CN111207803A - Pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on liquid ammonia horizontal tankmCalculation model - Google Patents

Pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on liquid ammonia horizontal tankmCalculation model Download PDF

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CN111207803A
CN111207803A CN202010045371.7A CN202010045371A CN111207803A CN 111207803 A CN111207803 A CN 111207803A CN 202010045371 A CN202010045371 A CN 202010045371A CN 111207803 A CN111207803 A CN 111207803A
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何娟霞
周冬梅
马野
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Guangxi University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on a liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe invention provides a calculation model, which aims at the change of tank pressure caused by flash evaporation of liquid ammonia leakage, corrects the real-time pressure P in a tank during leakage, and provides the relation between the mass flow rate and the liquid level height in the tank when pure liquid leaks from a horizontal tank of liquid ammonia on the basis of considering the structural characteristics of the horizontal tank. The invention provides a pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of a liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe model can quickly calculate the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the horizontal liquid ammonia tank through the height h of the liquid level in the tank during leakagemFurther obtaining the maximum mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankm(max)Effective theoretical calculation reference data are provided for quantitative risk assessment of accidents caused by continuous liquid leakage of liquid ammonia horizontal tank and meanwhile effective reference can be provided for emergency handling of accidents, emergency handling schemes of accidents are scientifically formulated, and accident loss is reduced to the maximum extentAnd casualties.

Description

Pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on liquid ammonia horizontal tankmCalculation model
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of storage tank leakage safety, and particularly relates to a pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on a liquid ammonia horizontal tankmAnd calculating the model.
Background
Mass flow rate Q of liquid leakage after leakage of storage tankmIs a powerful basis for analyzing the accident consequences and the spread range caused by the leakage of the storage tank, and the leakage mass flow rate QmThe accurate calculation of the method provides a scientific and effective basis for preventing and making accident prevention measuresAccordingly.
Ammonia, NH3Colorless gas has a strong irritating odor, has a relative density of 0.5971 (1.00% for air), is easily liquefied into colorless liquid, and can be liquefied by pressurizing at room temperature. At high temperature, the catalyst will decompose into nitrogen and hydrogen, and has reducing effect. Which can be oxidized to nitric oxide in the presence of a catalyst. Ammonia gas can burn the mucous membranes of skin, eyes and respiratory organs, and excessive inhalation of people can cause lung swelling and even death. Ammonia is widely used in the fields of chemical industry, light industry, fertilizers, pharmacy, synthetic fibers and the like: ammonia is used for producing ammonia water, nitrogenous fertilizers (urea, ammonium bicarbonate and the like), compound fertilizers, nitric acid, ammonium salts, soda ash and the like, and nitrogenous inorganic salts, organic matter intermediates, sulfa drugs, polyurethane, polyamide fibers, nitrile rubber and the like all need to directly take ammonia as a raw material; in addition, liquid ammonia is commonly used as a refrigerant, and ammonia can also be used as a biofuel to provide energy.
For ease of transportation and storage, gaseous ammonia is typically stored in pressurized storage tanks or cylinders by pressurization or cooling (or both) to obtain liquid ammonia. Once a leak has occurred, serious consequences are: liquid ammonia is flashed after leakage to form explosive mixed gas of steam and air, and once the explosive mixed gas reaches the explosion limit, the explosive mixed gas is very likely to cause combustion and explosion when meeting open fire and high heat; and the formed ammonia vapor diffuses into the environment under the action of wind power, and once a human body contacts or inhales, the normal physiological function of the human body can be influenced, and even poisoning and death can be caused.
Figure BDA0002369190490000011
The method is a classical calculation model of the mass flow rate of liquid leaking through the holes or cracks of the storage tank, and is mainly suitable for the normal-pressure vertical storage tank. For the horizontal storage tank, the change of the tank pressure caused by the flash evaporation of the liquid ammonia during leakage and the special structural characteristics of the horizontal tank are not considered. However, there is a great difference in structural design between the vertical storage tank and the horizontal storage tank, such as: the vertical container needs to consider wind load, but the horizontal storage tank does not need; the horizontal storage tank needs to consider the bending moment generated by the self weight of the storage tank, while the vertical storage tank does not need; the height of most liquid levels of the horizontal storage tank is lower, and the design pressure of the cylinder is slightly higherThe static pressure of the liquid column can be ignored when the pressure is calculated according to the GB150.3-2011 regulations, and the static pressure of the liquid column cannot be ignored under most conditions because most liquid levels of the vertical storage tank are high. Therefore, the subsequent evaluation and analysis of the leakage range and the accident consequences can be accurately performed by respectively establishing calculation models of the liquid leakage mass flow rate of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank according to the respective structural characteristics of the vertical storage tank and the horizontal storage tank and the difference of gas-liquid two-phase pressure balance in the tanks and by considering the real-time pressure change when the pressure storage tank leaks and the special structural characteristics of the horizontal tank.
At present, the calculation of the liquid leakage mass flow rate of a vertical storage tank is mature and accurate, the liquid leakage mass flow rate of a horizontal storage tank is often calculated by referring to an algorithm of the vertical storage tank, the obtained calculation result has large deviation, correspondingly, the deviation of a risk assessment result is also large, accident prevention is difficult to accurately carry out, and the accident damage is easy to expand. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a calculation model of the leakage mass flow rate of the low-boiling-point liquid in the horizontal storage tank aiming at the change of the pressure in the tank caused by the flash evaporation of the liquid ammonia leakage and the special structural characteristics of the horizontal tank, so that effective theoretical calculation reference data are provided for quantitative risk assessment of accidents caused by continuous liquid-state leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank, and meanwhile, effective reference can be provided for emergency handling of the accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on a liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe calculation model aims at the change of tank pressure caused by flash evaporation of liquid ammonia leakage, corrects the real-time pressure P in the tank during leakage, and obtains the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank by considering the structural characteristics of the horizontal tankmThe model can accurately calculate the liquid leakage mass flow rate of the horizontal storage tank, and effective theoretical calculation reference data are provided for quantitative risk assessment of pure liquid continuous leakage accidents of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe calculation model can be used for rapidly calculating the liquid level h in the storage tank body when the storage tank body leaksCalculating mass flow rate Q of pure liquid in the horizontal liquid ammonia tank at any timemThe mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe model is as follows:
Figure BDA0002369190490000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Qmis the liquid leakage mass flow rate, kg/s;
rho is the liquid density, kg/m3；
A is the area of the leakage opening, m2；
C0Is the liquid leakage coefficient;
Pninitial tank pressure, i.e. storage pressure, Pa;
V0is the initial gas volume in the tank, m3；
L is the length of the horizontal tank, m;
r is the radius of the vertical section of the storage tank, m;
h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m;
h0is the initial liquid level height m in the tank;
P0is ambient pressure, Pa;
g is the acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s2；
h1The height of the leakage port from the bottom of the storage tank is m.
The invention relates to a pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of a liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe model building method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing real-time pressure P model in pure liquid leakage tank of liquid ammonia horizontal tank
The mass flow rate of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank mainly changes along with the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the tank, and the change of the state of the substances in the tank obeys an ideal gas state equation:
PnV0＝n0RT (1)；
P[V0+A1(h0-h)]＝(n0+Δn)RT (2)；
the material in the jar mainly leads to the phase change because of the gas-liquid phase district pressure differential balance of the interior continuation of jar, does not have chemical reaction, allies oneself with vertical (1) and formula (2), obtains the interior real-time pressure P model of liquid ammonia horizontal tank pure liquid leakage jar:
Figure BDA0002369190490000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Pninitial tank pressure, i.e. storage pressure, Pa;
V0is the initial gas volume in the tank, m3；
n0Is the amount of the initial gas substance in the tank, mol;
r is an ideal gas constant, 8.314J/(mol.K);
t is the temperature of the medium in the tank, K;
p is the real-time pressure in the tank, Pa;
A1is the area of the liquid surface, m2；
h0Is the initial liquid level height m in the tank;
h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m;
Δ n is the amount of gas species added in the tank, mol;
step two: establishing liquid level area A of liquid ammonia horizontal tank at any time of leakage1Model (model)
The liquid ammonia horizontal tank is regarded as the middle and has the section radius of r and the length of L1The two ends of the cylinder are hemispheres with the radius of r, so the liquid level area A at any time in the tank1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002369190490000032
Figure BDA0002369190490000033
the combined vertical type (4) and (5) are used for obtaining the liquid surface area A of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank at any time when the liquid ammonia horizontal tank leaks1Model:
Figure BDA0002369190490000034
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
L1the length of the middle cylinder of the horizontal tank is m;
r is the radius of the vertical section of the storage tank, m;
h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m;
l is the length of the horizontal tank, m;
step three: establishing pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of liquid ammonia horizontal tankmModel (model)
When liquid flows out through the holes or cracks of the storage tank, the classic model of the instantaneous mass flow rate is as follows:
Figure BDA0002369190490000041
setting the height of a leakage port from the bottom of the storage tank to be h1The height h of the liquid level above the leakage portLComprises the following steps:
hL＝h-h1(8)；
the combined vertical type (3), (6), (7) and (8) obtain the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmModel:
Figure BDA0002369190490000042
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Qmis the liquid leakage mass flow rate, kg/s;
rho is the liquid density, kg/m3；
A is the area of the leakage opening, m2；
C0Is the liquid leakage coefficient;
p is the real-time pressure in the tank, Pa;
P0is ambient pressure, Pa;
g is the acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s2；
hLThe height of the liquid level above the leakage port is m;
h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m;
h1the height between the leakage port and the bottom of the storage tank is m;
Pninitial tank pressure, i.e. storage pressure, Pa;
V0is the initial gas volume in the tank, m3；
L is the length of the horizontal tank, m;
r is the radius of the vertical section of the storage tank, m;
h0is the initial liquid level in the tank, m.
Preferably, when the storage tank body leaks, the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate QmThe liquid level h in the tank is reduced along with the reduction of the liquid level h in the tank, the reduction range is gradually slowed down, and the leakage initial moment Q ismThe value is maximum; when the leakage of the storage tank body is about to end, namely the horizontal liquid level in the storage tank is lowered to the position of the leakage port, Q at the momentmInfinity 0kg/s until the liquid level in the tank is lower than the height of the leakage port, and QmThe leakage stopped at 0 kg/s.
Coefficient of liquid leakage C as described above0Is a dimensionless constant, and takes the corresponding value as follows:
(1) when Reynolds number>At 100, time: the leakage opening is circular or polygonal, C0Taking 0.65; the leakage opening is triangular C0Taking 0.60; the leakage opening is rectangular C0Taking 0.55;
(2) when the Reynolds number is less than or equal to 100: the leakage opening is circular or polygonal, C0Taking 0.50; the leakage opening is triangular C0Taking 0.45; the leakage opening is rectangular C0Take 0.40.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention corrects the real-time pressure P in the tank during leakage, and considers the structural characteristics of the horizontal tank, and provides the relation between the mass flow rate and the liquid level height in the tank when pure liquid leaks from the liquid ammonia horizontal tank; the obtained pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe calculation model can accurately calculate the liquid leakage mass flow rate of the horizontal storage tank, and effectively solves the problem that the liquid leakage mass flow rate of the current horizontal storage tank refers to that of the vertical storage tankThe calculation result is inaccurate due to the algorithm, and the risk coping capability of the pure liquid leakage of the horizontal tank is greatly improved. The method is applied to industrial production, can be used for analyzing the safety problem of the leakage accident of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank, provides effective theoretical calculation reference data for accident prevention, and greatly reduces the risk of the storage tank area.
(2) Pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of liquid ammonia horizontal tank according to the inventionmThe calculation model can draw the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the horizontal tank of liquid ammonia is rapidly calculated according to the relation change curve of the liquid level h in the tank and the liquid level h in the known parameter tankmAnd further calculating the maximum mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankm(max)The method provides effective theoretical calculation reference data for quantitative risk assessment of the pure liquid continuous leakage accident of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank, and simultaneously provides effective reference for emergency handling of the accident, scientifically formulates an emergency handling scheme of the accident, reduces accident loss and casualties to the greatest extent, and has wide application prospect in the aspect of quantitative analysis of industrial safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage from a horizontal tank of liquid ammonia according to the present inventionmGraph relating to the height h of the liquid level in the tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Taking a liquid ammonia horizontal tank of a certain refrigeration enterprise in Guangxi as an example, calculating the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankm：
Firstly, collecting relevant parameters of a liquid ammonia horizontal tank, specifically comprising the following steps:
storage tank capacity 15m3(phi 1.7 multiplied by 6.74m), a filling coefficient of 80 percent, an initial liquid level height in the tank of 1.28m, a storage temperature of 25 ℃, a storage pressure of 1.65MPa and an environmental pressure of 0.1 MPa; the specific relevant parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 liquid ammonia horizontal tank correlation parameter table
Figure BDA0002369190490000061
According to the quantitative risk evaluation guide of chemical enterprises (AQ/T3046-2013)8.1.1, leakage scenes are specified, the sizes of leakage apertures can be divided into two categories of complete fracture and hole leakage, and representative leakage scenes and aperture ranges are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 leakage scenarios and leakage caliber values
Figure BDA0002369190490000062
According to the calculation content of the leakage amount in accident investigation and analysis technology (second edition) 6.2.1.2: if the crack of the normal pressure vertical storage tank, which leaks, is regular, the shape of the crack is circular, polygonal, triangular or rectangular. Coefficient of liquid leakage C0The values are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 liquid leakage coefficient C0
Figure BDA0002369190490000063
(II) establishing pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of liquid ammonia horizontal tankmModel (model)
The method comprises the following steps: establishing real-time pressure P model in pure liquid leakage tank of liquid ammonia horizontal tank
The mass flow rate of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank mainly changes along with the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the tank, and the change of the state of the substances in the tank obeys an ideal gas state equation:
PnV0＝n0RT (1)；
P[V0+A1(h0-h)]＝(n0+Δn)RT (2)；
the material in the jar mainly leads to the phase change because of the gas-liquid phase district pressure differential balance of the interior continuation of jar, does not have chemical reaction, allies oneself with vertical (1) and formula (2), obtains the interior real-time pressure P model of liquid ammonia horizontal tank pure liquid leakage jar:
Figure BDA0002369190490000064
wherein, PnInitial tank pressure, i.e. storage pressure, Pa; v0Is the initial gas volume in the tank, m3；n0Is the amount of the initial gas substance in the tank, mol; r is an ideal gas constant, 8.314J/(mol.K); t is the temperature of the medium in the tank, K; p is the real-time pressure in the tank, Pa; a. the1Is the area of the liquid surface, m2；h0Is the initial liquid level height m in the tank; h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m; Δ n is the amount of gas species added, mol, within the tank.
Step two: establishing liquid level area A of liquid ammonia horizontal tank at any time of leakage1Model (model)
The liquid ammonia horizontal tank can be regarded as the middle part with the section radius of r and the length of L1The two ends of the cylinder are hemispheres with the radius of r, so the liquid level area A at any time in the tank1Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002369190490000071
Figure BDA0002369190490000072
the combined vertical type (4) and (5) are used for obtaining the liquid surface area A of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank at any time when the liquid ammonia horizontal tank leaks1Model:
Figure BDA0002369190490000073
wherein L is1The length of the middle cylinder of the horizontal tank is m; r is the radius of the vertical section of the storage tank, m; h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m; l is the length of the horizontal tank, m.
Step three: establishing pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of liquid ammonia horizontal tankmModel (model)
When liquid flows out through the holes or cracks of the storage tank, the classic model of the instantaneous mass flow rate is as follows:
Figure BDA0002369190490000074
setting the height of a leakage port from the bottom of the storage tank to be h1The height h of the liquid level above the leakage portLComprises the following steps:
hL＝h-h1(8)；
the combined vertical type (3), (6), (7) and (8) obtain the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmModel:
Figure BDA0002369190490000075
wherein Q ismIs the liquid leakage mass flow rate, kg/s; rho is the liquid density, kg/m3(ii) a A is the area of the leakage opening, m2；C0Is the liquid leakage coefficient; p is the real-time pressure in the tank, Pa; p0Is ambient pressure, Pa; g is the acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s2；hLThe height of the liquid level above the leakage port is m; h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m; h is1The height between the leakage port and the bottom of the storage tank is m; pnInitial tank pressure, i.e. storage pressure, Pa; v0Is the initial gas volume in the tank, m3(ii) a L is the length of the horizontal tank, m; r is the radius of the vertical section of the storage tank, m; h is0Is the initial liquid level in the tank, m.
For determining pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of horizontal tankmIn relation to the Reynolds number Re as a function of the height h of the liquid level in the vessel>100 circular center hole, initial liquid level h in the tank0The height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1When the liquid level h in the tanks of examples 1 to 10 was determined, the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage from the horizontal tank of liquid ammonia was calculated by setting the liquid level h to different valuesmAnd counting and drawing the calculation results.
Example 1
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 1.28 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝13.9986kg/s。
Example 2
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 1.20 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝12.3975kg/s。
Example 3
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 1.12 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝11.1502kg/s。
Example 4
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 1.04 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝10.1676kg/s。
Example 5
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 0.96 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝9.3835kg/s。
Example 6
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 0.88 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝8.7514kg/s。
Example 7
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 0.80 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝8.2391kg/s。
Example 8
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Gravity forceAcceleration g is 9.8m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 0.72 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝7.8243kg/s。
Example 9
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 0.64 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝7.4925kg/s。
Example 10
Liquid density ρ 0.602824 × 103kg/m3；
Leakage opening area A is 0.0004909m2；
Coefficient of liquid leakage C0＝0.65；
Ambient pressure P0＝0.1×106Pa；
Acceleration of gravity g-9.8 m/s2；
The height h of the liquid level in the tank is 0.56 m;
the height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1＝0.5m；
Initial tank pressure Pn＝1.65×106Pa；
Initial gas volume V in tank0＝3m3；
The length L of the horizontal tank is 6.74 m;
the radius r of the vertical section of the storage tank is 0.85 m;
initial liquid level h in the tank0＝1.28m；
Substituting the data into the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmIn the model, get Qm＝7.2349kg/s。
The calculated values for the leak port conditions and the pure liquid leak mass flow rates of examples 1-10 were counted and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Mass flow Rate Q of pure liquid leakage for inventive examples 1-10mCalculation results
Figure BDA0002369190490000121
Figure BDA0002369190490000131
The liquid level h in the tank during leakage is taken as the abscissa, and the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate QmOn the ordinate, the height h of the liquid level in the tank at the time of leakage and the corresponding mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage according to examples 1 to 10mTracing to obtain the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmFIG. 1 shows a graph relating the liquid level h in the tank to the leakage.
As can be seen from Table 4 and FIG. 1, the initial liquid level h in the tank0The height h between the leakage opening and the bottom of the storage tank1After the shape and the aperture of the leakage port are determined, the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe liquid level in the tank is reduced along with the reduction of the liquid level h in the tank, the reduction range is gradually reduced, and the liquid level h in the tank is equal to the initial liquid level h just at the beginning of leakage0While, the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe maximum value was 13.9986 kg/s. Therefore, the value Qm(max)I.e. the maximum mass flow rate of the leaking liquid.
For leaks of other shapes and apertures, the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage from the horizontal tank can be determined according to the methodmThe relation of the change of the liquid level h in the tank.
Quickly and accurately determining the leakage mass flow rate Q of pure liquid in a horizontal tank according to the height h of the liquid level in the tankmAnd the change trend of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank pure liquid state continuous leakage accident quantitative risk assessment can provide effective theoretical calculation reference data, and meanwhile, effective reference can be provided for accident emergency treatment, an accident emergency treatment scheme is scientifically formulated, and the accident loss and the casualties are reduced to the maximum extent.

Claims (3)

1. Pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe calculation model is characterized in that when the storage tank body leaks, the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid in the horizontal liquid ammonia tank at any time can be quickly calculated through the height h of the liquid level in the tankmThe mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe model is as follows:
Figure FDA0002369190480000011
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Qmis the liquid leakage mass flow rate, kg/s;
rho is the liquid density, kg/m3；
A is the area of the leakage opening, m2；
C0Is prepared from liquidA body leakage coefficient;
Pninitial tank pressure, i.e. storage pressure, Pa;
V0is the initial gas volume in the tank, m3；
L is the length of the horizontal tank, m;
r is the radius of the vertical section of the storage tank, m;
h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m;
h0is the initial liquid level height m in the tank;
P0is ambient pressure, Pa;
g is the acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s2；
h1The height of the leakage port from the bottom of the storage tank is m.
2. Pure liquid ammonia horizontal tank based pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q according to claim 1mA calculation model, characterized in that the mass flow rate Q of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmThe model building method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing real-time pressure P model in pure liquid leakage tank of liquid ammonia horizontal tank
The mass flow rate of pure liquid leakage of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank mainly changes along with the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the tank, and the change of the state of the substances in the tank obeys an ideal gas state equation:
PnV0＝n0RT (1)；
P[V0+A1(h0-h)]＝(n0+Δn)RT (2)；
the material in the jar mainly leads to the phase change because of the gas-liquid phase district pressure differential balance of the interior continuation of jar, does not have chemical reaction, allies oneself with vertical (1) and formula (2), obtains the interior real-time pressure P model of liquid ammonia horizontal tank pure liquid leakage jar:
Figure FDA0002369190480000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Pninitial tank pressure, i.e. storage pressure, Pa;
V0is the initial gas volume in the tank, m3；
n0Is the amount of the initial gas substance in the tank, mol;
r is an ideal gas constant, 8.314J/(mol.K);
t is the temperature of the medium in the tank, K;
p is the real-time pressure in the tank, Pa;
A1is the area of the liquid surface, m2；
h0Is the initial liquid level height m in the tank;
h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m;
Δ n is the amount of gas species added in the tank, mol;
step two: establishing liquid level area A of liquid ammonia horizontal tank at any time of leakage1Model (model)
The liquid ammonia horizontal tank is regarded as the middle and has the section radius of r and the length of L1The two ends of the cylinder are hemispheres with the radius of r, so the liquid level area A at any time in the tank1Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002369190480000022
Figure FDA0002369190480000023
the combined vertical type (4) and (5) are used for obtaining the liquid surface area A of the liquid ammonia horizontal tank at any time when the liquid ammonia horizontal tank leaks1Model:
Figure FDA0002369190480000024
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
L1the length of the middle cylinder of the horizontal tank is m;
r is the radius of the vertical section of the storage tank, m;
h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m;
l is the length of the horizontal tank, m;
step three: establishing pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of liquid ammonia horizontal tankmModel (model)
When liquid flows out through the holes or cracks of the storage tank, the classic model of the instantaneous mass flow rate is as follows:
Figure FDA0002369190480000025
setting the height of a leakage port from the bottom of the storage tank to be h1The height h of the liquid level above the leakage portLComprises the following steps:
hL＝h-h1(8)；
the combined vertical type (3), (6), (7) and (8) obtain the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q of the liquid ammonia horizontal tankmModel:
Figure FDA0002369190480000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Qmis the liquid leakage mass flow rate, kg/s;
rho is the liquid density, kg/m3；
A is the area of the leakage opening, m2；
C0Is the liquid leakage coefficient;
p is the real-time pressure in the tank, Pa;
P0is ambient pressure, Pa;
g is the acceleration of gravity, 9.8m/s2；
hLThe height of the liquid level above the leakage port is m;
h is the height of the liquid level in the tank, m;
h1the height between the leakage port and the bottom of the storage tank is m;
Pninitial tank pressure, i.e. storage pressure, Pa;
V0is the initial gas volume in the tank, m3；
L is the length of the horizontal tank, m;
r is the radius of the vertical section of the storage tank, m;
h0is the initial liquid level in the tank, m.
3. Pure liquid ammonia horizontal tank based pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q according to claim 1mA calculation model, characterized in that when the tank body leaks, the pure liquid leakage mass flow rate QmThe liquid level h in the tank is reduced along with the reduction of the liquid level h in the tank, the reduction range is gradually slowed down, and the leakage initial moment Q ismThe value is maximum; when the leakage of the storage tank body is about to end, namely the horizontal liquid level in the storage tank is lowered to the position of the leakage port, Q at the momentmInfinity 0kg/s until the liquid level in the tank is lower than the height of the leakage port, and QmThe leakage stopped at 0 kg/s.
CN202010045371.7A 2020-01-16 2020-01-16 Pure liquid leakage mass flow rate Q based on liquid ammonia horizontal tankmCalculation model Pending CN111207803A (en)

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CN116857554A (en) * 2023-07-04 2023-10-10 常熟理工学院 Liquefied hydrocarbon storage tank leakage positioning method, emergency disposal method and device

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CN114021864A (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-02-08 中国地质大学（武汉） Method for identifying major risks and evaluating real-time dynamic risks of ammonia-related refrigeration enterprises
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