CN114722466A - Chemical cofferdam design method - Google Patents
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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Abstract
The invention provides a chemical cofferdam design method, which comprises the following steps: (1) the specification of the storage tank is determined, and basic data are provided for subsequent calculation; (2) establishing a Bernoulli equation, and solving the maximum horizontal emergent speed of the fluid at the leakage point; (3) calculating a horizontal ejection distance of the liquid; (4) the cofferdam volume is checked for sufficient containment of the leaking liquid. The invention solves the maximum horizontal jet velocity of the fluid at the leakage point based on the Bernoulli equation, then establishes a horizontal jet distance equation, and judges the distance between the cofferdam and the storage tankLAnd height of cofferdamh 0 Whether the liquid can be blocked from being sprayed out of the cofferdam area or not and whether the cofferdam volume is enough to accommodate the leaked liquid or not is checked, and cofferdam parameters are designed. The method makes up the defect of low precision of the existing cofferdam design method, and realizes the precise design of cofferdam parameters; at the same time, the user can select the desired position,the method is simple and convenient, has strong operability and has higher engineering application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical agent safety protection, and particularly relates to a chemical cofferdam design method.
Background
The chemical industry is an indispensable important component in national economy, and the safe production of the chemical industry has important practical significance for the development of human economy and society.
Due to the wide variety of chemical industry, complex process and various products, enterprises can store a large amount of chemicals. Because of strong corrosivity, easy combustion and high toxicity, once leaked, part of chemicals seriously affect the ecological environment and endanger the health of human beings.
In order to ensure the safety of the chemical storage tank area and reduce and prevent the harm of chemical leakage, the national standard requires that the storage tank area be provided with a cofferdam (for flammable liquid, a fire bank is arranged).
For the parameter design requirements of cofferdams (fire dams), the national standards have made corresponding requirements, such as:
GB 50351-; the distance from the pipe wall of the horizontal oil tank to the inner bank foot line of the fire bank is not less than 3 m; the distance from the tank wall to the slope toe line of the excavated slope is not less than 3 m. 3.2.5 the effective volume in the bank should not be less than the nominal volume of a maximum tank in the bank. 3.2.6 the top surface of the fire dam of the oil tank group is 0.2m higher than the calculated liquid level, the fire dam of the vertical oil tank group is higher than the designed terrace in the dam and is not less than 1.0m, the design terrace higher than the outer part of the dam or the ground of the fire-fighting road is not more than 3.2m, and the fire dam of the horizontal oil tank group is higher than the designed terrace in the dam and is not less than 0.5 m.
GB 50160 and 2008 petrochemical industry enterprise design fire protection code 6.2.12 effective volume in the fire dike and the bank should meet the following regulations: (1) the effective volume within the bank should not be less than the volume of the 1 largest storage tank within the tank battery. 6.2.13 the distance from the vertical storage tank to the inner bank line of the fire bank should not be less than half of the height of the tank wall, and the distance from the horizontal storage tank to the inner bank line of the fire bank should not be less than 3 m. 6.2.17 the fire dam and the bank should meet the following regulations: (2) the height of the fireproof dike of the vertical storage tank is calculated by adding 0.2m, but not less than 1.0m (based on the designed ground level inside the dike), and not more than 2.2m (based on the stable ground level designed within 3m outside the dike); the height of the horizontal storage tank fire dike is not less than 0.5m (based on the elevation of the designed terrace in the dike).
SH3011-2011 petrochemical process device arrangement design specification 3.0.18 should set up the cofferdam in the operation or the region that the maintenance in-process is likely to be contaminated by combustible liquid, corrosive medium or toxic material, and the setting of cofferdam should accord with following requirement: (a) the height of the cofferdam above the ground of the weir area is not less than 150 mm.
In summary, the design data of chemical cofferdams is substantially blank in the industry (only SH3011-2011 explicitly proposes the setting scenario of cofferdams and the height range of cofferdams). In actual design, design requirements of fire protection are generally referred to, but current data only show the height range of a fire protection embankment and the distance range from a cofferdam to a storage tank, and quantitative design is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a chemical cofferdam design method, which overcomes the technical problems in the prior art.
Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a chemical cofferdam design method comprises the following steps:
step 1) determining specification parameters, possible leakage points and related parameters of a chemical storage tank;
step 2) calculating the maximum horizontal emergent speed of the possible leakage point fluid;
step 3) calculating the horizontal jet distance of the fluid at the leakage pointS；
Step 4) according to the size of the field around the chemical storage tank and the horizontal spraying distanceSDetermining the distance from the cofferdam to the storage tankLThe size of the field is smaller than the horizontal jet distanceSWhen it is determined
The size of the on-site is not less than the horizontal jet distanceSWhen it is determined
；
According to the horizontal jet distance of the fluid at the leakage pointSDistance from cofferdam to storage tankLAnd volume of leaking fluid determines cofferdam heighth 0 ；
Step 5) determining the cofferdam height in step 4)h 0 On the basis of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.2m is added to obtainh 0 ’ According toh 0 ’ And the distance from the cofferdam to the storage tankLAnd (5) carrying out cofferdam design.
The specification parameters of the chemical storage tank in the step 1) comprise the diameter of the storage tankDAnd the height of the liquid surfaceH。
The possible leakage point in the step 1) is a pipeline joint or a flange interface, and relevant parameters of the leakage point comprise the height of the leakage pointhAnd diameter of leakage pointd。
The calculation method of the step 2) is as follows:
according to Bernoulli's equation
Can obtain the product
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,P 0 as height of chemical storage tankHThe static pressure of the liquid is measured,P 1for the height of the chemical storage tank ishThe static pressure of the liquid at the leak point of (a),V 0 as height of chemical storage tankHThe flow rate of the liquid(s) therein,V 1 as height of chemical storage tankhThe flow rate of the liquid, in the chemical tank,P 0 = P 1，V 0 andV 1 the phase contrast may be approximately 0.
Horizontal spray distance of dew point fluid in step 3)
Wherein, in the step (A),tthe time for the fluid to fall from the leak to the datum,
。
cofferdam height of step 4)h 0 The determination method comprises the following steps: distance between cofferdam and storage tankLNot less than horizontal throw distance of fluid at leakage pointSIn the process, the height of the cofferdam is obtained according to the volume of the cofferdam not less than the leaked fluid volumeh 0 。
Cofferdam height of step 4)h 0 The determination method comprises the following steps: distance between cofferdam and storage tankLLess than horizontal throw distance of fluid at leak pointSThe cofferdam has the volume not less than the leaked fluid amount and meets the height of the cofferdamh 0 Not less than the height of the jet point of the fluid on the cofferdamh 1 。
The volume of the weir is not less than the amount of fluid leaking is represented by:
the height of the cofferdam is obtained after the arrangementh 0 The conditions should be satisfied:
in the formula:Dthe diameter of the storage tank is taken as the diameter,His the height of the liquid level,Lthe distance from the cofferdam to the storage tank,his the leak height.
Height of said cofferdamh 0 Not less than the height of the jet point of the fluid on the weir
I.e. cofferdam height
And simultaneously satisfy the conditions
，h 0 Take the larger value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the design method of the chemical cofferdam provided by the invention solves the maximum horizontal jet velocity of the fluid at the leakage point based on the Bernoulli equation, then establishes the horizontal jet distance equation, and judges the distance from the cofferdam to the storage tankLAnd height of cofferdamh 0 Whether the liquid can be blocked from being sprayed out of the cofferdam area or not and whether the cofferdam volume is enough to accommodate the leaked liquid or not is checked, and cofferdam parameters are designed.
The method makes up the defect of low precision of the conventional cofferdam design method, and realizes the precise design of cofferdam parameters; meanwhile, the method is simple and convenient, has strong operability and has higher engineering application value.
The following will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the cofferdam-to-storage tank distance of the present invention
Designing a schematic diagram;
FIG. 2 shows the cofferdam to storage tank distance of the present invention
And (5) designing a schematic diagram.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a chemical cofferdam design method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) determining specification parameters, possible leakage points and related parameters of a chemical storage tank;
step 2) calculating the maximum horizontal emergent speed of the possible leakage point fluid;
step 3) calculating the horizontal jet distance of the fluid at the leakage pointS；
Step 4) according to the size of the field around the chemical storage tank and the horizontal spraying distanceSDetermining the distance from the cofferdam to the storage tankLThe size of the field is smaller than the horizontal jet distanceSWhen it is determined
The size of the on-site is not less than the horizontal jet distanceSWhen it is determined
；
According to the horizontal jet distance of the fluid at the leakage pointSDistance from cofferdam to storage tankLAnd volume of leaking fluid determines cofferdam heighth 0 ；
Step 5) determining the cofferdam height in step 4)h 0 On the basis of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.2m is added to obtainh 0 ’ According toh 0 ’ And the distance from the cofferdam to the storage tankLAnd (5) carrying out cofferdam design.
The design method of the chemical cofferdam provided by the invention comprises the steps of solving the maximum horizontal jet velocity of the fluid at the leakage point, then establishing a horizontal jet distance equation, and judging the distance from the cofferdam to the storage tankLAnd height of cofferdamh 0 Whether the liquid can be blocked from being sprayed out of the cofferdam area or not and whether the cofferdam volume is enough to accommodate the leaked liquid or not is checked, and cofferdam parameters are designed.
The method makes up the defect of low precision of the existing cofferdam design method, and realizes the precise design of cofferdam parameters; meanwhile, the method is simple and convenient, has strong operability and has higher engineering application value.
Example 2:
on the basis of embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a chemical cofferdam design method, and the specification parameters of the chemical storage tank in step 1) include the diameter of the storage tankDAnd the height of the liquid surfaceH. Wherein the possible leakage point is a pipeline joint or a flange interface, and the relevant parameter of the leakage point comprises the height of the leakage pointhAnd leak diameterd。
By establishing Bernoulli's equation
And solving the maximum horizontal emergent speed of the fluid at the leakage point. For chemical storage tanks, the atmospheric pressure is uniformly distributed in the interior, so when the Bernoulli equation is listed, the equation is left and rightP 0 = P 1Therefore, the atmospheric pressure can be directly considered as zero, and only the pressure of the water body is considered. Leakage point diameter at the same flow rate when fluid leaksdMuch smaller than the diameter of the storage tankDAnd therefore, the first and second electrodes are,V 0 approximately 0, at which the maximum horizontal emission speedV 1The expression of (a) is:
。
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P 0 as height of chemical storage tankHThe static pressure of the liquid is measured,P 1for the height of the chemical storage tank ishThe static pressure of the liquid at the leak point of (a).
Horizontal throw distance of fluid
Wherein, in the step (A),tthe time for the fluid to fall from the leak to the datum,
。
the distance from the weir to the storage tank in order to meet the requirement that the leaked liquid is not enough to be sprayed out of the weir areaLCan be designed as follows:
as shown in fig. 1.
In order to satisfy the requirement that the cofferdam volume is sufficient to contain the leaked liquid, the cofferdam volume is not less than the amount of leaked liquid, namely:
the height of the cofferdam is obtained after the arrangementh 0 The conditions should be satisfied:
in the formula:Dthe diameter of the storage tank is taken as the diameter,His the height of the liquid level,Lthe distance from the cofferdam to the storage tank,his the leak height.
Part of the chemical storage tank sites are restricted, resulting in
As shown in fig. 2, cofferdam heighth 0 Not less than the height of the jet point of the fluid on the cofferdam
Then, the design of the cofferdam height should satisfy two conditions: (a) height of cofferdamh 0Satisfies the conditions
After finishing to obtain
(ii) a (b) The weir volume is sufficient to contain the leaking liquid,h 0the conditions should be satisfied:
. After calculationh 0Take the larger value.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a chemical cofferdam design method, including the following steps:
(1) and (3) specifying the specification of the storage tank: diameter of storage tankD=1.50m, liquid level heightH=2.26m, distance of possible leakage point from reference planeh=0.40m, diameter of leakage pointd=0.005m；
(2) According to the formula
Solving the maximum horizontal emergent speed of the fluid at the leakage point, and calculating to obtain V1=6.04m/s。
(3) According to the formula
The horizontal throw distance of the liquid was solved and calculated as S =1.73 m.
(4) And (4) no barrier is arranged around the tank field, and the distance L =1.73m from the cofferdam to the storage tank is designed.
(5) According to the formula
The height of the cofferdam is solved, and h is calculated0=0.19m。
(6) By taking the existing data as reference, the height value of the cofferdam is increased by 0.2m on the basis of the calculated value.
(7) The cofferdam parameters designed according to the steps are as follows: the distance L =1.73m from the cofferdam to the storage tank; the cofferdam height is 0.39 m.
Example 4:
on the basis of embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a chemical cofferdam design method, including the following steps:
(1) the storage tank parameters are as follows: diameter of storage tankD=2.00m, height of liquid surfaceH=3.82m, distance of possible leakage point from reference planeh=1.91m, diameter of leakage pointd=0.006m。
(2) According to the formula
Solving the maximum horizontal emergent speed of the fluid at the leakage point, and calculating to obtain V1=6.12m/s。
(3) According to the formula
Solving the horizontal jet distance of the liquid and calculating to obtainS=3.82m。
(4) The conditions around the tank field are limited so thatL=2.70m, i.e.：
。
(5) According to the formula
Calculating the height of the cofferdam to obtainh 0 =0.96 m; according to the formula
The cofferdam height is solved and calculatedh 0 =0.15 m. Taking a large value after comparison, i.e. determiningh 0 =0.96m。
(6) By using the existing data and the height of the cofferdamh 0 And 0.2m is added on the basis of the calculated value.
(7) The cofferdam parameters designed according to the steps are as follows: distance from cofferdam to storage tankL=2.70 m; the height of the cofferdam is 1.16 m.
Example 5:
on the basis of embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a chemical cofferdam design method, including the following steps:
(1) the storage tank parameters are as follows: diameter of storage tankD=3.00m, height of liquid levelH=4.24m, distance of possible leakage point from reference planeh=0.50m, diameter of leakage pointd=0.008m。
(2) According to the formula
Solving the maximum horizontal emergent speed of the fluid at the leakage point, and calculating to obtain V1=8.57m/s。
(3) According to the formula
The horizontal throw distance of the liquid was solved and calculated as S =2.74 m.
(4) The conditions around the tank field are limited so thatL=1.80m, i.e.:
。
(5) according to the formula
Calculating the height of the cofferdam, calculatedh 0 =0.28 m; according to the formula
The cofferdam height is solved and calculatedh 0 =0.98 m. Taking the larger value after comparison, i.e. calculatingh 0 =0.98m。
(6) By using the existing data and the height of the cofferdamh 0 And 0.2m is added on the basis of the calculated value.
(7) The cofferdam parameters designed according to the steps are as follows: distance from cofferdam to storage tankL=1.80 m; the height of the cofferdam is 1.18 m.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A chemical cofferdam design method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) determining specification parameters, possible leakage points and related parameters of a chemical storage tank;
step 2) calculating the maximum horizontal emergent speed of the possible leakage point fluid;
step 3) calculating the horizontal jet distance of the fluid at the leakage pointS；
Step 4) according to the size of the field around the chemical storage tank and the horizontal spraying distanceSDetermining the distance from the cofferdam to the storage tankLThe size of the field is smaller than the horizontal jet distanceSWhen determining
The size of the on-site is not less than the horizontal jet distanceSWhen it is determined
；
According to the horizontal jet distance of the fluid at the leakage pointSDistance from cofferdam to storage tankLAnd volume of leaking fluid determines cofferdam heighth 0 ；
Step 5) determining the cofferdam height in step 4)h 0 On the basis of the total weight of the raw materials, 0.2m is added to obtainh 0 ’ According toh 0 ’ And the distance from the cofferdam to the storage tankLAnd (5) carrying out cofferdam design.
2. The chemical cofferdam design method of claim 1, wherein: the specification parameters of the chemical storage tank in the step 1) comprise the diameter of the storage tankDAnd the height of the liquid surfaceH。
3. The chemical cofferdam design method of claim 1, wherein: the possible leakage point in the step 1) is a pipeline joint or a flange interface, and relevant parameters of the leakage point comprise the height of the leakage pointhAnd diameter of leakage pointd。
4. The chemical cofferdam design method of claim 1, wherein the calculation method of step 2) is as follows:
according to Bernoulli's equation
Can obtain the product
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,P 0 as height of chemical storage tankHThe static pressure of the liquid is measured,P 1for the height of the chemical storage tank ishThe static pressure of the liquid at the leak point of (a),V 0 as height of chemical storage tankHFor treating liquidsThe flow rate of the liquid is controlled,V 1 as height of chemical storage tankhThe flow rate of the liquid, in the chemical tank,P 0 = P 1，V 0 andV 1 the phase contrast may be approximately 0.
5. The chemical cofferdam design method of claim 4, wherein: horizontal spray distance of dew point fluid in step 3)
Wherein, in the step (A),tthe time for the fluid to fall from the leak to the datum,
。
6. the chemical cofferdam design method of claim 1, wherein: cofferdam height of step 4)h 0 The determination method comprises the following steps: distance between cofferdam and storage tankLNot less than horizontal throw distance of fluid at leakage pointSIn the process, the height of the cofferdam is obtained according to the volume of the cofferdam not less than the leaked fluid volumeh 0 。
7. The chemical cofferdam design method of claim 1, wherein: cofferdam height of step 4)h 0 The determination method comprises the following steps: distance between cofferdam and storage tankLLess than horizontal throw distance of fluid at leak pointSThe cofferdam has the volume not less than the leaked fluid amount and meets the height of the cofferdamh 0 Not less than the height of the jet point of the fluid on the cofferdamh 1 。
8. The chemical cofferdam design method of claim 6 or 7, wherein: the volume of the weir is not less than the amount of fluid leaking is represented by:
the height of the cofferdam is obtained after the arrangementh 0 The conditions should be satisfied:
in the formula:Dthe diameter of the storage tank is taken as the diameter,His the height of the liquid level,Lthe distance from the cofferdam to the storage tank,his the leak height.
9. The chemical cofferdam design method of claim 7, wherein: height of said cofferdamh 0 Not less than the height of the jet point of the fluid on the cofferdam
I.e. cofferdam height
And simultaneously satisfy the conditions
，h 0 Take the larger value.
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