CN109033553B - Calculation model based on continuous real-time leakage amount of normal-pressure vertical storage tank body - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model for calculating continuous real-time leakage of a normal-pressure vertical storage tank body, which comprises the following steps: on the basis of a mathematical model of instantaneous mass flow rate of liquid flowing out of a hole in a storage tank after the liquid leaks from a normal-pressure vertical storage tank, and a model of descending flow rate of materials in the leaked storage tank represented by the height of the liquid level above a leakage hole is constructed by combining a volume flow rate formula and a mass conservation law; secondly, the descending flow speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is derived through the descending height of the liquid level in the storage tank, and the descending speed change rate of the liquid level in the storage tank is introduced; and thirdly, integrating the rate of change of the liquid level descending speed in the storage tank and the liquid level descending speed in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to construct a model for calculating the continuous real-time leakage amount of the storage tank body. The calculation model can improve the accuracy of the calculation of the continuous real-time leakage amount of the storage tank body, the calculation of the continuous leakage amount in any leakage time period is not influenced by the leakage position of the storage tank body, and the calculation model has wide application prospect in the aspect of calculation of the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of storage tank leakage analysis and calculation, in particular to a model for accurately calculating continuous real-time leakage of any weak part of a normal-pressure vertical storage tank body based on leakage time characterization.
Background
After the normal-pressure vertical storage tank leaks, the liquid leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank is a powerful basis for analyzing accident consequences and the spread range caused by the leakage of the storage tank, and the accurate calculation of the leakage amount provides a scientific and effective basis for preventing and formulating accident prevention measures.
The method for calculating the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body is roughly equal to the product of instantaneous mass flow rate and leakage time. Because the instantaneous mass flow rate changes along with the leakage time, namely, the instantaneous mass flow rate calculation model is only used for calculating the instantaneous mass flow rate of the material at any time of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body and at a certain time after the leakage of any point, and cannot be used for accurately calculating the amount of the liquid leaked in the normal-pressure vertical storage tank in a certain continuous time period. The problem results in that accurate numerical basis is difficult to be provided for analyzing accident consequences and range caused by leakage of the storage tank and scientific, effective and accurate basis is difficult to be provided for preventing and formulating accident prevention measures in the aspect of calculating the accuracy of the continuous leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a model for calculating the continuous real-time leakage of a normal-pressure vertical storage tank body, which accurately represents the calculation of the continuous real-time leakage of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body by using leakage time.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an accurate calculation model based on continuous real-time leakage of a normal-pressure vertical storage tank body is disclosed, wherein the leakage is calculated as follows:
in the formula:
m is liquid leakage amount, kg;
rho-liquid density in kg/m 3 ；
t is leakage time in units of s;
a-area of leakage hole, unit is m 2 ；
A 1 The bottom area of the tank is m 2 ；
C 0 -a liquid leakage factor;
g-gravitational acceleration, 9.8m/s 2 ；
h is the original liquid height in the storage tank before the storage tank is not leaked, and the unit is m;
h 1 the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank is m.
The invention discloses an accurate calculation model based on continuous real-time leakage of a normal-pressure vertical storage tank body, which comprises the following specific construction processes of:
constructing a model of the descending flow velocity of the material in the storage tank after leakage represented by the height of the liquid level above the leakage hole
Firstly, constructing a material flow speed calculation model at a leakage hole, which is represented by the height of a liquid surface above the leakage hole, based on an instantaneous mass flow rate mathematical model in the quantitative risk evaluation guide of chemical enterprises (AQ/T3046-2013) and in combination with a volume flow rate formula;
in appendix E of the chemical industry quantitative Risk assessment guide (AQ/T3046-2013) (E1.2 liquid flows out through holes on a storage tank):
the instantaneous mass flow rate is calculated as:
in the formula:
Q m -mass flow rate in kg/s;
p is the pressure of the liquid in the storage tank, and the unit is Pa;
P 0 -ambient pressure in Pa;
C 0 -a liquid leakage coefficient;
g-acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s 2 ；
A-area of leakage hole, unit is m 2 ；
Rho-liquid density in kg/m 3 ；
h L -the height of the liquid above the leak hole in m.
The following derivation formula is derived from the fluid mechanics related formula:
in the formula:
Q v volume flow rate in m 3 /s；
The equation of continuity in terms of the total flow of fluid dynamics is, for incompressible liquids:
Q v ＝Av……(1-3)
in the formula:
v-flow rate of material at the leak in m/s.
Represented by the formula (1-1), the formula (1-2) or the formula (1-3):
this gives:
secondly, combining a mass conservation law and the calculation model of the material flow rate at the leakage hole obtained in the first step, and constructing a calculation model of the material descending flow rate in the storage tank represented by the height of the liquid level above the leakage hole;
the law of conservation of mass is:
Av＝A 1 v 1 ……(1-6)
in the formula:
A 1 bottom area of the tank in m 2 ；
v 1 -the speed of descent of the material in the tank, in m/s;
is represented by formula (1-5) and formula (1-6):
secondly, the descending flow speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is derived through the descending height of the liquid level in the storage tank, and the descending speed change rate of the liquid level in the storage tank is introduced
Thirdly, introducing the descending height of the liquid level in the storage tank and the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank to construct a model for calculating the descending flow rate of the materials in the storage tank, wherein the model is suitable for the leakage of any weak part of the storage tank;
if the position of the leakage hole is not fixed, set h 1 For the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank, then:
h L ＝h-h 1 -Δh……(1-8)
in the formula:
h is the original liquid height in the storage tank before the storage tank is not leaked, and the unit is m;
h 1 -the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank is m;
delta h is the height of the liquid level drop after the storage tank leaks, and the unit is m.
Substituting the square of the formula (1-7) into the formula (1-8) results in:
fourthly, the descending flow speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is derived through the height of the liquid level in the storage tank, and the change rate of the descending speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is introduced;
then, it can be obtained from the formula (1-9):
let t be the leakage time, which is given by the derivation formula:
in the formula:
t-leak time in units of s.
Order: a is 1 The rate of change of the liquid level descending speed in the storage tank is as follows:
in the formula:
a 1 -the rate of change of the rate of decrease of the liquid level in the tank in m/s 2 。
Represented by the formula (1-10), the formula (1-11), the formula (1-12):
is obtained by the formula (1-13):
integrating the rate of change of the liquid level descending speed in the storage tank and the descending flow rate of the liquid level in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to construct a model for calculating the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body.
Integrating the rate of change of the liquid level descending velocity in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to obtain a model for calculating the liquid level descending velocity in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
thus:
in the formula:
C 1 -a function constant.
When t =0, v 1 Max, when Δ h =0, so:
thus:
integrating the liquid level descending flow rate in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to obtain a liquid level descending height calculation model in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
in the formula:
C 2 -a function constant.
When t =0, Δ h =0, so C 2 =0, so there are:
seventhly, obtaining the height of the liquid above the leakage hole represented by the leakage time based on the liquid level descending height in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
h is composed of L ＝h-h 1 - Δ h, to obtain:
and eighthly, introducing a mass calculation formula, and combining the liquid level falling height in the storage tank represented by the leakage time to obtain a model for calculating the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body.
m＝ρ×A 1 X Δ h … … (where Δ h ≦ h-h) 1 )(1-23)
In the formula:
m is liquid leakage amount, kg;
then the compound represented by the formula (1-21) or the formula (1-23) has:
the formulae (1-24) are further simplified by:
in the formula:
m is liquid leakage amount, kg;
rho-liquid density in kg/m 3 ；
t is leakage time in units of s;
a-area of leakage hole, unit is m 2 ；
A 1 Bottom area of the tank in m 2 ；
C 0 -a liquid leakage coefficient;
g-gravitational acceleration, 9.8m/s 2 ；
h is the original liquid height in the storage tank before the storage tank is not leaked, and the unit is m;
h 1 -the height of the leak hole from the bottom of the tank in m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the calculation model of the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body is established, the relation between the leakage amount and the continuous leakage time period is determined, and the accuracy of the calculation of the continuous real-time leakage amount can be improved. And the calculation of the continuous leakage amount in any leakage time period has the advantage of being not influenced by the leakage position of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body, and the occurrence of risks can be prevented and controlled to a certain extent. The method has wide application prospect in the aspect of calculating the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body for storing the liquid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the modeling steps of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an example analytical computational modeling of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.
Example (b):
an accurate calculation model based on continuous real-time leakage of a normal-pressure vertical storage tank body comprises the following steps:
firstly, a model of the descending flow speed of the materials in the storage tank after leakage represented by the height of the liquid level above the leakage hole is constructed
Firstly, constructing a material flow speed calculation model at a leakage hole, which is represented by the height of a liquid surface above the leakage hole, based on an instantaneous mass flow rate mathematical model in the quantitative risk evaluation guide of chemical enterprises (AQ/T3046-2013) and in combination with a volume flow rate formula;
in appendix E of the chemical industry quantitative Risk assessment guide (AQ/T3046-2013) (E1.2 liquid flows out through holes on a storage tank):
the instantaneous mass flow rate is calculated as:
in the formula:
qm-mass flow rate in kg/s;
p is the pressure of the liquid in the storage tank, and the unit is Pa;
p0-ambient pressure in Pa;
c0-liquid leakage coefficient;
g-gravitational acceleration, 9.8m/s 2 ；
A-area of leakage hole, unit is m 2 ；
Rho-liquid density, in kg/m 3 ；
hL — height of liquid above the leak hole in m.
The following derivation formula is derived from the fluid mechanics related formula:
in the formula:
Q v -volume flow rate in m 3 /s；
The equation of continuity in terms of the total flow of fluid dynamics is, for incompressible liquids:
Q v ＝Av……(1-3)
in the formula:
v-flow rate of material at the leak in m/s.
Represented by the formula (1-1), the formula (1-2) or the formula (1-3):
this gives:
secondly, combining a mass conservation law and the calculation model of the material flow rate at the leakage hole obtained in the first step, and constructing a calculation model of the material descending flow rate in the storage tank represented by the height of the liquid level above the leakage hole;
the law of conservation of mass is:
Av＝A 1 v 1 ……(1-6)
in the formula:
a1-bottom area of storage tank, unit is m 2 ；
v 1-the descending speed of the materials in the storage tank, and the unit is m/s;
the compound represented by the formula (1-5) or the formula (1-6) is:
and secondly, deriving the descending flow rate of the liquid level in the storage tank through the descending height of the liquid level in the storage tank, and introducing the descending speed change rate of the liquid level in the storage tank.
Fourthly, introducing the descending height of the liquid level in the storage tank and the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank to construct a model for calculating the descending flow rate of the materials in the storage tank, wherein the model is suitable for the leakage of any weak part of the storage tank;
if the position of the leakage hole is indefinite, h1 is set as the height from the leakage hole to the bottom of the storage tank, then:
h L ＝h-h 1 -Δh……(1-8)
in the formula:
h is the original liquid height in the storage tank before the storage tank is not leaked, and the unit is m;
h 1 -the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank is m;
delta h is the height of the liquid level drop after the storage tank leaks, and the unit is m.
Substituting the square of the formula (1-7) into the formula (1-8) results in:
fifthly, the descending flow speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is derived through the descending height of the liquid level in the storage tank, and the descending speed change rate of the liquid level in the storage tank is introduced;
then, it can be obtained from the formula (1-9):
let t be the leakage time, which is given by the derivation formula:
in the formula:
t is the leakage time in s.
Order: a is a 1 The rate of change of the liquid level descending speed in the storage tank is as follows:
in the formula:
a 1 -the rate of change of the rate of decrease of the liquid level in the tank in m/s 2 。
Represented by the formula (1-10), the formula (1-11), the formula (1-12):
is obtained by the formula (1-13):
integrating the rate of change of the liquid level descending speed in the storage tank and the descending flow rate of the liquid level in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage, and constructing a model for calculating the continuous real-time leakage amount based on the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body.
Integrating the rate of change of the liquid level descending velocity in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to obtain a model for calculating the liquid level descending velocity in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
thus:
in the formula:
C 1 -a function constant.
When t =0, v 1 Max, when Δ h =0, so:
thus:
step seven, integrating the descending flow rate of the liquid level in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to obtain a calculation model of the descending height of the liquid level in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
in the formula:
C 2 -a function constant.
When t =0, Δ h =0, so C 2 =0, so there are:
eighthly, obtaining the height of the liquid above the leakage hole represented by the leakage time based on the liquid level descending height in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
h is composed of L ＝h-h 1 - Δ h, to obtain:
and ninthly, introducing a mass calculation formula, and combining the liquid level falling height in the storage tank represented by the leakage time to obtain a model for calculating the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body.
m＝ρ×A 1 X Δ h … … (where Δ h ≦ h-h) 1 ) (1-23)
In the formula:
m is liquid leakage amount, kg;
then the compound represented by the formula (1-21) or the formula (1-23) has:
the formulae (1-24) are further simplified by:
in the formula:
m is liquid leakage amount, kg;
rho-liquid density in kg/m 3 ；
t is leakage time in s;
a-area of leakage hole, unit is m 2 ；
A 1 The bottom area of the tank is m 2 ；
C 0 -a liquid leakage coefficient;
g-acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s 2 ；
h is the original liquid height in the storage tank before the storage tank is not leaked, and the unit is m;
h 1 the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank is m.
And calculating the liquid leakage amount of different leakage scenes corresponding to the table 5 according to the calculation model deduced by the invention.
Taking a gasoline storage tank as an example, relevant parameters of the gasoline storage tank are derived from storage tank information of a certain petrochemical oil depot, specific relevant parameters are shown in table 1, and the parameters of the gasoline storage tank are as follows: storage tank volume V =10000m 3 (ii) a Inner diameter D =30m; height H =19.341m; calculating the original liquid height in the storage tank according to h =12m (the filling coefficient of the storage tank is calculated according to 0.84); the tank area detection system is of grade A, and the isolation system is of grade C.
TABLE 1 table of relevant parameters of atmospheric vertical gasoline storage tank
According to the quantitative risk evaluation guide of chemical enterprises (AQ/T3046-2013) 8.1.1 leakage scenes, the leakage scenes can be divided into two categories of complete fracture and hole leakage according to the size of the leakage hole diameter, representative leakage scenes are shown in a leakage scene of a table 2, and the leakage scenes according to the table 2 comprise small hole leakage, representative value of the leakage hole diameter is 5mm, a middle hole leakage, representative value of the leakage hole diameter is 25mm, and a large hole leakage, representative value of the leakage hole diameter is 100mm.
TABLE 2 leakage scenarios
The classification guideline of the detection and isolation system for evaluating the continuous leakage is shown in a table 3 according to the appendix F of the quantitative risk evaluation guide of chemical enterprises (AQ/T3046-2013), and the leakage time under each aperture is shown in a table 4 by classifying the detection and isolation system and combining the result of human factor analysis.
Table 3 is a classification guideline for detection and isolation systems, and the information given in this table is used only when evaluating a continuous leak.
TABLE 3 hierarchical guide to the detection and isolation System
The leak time at each aperture is shown in table 4 by grading the detection and isolation system in combination with the results of the anthropogenic analysis.
TABLE 4 leak time based on detection and isolation System grade
The leakage scene of the atmospheric vertical gasoline storage tank in the example analysis is determined according to the contents in the table 2, the table 3 and the table 4, and the specific content is shown in the table 5.
Table 5 leakage scenario parameters summary
Calculating leakage according to the second edition of accident investigation and analysis technology 6.2.1.2: if the crack of the normal pressure vertical storage tank, which leaks, is regular, the shape of the crack is circular, polygonal, triangular or rectangular. Coefficient of liquid leakage C 0 See table 6.
TABLE 6 liquid leakage coefficient C 0
The calculation model of the invention is used for calculating the gasoline leakage amount in different leakage scenes in the table 5, and the example calculation result is shown in the table 7.
Table 7 example calculation results
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to carry out the same, and the present invention should not be limited to the examples, that is, all equivalent changes or modifications made within the spirit of the present invention disclosed will still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a model of calculation based on continuous real-time leakage of normal pressure vertical storage tank body which characterized in that: the model construction comprises the following steps:
(I) constructing a model of the descending flow velocity of the material in the storage tank after leakage represented by the height of the liquid level above the leakage hole
The method comprises the steps that firstly, a material flow velocity calculation model at a leakage hole represented by the height of a liquid surface above the leakage hole is constructed on the basis of an instantaneous mass flow rate mathematical model in a quantitative risk evaluation guide of chemical enterprises (AQ/T3046-2013) and in combination with a volume flow rate formula;
in appendix E of the chemical industry quantitative Risk assessment guide (AQ/T3046-2013) (E1.2 liquid flows out through holes on a storage tank):
the instantaneous mass flow rate is calculated as:
in the formula:
Q m -mass flow rate in kg/s;
p is the pressure of the liquid in the storage tank, and the unit is Pa;
P 0 -ambient pressure in Pa;
C 0 -a liquid leakage coefficient;
g-acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s 2 ；
A-area of leakage hole, unit is m 2 ；
Rho-liquid density in kg/m 3 ；
h L -the height of liquid above the leak hole, in m;
the following derivation formula is derived from the fluid mechanics related formula:
in the formula:
Q v -volume flow rate in m 3 /s；
The equation of continuity in terms of the total flow of fluid dynamics is, for incompressible liquids:
Q v ＝Av……(1-3)
in the formula:
v-flow rate of material at the leak in m/s;
derived from the following formulae (1-1), (1-2) and (1-3):
this gives:
secondly, combining a mass conservation law and the calculation model of the material flow rate at the leakage hole obtained in the first step, and constructing a calculation model of the material descending flow rate in the storage tank represented by the height of the liquid level above the leakage hole;
the law of conservation of mass is:
Av＝A 1 v 1 ……(1-6)
in the formula:
A 1 bottom area of the tank in m 2 ；
v 1 -the speed of descent of the material in the tank, in m/s;
the compound represented by the formula (1-5) or the formula (1-6) is:
secondly, the descending flow speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is derived through the descending height of the liquid level in the storage tank, and the change rate of the descending speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is introduced;
thirdly, introducing the height of the liquid level in the storage tank to drop and the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank to construct a model for calculating the dropping flow rate of the materials in the storage tank, wherein the model is suitable for the leakage of any weak part of the storage tank;
if the position of the leakage hole is not fixed, set h 1 For the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank, then:
h L ＝h-h 1 -Δh……(1-8)
in the formula:
h is the original liquid height in the storage tank before the storage tank is not leaked, and the unit is m;
h 1 -the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank is m;
delta h is the height of the liquid level drop after the storage tank leaks, and the unit is m;
substituting the square of the formula (1-7) into the formula (1-8) results in:
fourthly, the descending flow speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is derived through the height of the liquid level in the storage tank, and the change rate of the descending speed of the liquid level in the storage tank is introduced;
then, it can be obtained from the formula (1-9):
let t be the leakage time, which is given by the derivation formula:
in the formula:
t is leakage time in units of s;
order: a is 1 The rate of change of the liquid level descending speed in the storage tank is as follows:
in the formula:
a 1 -the rate of change of the rate of decrease of the liquid level in the tank in m/s 2 ；
Represented by the formula (1-10), the formula (1-11), the formula (1-12):
is obtained by the formula (1-13):
integrating the rate of change of the liquid level descending speed in the storage tank and the descending flow rate of the liquid level in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to construct a calculation model based on the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body;
integrating the rate of change of the liquid level descending velocity in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to obtain a model for calculating the liquid level descending velocity in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
thus:
in the formula:
C 1 -a function constant;
when t =0, v 1 Max, when Δ h =0, so:
thus:
integrating the liquid level descending flow rate in the storage tank within a period of continuous leakage to obtain a liquid level descending height calculation model in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
in the formula:
C 2 -a function constant;
when t =0, Δ h =0, so C 2 =0, so there are:
Seventhly, obtaining the height of the liquid above the leakage hole represented by the leakage time based on the liquid level descending height in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
consists of: h is a total of L ＝h-h l - Δ h, yielding:
a mass calculation formula is introduced, and a calculation model based on the continuous real-time leakage amount of the normal-pressure vertical storage tank body is obtained by combining the liquid level descending height in the storage tank represented by the leakage time;
m＝ρ×A 1 x Δ h … … (where Δ h ≦ h-h) 1 ) (1-23)
In the formula:
m is liquid leakage quantity, kg;
then the compound represented by the formula (1-21) or the formula (1-23) has:
the formulae (1-24) are further simplified by:
in the formula:
m is liquid leakage amount, kg;
rho-liquid density in kg/m 3 ；
t is leakage time in units of s;
a-area of leakage hole, unit is m 2 ；
A 1 The bottom area of the tank is m 2 ；
C 0 -a liquid leakage coefficient;
g-acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s 2 ；
h is the original liquid height in the storage tank before the storage tank is not leaked, and the unit is m;
h 1 the height of the leakage hole from the bottom of the storage tank is m.
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| 基于质量流率离散方法的液氨储罐泄漏扩散模型的研究;孙东亮 等;《工业安全与环保》;20100630;第5-8页 * |
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