CN108318458A - A kind of measurement method suitable for the outdoor typical feature pBRDF under the conditions of different weather - Google Patents
A kind of measurement method suitable for the outdoor typical feature pBRDF under the conditions of different weather Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of measurement method suitable for the outdoor typical feature polarization distribution of bi directional reflectance function (pBRDF) under the conditions of different weather, includes the following steps：Under conditions of unobstructed, the polarization information of typical feature is obtained using polarization imaging detection system；Under conditions of blocking direct sunlight completely, its polarization information is obtained using polarization imaging detection system again；The typical feature polarization information measured twice is subtracted each other to obtain the polarised light Stokes vectors obtained by clutter reflections direct sunlight and sky scattering light；Measure and calculate respectively the posture and size of the distance between shelter and detection system and directional bearing and shelter；Aerosol optical depth, the direct irradiation level in ground are measured with heliograph, Atmospheric models parameter is selected in conjunction with local meteorological condition；By Atmospheric models parameter input radiation mode, sky scattering light polarization information is obtained；Select suitable typical feature parameter model, in conjunction with shelter orientation, calculate the Stokes vectors that the part that is blocked is generated by clutter reflections sky scattering light, the part caused by sky scattering light is subtracted in the Stokes vectors measured, the true pBRDF values in typical feature surface are solved finally by the comparison with on-gauge plate.It is influenced caused by being measured typical feature pBRDF values present invention significantly reduces sky scattering light, improves the measurement accuracy of outdoor typical feature pBRDF under complicated weather.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurements suitable for the outdoor typical feature pBRDF under the conditions of different weather in a kind of near-earth remote sensing
A kind of method, and in particular to atmospheric effect bearing calibration that radiative transfer model is combined with the manually method of blocking.
Background technology
During the polarization of light refers to light propagation, the direction of vibration of light wave vector loses symmetrically relative to the Guangde direction of propagation
The phenomenon that property.The polarization characteristic of light is a kind of physical quantity that can characterize object substantive characteristics, in earth surface and air
Target, reflect or emit electromagnetic wave during, can all generate the polarization characteristic determined by their self properties.Cause
This, the polarization characteristic for studying light is the detection of target, identification provides a kind of new information, helps to improve the essence of target detection
Degree and speed.From the 1980s, the research of imaging polarization detection is applied to the identification of made Target, concealed target
The fields such as detection, the detection of water-bed target.
The polarization characteristic of light refers to the polarization state of light, can usually be indicated with Jones vectors, Stokes vectors.
Stokes vectors are that G.G.Stokes was proposed in study portion polarised light in 1852, he is retouched using the matrix of 4 rows 1 row
The polarization information of light is stated, four parameters are all the time averages of light intensity, and all kinds of imaging devices may be used and directly or indirectly survey
Amount.Stokes vectors can not only indicate complete polarized light, can also indicate partial poolarized light even natural light, therefore be imaged inclined
Detection of shaking is mostly used Stokes vector representations.
Traditional remote sensing instrument usually judges the state and property of target with radiation intensity, often using polarization characteristic as one
Noise is planted to handle.With the development of quantitative remote sensing, researcher starts to notice light in by earth's surface or air
After target reflection, scattering, transmission, polarization state will produce the variation determined by the optical characteristics of material surface, and people are by target
This property be known as the polarization characteristic of target.
For the polarization characteristic of accurate description target, distribution of bi directional reflectance function of the people in traditional remote sensing fields
On the basis of (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function, BRDF), it is proposed that polarization is two-way
Reflectance Distribution Function (Polarimetric BRDF, pBRDF).The meaning of pBRDF is to indicate that assigned direction is incident on target surface
Incident light Stokes vectors, through target surface be reflected in a direction generation emergent light Stokes vectors between
Transforming relationship can be expressed as incidence zenith angle and azimuth, outgoing zenith angle and azimuth, wavelength and physical surface characteristics ginseng
The relevant function of number, generally use Muller matrix indicate.In near-earth remote sensing survey, pBRDF is commonly used for typical feature classification
With identification etc. projects research.The pBRDF models for describing typical feature surface reflection of polarization characteristic are usually thick with body surface
The parameters such as rugosity, complex refractivity index are related.Instantly common pBRDF models mainly have micro- face element model system.
Sunlight itself simultaneously do not have polarization characteristic, into atmosphere after by all kinds of particulates reflect after be provided with partially
It shakes characteristic so that the light for being incident on ground is partial poolarized light.These partial poolarized lights constitute the day within the scope of all-sky
Empty polarization state distribution, there has been proposed many radiative transfer models for describing these sky polarization state regularities of distribution, often
There are RT3, SOSVRT, DISORT etc..But due to being difficult to obtain real atmosphere aerosol information, simultaneously because practical day gas bar
Under part, aerosol optical depth and volume size distribution function are uneven, cause existing model only to some known relevant parameter
The sky polarization state precision in direction there is higher precision, and cannot be guaranteed the light of all directions within the scope of all-sky
The accuracy of polarization state.
During outdoor measurement typical feature pBRDF, the atmospheric scattering light pair of all directions in hemisphere sky
Measurement accuracy significantly affects.The method of traditional this atmospheric effect of removal is referred to as the method for blocking, and is blocked using one
Object blocks direct sunlight, will not block down the result measured and blocks down the result measured and subtracts each other, and obtains typical feature reflection
The reflection polarization state that light on direct sunlight direction obtains, it is true by relatively acquiring atural object with on-gauge plate reflected light
pBRDF.This method think to be blocked direct sunlight of part is non-polarized light, the advantage is that measurement accuracy under fair weather
It is higher, it is easy to operate；But due to needing including being blocked together with on-gauge plate and measured object in actual experiment, this will cause to block
The area of object must understand some sky scattering light equally quilt with partial polarization than the range bigger of direct sunlight
Including blocking, under the more weather of cloud and mist, since the Multiple Scattering of cloud layer can make the light in direct sunlight direction be also that part is inclined
Shake light.In this case, typical feature pBRDF values are measured with method of blocking and will produce large error.For such situation, this hair
It is bright propose it is a kind of based on sky polarization state model with manually blocking the measurement method that is combined of hair, can be protected under cloudy weather
Hold higher typical feature pBRDF measurement accuracy.
Invention content
The technology of the present invention solves the problems, such as：For the prior art under complicated weather condition be not suitable for problem, in conjunction with
The advantages of sky polarization state model and tradition block method provides a kind of outdoor typical feature suitable under a variety of weather conditions
The measurement method of pBRDF improves the precision that typical feature pBRDF is measured under complicated weather.
In order to reach the above goal of the invention, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme.
Step 1, using polarization imaging detection system, atural object to be measured is obtained respectively and does not block direct sunlight and blocks the sun
The polarization state image of clutter reflections light under conditions of direct light, be used in combination 4 multiply 1 each pixel of Stokes vector representations it is inclined
Polarization state.Two images are subtracted each other, typical feature is obtained and reflects the Stokes vectors that light incident on the direction that is blocked generates.
Step 2.1, using determinand center as the center of circle, polar coordinate system is established, radial direction is the cosine value μ of zenith angle, model
Enclose is 0 to 1；Angle direction is azimuth φ, and range is 0 to 360 °.Assuming that the sun is 0 ° relative to the azimuth of determinand, it is high
Degree angle is obtained by measuring；Measure azimuth of the camera relative to determinand, elevation angle.
Step 2.2, when making shelter, a center is chosen, shelter center is set as fixed relative to the height on ground
Value H.Measuring shelter center, distance D finds out shelter according to the shape of shelter in the horizontal direction with determinand center
Height of the edge each point relative to ground.
Step 2.3, the zenith angle cosine value at shelter center is found outIn conjunction in step 2.2
As a result, finding out zenith angle cosine value and the azimuth of edge each point.
Step 2.4, the marginal point in step 2.3 is represented in the polar coordinate system that step 2.1 is established, marginal point surrounds
Area is area of the shelter relative to all-sky.
Step 3, the local direct irradiation level of the sun, aerosol optical depth are measured with heliograph, in conjunction with working as ground vapour
Colloidal sol type and weather condition choose suitable volume size distribution function, determines being respectively layered in atmospheric radiation transmission
Legendre polynomials number, single scattering albedo.
Step 4, the parameter of step 3 is inputted in atmospheric radiation transmission, is chosen from output result and is included in step 2
Point in required range acquires the sky polarization state distribution within the scope of the sky being blocked, while finding out direct sunlight direction
The upper sky scattering light with polarization characteristic ratio shared in partial poolarized light.
Step 5, the surface reflection model of typical feature reflection behavior of surface to be measured can be described by choosing, in conjunction with step 4
As a result, acquiring the Stokes vectors for causing clutter reflections by sky scattering light, it is subtracted from the result in step 1, is obtained
The only Stokes vectors caused by clutter reflections direct sunlight, and it is true with standard edition reflected value relatively to obtain typical feature
PBRDF values.
Compared with other existing methods, advantage exists the measurement method of outdoor typical feature pBRDF provided by the invention
In：
1. by introducing radiative transfer model, the shadow that sky scattering light blocks tradition method measurement accuracy is effectively reduced
It rings, improves the measurement accuracy of outdoor typical feature pBRDF under complicated weather condition, widened tradition and blocked method measurement atural object
Application ranges of the pBRDF under different weather.
2. only needing the sky polarization state of calculating solar neighborhood, aerosol information can be measured by heliograph, be subtracted
Lack the error caused by aerosol extinction is uneven, improves the computational accuracy of sky polarization state.
3. requirement of the present invention to shelter shape, size is relatively low, simple rectangle shelter may be used and carry out outdoor
The measurement of typical feature pBRDF reduces shelter manufacture difficulty and cost, improves operability.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 is flow chart of data processing figure of the present invention.
Attached drawing 2 be blocked part in polar coordinate system occupied area schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
Measurement method provided by the invention is explained in order to clearer, is now enumerated embodiment and is described with reference to the drawings, specifically
Steps are as follows：
1) overall procedure processing data flow such as attached drawing 1, obtain atural object pBRDF values imaging device, using based on
The full polarization multi-spectral imaging system of LCVR, the system can directly export the Stokes vector images of typical feature to be measured.Profit
With Stokes vector S of the system acquisition typical feature under outdoor natural light photograph1And the Stokes arrows under shelter shade
Measure S2, thus acquire Stokes vector Ss=S that the light that clutter reflections is blocked on direction generates1-S2.Here S can write
At S=SD+SR=M (LD+LR), wherein SDIndicate Stokes vector of the direct sunlight after clutter reflections；SRIndicate that sky dissipates
Penetrate Stokes vector of the light after clutter reflections；M indicates the pBRDF of typical feature, usually with 4 row, a 4 row Muller matrix table
Show；LDIndicate the Stokes vectors for the direct sunlight being blocked in range；LRIndicate the sky scattering light being blocked in range
Stokes vectors.
2) making of shelter and arrangement method are as follows, make rectangle shelter, are fixed, blocked with thin bar below shelter
When make rectangular surfaces perpendicular to ground.Shelter is as shown in Fig. 2 relative to the orientation and area of all-sky, is with determinand center
Origin establishes polar coordinate system and indicates that hemisphere sky, radial direction are the cosine value μ of zenith angle, and range is from 0 to 1；Angle direction is
Azimuth φ, range is from 0 ° to 360 °.The coordinate representation put in polar coordinate system is (μ, φ), and a ring μ=1 of outermost indicates ground
Horizontal line.Thin bar touchdown point is measured at a distance from determinand center, the length of side of length and rectangle shelter further according to thin bar can be with
Find out the elevation angle and azimuth of four angle points of rectangle shelter.The shelter in polar coordinate system occupied area as shown in Fig. 2,
Wherein, the coordinate of four angle points be respectively A (0.863,350 °), B (0.863,10 °), C (0.522,17 °), D (0.522,
343 °), the area that this four angle points surround is exactly area of the shelter relative to all-sky range.
3) heliograph select Microtops II type heliographs, the photometer export aerosol optical depth and
The direct irradiation level of the sun that ground is subject to, in conjunction with fair weather, selects Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering layer by inquiring pertinent literature
Bilayer simplify atmospheric model, the atmospheric particles of Mie scattering layer are approximately 0.5 μm of effective radius, the spherical grain of effective variance 0.07
Son, spectral distribution function use exponential distribution, refractive index to use aerosols from major cities refractive index 1.50, and characterization is calculated and dissipates
Penetrate the Legendre polynomials number and single albedo of characteristic.
4) radiative transfer model uses the RT3 models based on extraordinarily summation that K.F.Evans is proposed.By the result in 3)
In input model, in conjunction with the azimuth information in 2), the Stokes vectors L=L for the part skylight that is blocked is found outD+LRAnd polarization
Degree distribution.According to the definition of partial poolarized light, the component L of the sky scattering light with polarization characteristic is found outR。
5) in the present embodiment, the typical feature to be measured of selection is metal plate coating, and the surface reflection model of selection uses
The pBRDF models that G.Priest is proposed based on micro- face element theory, as M, in conjunction with the L found out in 4)RIt is anti-atural object can be calculated
Penetrate the component S of sky scattering light generationR.It is subtracted from measured value S 1), finally obtains more accurate pBRDF values.
The present invention is on the basis of having outdoor typical feature pBRDF measurement methods, for conventional method in complicated weather
The poor phenomenon of lower precision, it is contemplated that the problem of measurement error is mainly caused by sky scattering light, it is proposed that use radiation transmission
Model influences caused by correcting sky scattering light；It is also contemplated that the mistake that existing radiative transfer model simulates sky polarization state
Difference, mainly as caused by being spatially unevenly distributed aerosol, only with the sky polarization degree near sun incident direction
Information, and aerosol optical depth in this direction and solar irradiance are measured to ensure radiation transmission mould using heliograph
Simulation accuracy of the type to degree of polarization within the scope of this；The advantages of finally combining traditional measurement method and radiative transfer model, realizes room
The high-acruracy survey of outer typical feature pBRDF.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of measurement method suitable for the outdoor typical feature pBRDF under the conditions of different weather, it is characterised in that：
Step 1, using polarization imaging detection system, typical feature to be measured is obtained respectively and does not block direct sunlight and blocks the sun
The polarization state image of clutter reflections light under conditions of direct light, be used in combination 4 multiply 1 each pixel of Stokes vector representations it is inclined
Polarization state.Two images are subtracted each other, clutter reflections is obtained and is blocked the Stokes vectors that incident light on direction generates.
Step 2, polar coordinate system is established by origin of determinand center, measures the position relation between the sun, shelter, camera lens,
And the size and orientation of shelter, acquire size and orientation of the sky relative to all-sky range that be blocked.
Step 3, the local direct irradiation level of the sun, aerosol optical depth are measured with heliograph, in conjunction with working as geogas aerosol
Type and weather condition choose suitable volume size distribution function, determine that the Le being respectively layered in atmospheric radiation transmission allows
Moral multinomial coefficient, single scattering albedo.
Step 4, the parameter of step 3 is inputted in atmospheric radiation transmission, chooses and is included in required by step 2 from output result
Point in range acquires the sky polarization state distribution within the scope of the sky being blocked, while finding out band on direct sunlight direction
The ratio for having the sky scattering light of polarization characteristic shared in partial poolarized light.
Step 5, the surface reflection model of typical feature reflection behavior of surface to be measured can be described by choosing, in conjunction with step 4 as a result,
The Stokes vectors for causing clutter reflections by sky scattering light are acquired, it is subtracted from the result in step 1, is obtained only by ground
Object reflects Stokes vectors caused by direct sunlight, and relatively obtains the true pBRDF values of atural object with standard edition reflected value.
2. a kind of measurement side suitable for the outdoor typical feature pBRDF under the conditions of different weather according to claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that described in step 2, be as follows：
Step 2.1, using determinand center as the center of circle, polar coordinate system is established, radial direction is the cosine value μ of zenith angle, and range is 0
To 1；Angle direction is azimuth φ, and range is 0 to 360 °.Assuming that the sun is 0 ° relative to the azimuth of determinand, elevation angle
It is obtained by measuring；Measure azimuth of the camera relative to determinand, elevation angle.
Step 2.2, when making shelter, a center is chosen, shelter center is set as definite value H relative to the height on ground.
Measuring shelter center, distance D finds out shelter edge according to the shape of shelter in the horizontal direction with determinand center
Height of each point relative to ground.
Step 2.3, the zenith angle cosine value at shelter center is found outIn conjunction with the knot in step 2.2
Fruit finds out zenith angle cosine value and the azimuth of edge each point.
Step 2.4, the marginal point in step 2.3 is represented in the polar coordinate system that step 2.1 is established, marginal point surrounds area
Be area of the shelter relative to all-sky.
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| CN110807256A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-18 | 中国人民解放军63921部队 | Method for manufacturing composite digital polarization scene |
| CN113176184A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-27 | 长春理工大学 | Simulation device for sea surface target pBRDF measurement and use method thereof |
| CN115296761A (en) * | 2022-10-10 | 2022-11-04 | 香港中文大学（深圳） | Channel prediction method based on electromagnetic propagation model |
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