector, and n is normal vector.n1And n2The respectively folding of two media
Penetrate rate.
The reflectivity of lens surface can be calculated with Fresnel model, and its expression formula can be represented by equation below：
R=R0+(1-R0)(1-cosθ)5
Wherein R is reflectivity, n1And n2The respectively refractive index of two media.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, establish hologram functional screen (Holographic Functional Screen,
During mathematical modeling HFS), hologram functional screen is a kind of plane with different volume scatterings.As shown in figure 4, hologram functional screen
Incidence angle is different, and volume scattering angle is also different.Relation between its volume scattering angle and incidence angle can be by function representation ω=f
(θ), wherein ω are space scattering angle, and θ is incident angle.Here monte carlo method is used, can by the HFS light beams scattered
To regard the average value for a plurality of different angle light for being less than ω angles as.
In the present embodiment, in the light field display model, LCD, lens array, hologram functional screen are arranged in order,
And meet：1/f=1/L+1/K, wherein, f is the focal length of lens in lens array, and L is between lens array and hologram functional screen
Away from K is the spacing of lens array and LCD.
In computer graphics, model of the generally use pinhole camera as image in collection virtual scene, establishing
, it is necessary to be sweared to the distance between camera vertex position, image resolution ratio, image and viewpoint and camera coordinates system during pinhole camera model
Amount base is configured, and any point O is as pinhole camera model vertices in selection three dimensions, and sets the figure of pinhole camera model
As resolution ratio, camera coordinates vector base, pinhole camera model is established, it is every in emulating image to determine that light field is shown using above-mentioned parameter
The ray origin and radiation direction of individual pixel, the emulating image of light field display effect is carried out using the method for reverse ray trace
Render.In the present embodiment, in the step S2, by the rectangle rendering plane and three dimensions where light field display image
O points establish pinhole camera model, four summits of the O points and rendering plane connect and compose the view frustums of positive pyramid shape,
Ray origin and radiation direction are obtained by pinhole camera model.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 5, pinhole camera summit is located at the O points in Virtual Space, light field shows analogous diagram
Image plane is located on rectangle dough sheet ABCD, and the positive rectangular pyramid O-ABCD being formed by connecting by this five points is pinhole camera model
Geometry, referred to as regarding centrum.The overall shape of centrum, position and direction are regarded by changing, can render to obtain virtual sky
Between middle any direction image.
In reverse ray trace, the maximum effect of pinhole camera model is exactly to obtain the tracking light of certain pixel
Starting point and direction, this light are referred to as " sight " (View Ray), and in the present embodiment, the step S2 is specifically included：
The relevant parameter of pinhole camera model is set.
Summit O position, image resolution ratio 2a × 2b pixels, camera coordinates system unit vector base u, v, w, figure are set
The distance between image plane and summit O distance, length l of the image pixel in Virtual Space；
Pinhole camera model parameter should meet following condition：
Assuming that the distance between LCD and HFS faces are s, summit O should be in ligh field model close to HFS (away from LCD) side, point O
The distance between ligh field model (the distance between HFS) is 8-10s；distance≈4s；2s<2al<8s and 2s<2al<
8s；Phasor coordinate base w should be vertical with HFS planes.
Ray origin and radiation direction are obtained according to pixel index and preset formula：
The form of pixel serial number two-dimensional array, according to arranging from small to large from the lower left corner to the upper right corner, pixel index sequence
Number scope is that (a, b are all nonnegative integer, such as the lower left corner sequence number coordinate of image is [0,0], upper right for [0,0]~[2a, 2b]
Angle is [2a, 2b], can be used as known quantity).A certain pixel P on rendering plane, its pixel serial number [x, y], represent arrangement
In the pixel that image y rows, xth arrange.Direction and the starting point of P pixel sights can be obtained according to preset formula.The starting point of sight is O
Point.
As preferable, the coordinate preset formula of the pixel is：
P=O+distancew+ (x+0.5-a) lu+ (y+0.5-b) lv
The view directions preset formula of pixel is：
D=P-O=distancew+ (x+0.5-a) lu+ (y+0.5-b) lv
In reverse ray tracking technology, each pixel of gained image has a sight, according to sight and virtually
The result of object collision, the color value of each pixel can be calculated.Firstly, it is necessary to obtain starting point and the direction of sight, such as Fig. 6
Shown, rendering plane is the image for rendering gained, and rectangle rendering plane should be virtual face, and light is from O points, by void
Pixel in plan face simultaneously intersects with the object in scene, carries out ray trace according to this principle, each in rendering plane
Pixel all has a respective sight (View Ray), and the starting point of sight and direction are true by camera summit and image pixel coordinates
It is fixed.
In the present embodiment, in the step S3, by calling ray trace function, to the color value point of each pixel
It is independent to calculate, the input parameter using the starting point of light and direction as ray trace, obtain the color value of each pixel.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the step S3 is specifically included：
S31, obtain light respectively with hologram functional screen, lens array, LCD model intersection point, and obtain most inbreeding
Point；
S32, judge whether the intersection point is light source, if light source color value is then returned to, if otherwise judging light and model phase
Whether reflect, reflect during friendship, and the ray trace function that recursive call is new, obtain the color value that light finally returns that；
S33, obtain the color value of pixel according to returning to color value and reflectivity, refractive index.
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, this light is determined by the position A of virtual camera and the position B of required pixel, i.e. light
Starting point and direction are by 2 points of determinations of A, B；Then, direction of the light along ray AB is advanced, and with the mould such as HFS, lens array, LCD
Type intersects, and intersection point is respectively C, D, E, phenomena such as refraction, reflection occur when intersecting, scatters；Finally, by obtained by intersection point C, D, E
Color value value and the summation of corresponding splitting ratio, obtain the color value of B points.
In the present embodiment, specifically, the step S32 is specifically included：
If intersection point is light source, light source color value C is returned to, ray trace terminates；
If intersection point is not light source, judge whether light reflects with model, if otherwise returning to color value C1=0, if
It is to generate reflection light, the ray trace function of recursive call type, reflection light returns to color value C1；
Determine whether light reflects with model, if otherwise returning to color value C2=0, if then generation refraction light
Line, the ray trace function of recursive call type, refracted light return to color value C2.
In the present embodiment, in the step S33, if intersection point is not light source, return color value C=C1* reflectivity+
C2* (1- refractive indexes).
In summary, the application proposes a kind of light field display device emulation mode based on ray trace, by establishing three
Tie up display model so that on the premise of no progress experimental implementation, the result that light field is shown can be obtained in real time, can allow and set
Meter person has to designed system intuitively to be recognized.According to the size dimension of each component of light field system, geometry in reality
With optical characteristics founding mathematical models, virtual scene is built, using reverse ray trace, renders to obtain the result of optical field imaging.
The methods of by adjusting the position of dummy pinhole camera model, the content that replacing light field is shown, can be to optical field imaging system
The index such as angular field of view and the depth of field is predicted.Using reverse ray tracking technology, and a variety of bounding box accelerating structures are used,
In order to improve rendering efficiency, reach the purpose that can be interacted in real time；All optical devices establish strict number in being shown to light field
Learn model；And monte carlo method is used, multiple repairing weld is carried out to each pixel rendered, ensure that the accurate of simulation result
Property.
Finally, the present processes are only preferable embodiment, are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., the protection of the present invention should be included in
Within the scope of.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. light field display device emulation mode, it is characterised in that including：S1, the Three-dimensional Display model for establishing light field；S2, obtain ray origin and radiation direction that light field shows each pixel in emulating image；S3, according to ray origin and radiation direction, render to obtain light field using ray trace Rendering and show emulating image.
- 2. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step S1 is specifically included：LCD, lens array, the mathematical modeling of hologram functional screen are established respectively；LCD, lens array, hologram functional screen combination are established to the Three-dimensional Display model of light field.
- 3. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the Three-dimensional Display model, LCD, lens array, hologram functional screen are arranged in order, and are met：1/f=1/L+1/K, wherein, f is saturating in lens array The focal length of mirror, L are the spacing of lens array and hologram functional screen, and K is the spacing of lens array and LCD.
- 4. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the step S2, choose three Any point O is as pinhole camera model vertices in dimension space, and sets the image resolution ratio of pinhole camera model, camera coordinates arrow Base is measured, establishes pinhole camera model, and determines that light field shows the ray origin and radiation direction of each pixel in emulating image, profit The emulating image of light field display effect is rendered with the method for reverse ray trace.
- 5. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the step S2 is specifically included：Summit O position is set in Three-dimensional Display model close to HFS sides, and the image resolution of pin hole line machine model is set Rate 2a × 2b pixels, camera coordinates system unit vector base u, v, w, render the distance between the plane of delineation and summit O Distance, length l of the image pixel in Virtual Space；Obtain light field and show emulating image institute a certain pixel in the planes, and obtain the pixel pixel index sequence number [x, Y], and obtain according to preset formula coordinate and view directions in the pixel three dimensions.
- 6. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the pixel point coordinates is preset Formula is：P=O+distancew+ (x+0.5-a) lu+ (y+0.5-b) lvThe view directions preset formula of pixel is：D=P-O=distancew+ (x+0.5-a) lu+ (y+0.5-b) lvIn above formula, P is pixel point coordinates, and D is the direction of visual lines of P points, and pixel sequence number index range is for [0,0]~[2a, 2b].
- 7. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in the step S3, pass through tune With light tracing function, the color value of each pixel is independently calculated, using the starting point of light and direction as light with The input parameter of track, obtain the color value of each pixel.
- 8. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the step S3 is specifically included：S31, obtain light respectively with hologram functional screen, lens array, LCD model intersection point, and obtain nearest intersection point；S32, judge whether the intersection point is light source, if light source color value is then returned to, if otherwise judge that light intersects with model Whether generation is reflected, reflected, and the ray trace function that recursive call is new, obtains the color value that light finally returns that；S33, obtain the color value of pixel according to returning to color value and reflectivity, refractive index.
- 9. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the step S32 is specifically included：If intersection point is light source, light source color value C is returned to, ray trace terminates；If intersection point is not light source, judge whether light reflects with model, if color value C1=0 is otherwise returned to, if then Reflection light, the ray trace function of recursive call type are generated, reflection light returns to color value C1；Determine whether light reflects with model, if otherwise returning to color value C2=0, if then generating refracted light, pass Return the ray trace function of calling type, refracted light returns to color value C2.
- 10. light field display device emulation mode according to claim 9, it is characterised in that in the step S33, if handing over When point is not light source, color value C=C1* reflectivity+C2* (1- refractive indexes) is returned.
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