CN109030269A - Wide temperature controlled atmosphere original position ball disk frictional testing machine - Google Patents

Wide temperature controlled atmosphere original position ball disk frictional testing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109030269A
CN109030269A CN201811054817.1A CN201811054817A CN109030269A CN 109030269 A CN109030269 A CN 109030269A CN 201811054817 A CN201811054817 A CN 201811054817A CN 109030269 A CN109030269 A CN 109030269A
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China
Prior art keywords
spring
testing machine
original position
controlled atmosphere
outer layer
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CN201811054817.1A
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CN109030269B (en
Inventor
李志伟
张尔卿
鲍禄强
陈万华
祝长江
雍青松
赖欢
乐然
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MECHANIAL RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE SICHUAN
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MECHANIAL RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE SICHUAN
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0236Other environments
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0244Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machines of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine, including heat preservation outer layer, cold heat medium container, thermal manager, spring charging device, weight member, power device, in situ detection mechanism;Cold heat medium container is connected with extraneous cold and hot matchmaker by fluid column valve and is connected at the top of upper part and heat preservation outer layer, and thermal manager is set to the bottom of cold heat medium container, and test specimens block is connected with thermal manager bottom;Power device is set to heat preservation outer bottom and is located at the lower section of test specimens block, and weight member and spring charging device are symmetrically disposed on the upper surface of power device;It keeps the temperature and is additionally provided with vacuum meter and atmosphere conduit on the side wall of outer layer;In situ detection mechanism is set to the in situ detection that test specimens block is used in heat preservation outer layer.The testing machine is tested under the conditions of can carrying out vacuum, wide temperature and special atmosphere combinational environment, and the performance characteristics such as unique in situ detection.

Description

Wide temperature controlled atmosphere original position ball disk frictional testing machine
Technical field
The invention belongs to frictional wear test device technical fields, and in particular to a kind of width warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk rubs Wipe abrasion tester.
Background technique
Fretting wear is one of three kinds of dominant failure modes of material, is studied in mechanical engineering structure and reliability design In key point, and the friction test period is long, and influence factor is more, parameter is not easy to control, and it also requires simulation actual condition ring Border, the friction test under extreme condition are more difficult.Frictional testing machine generally all surrounds high vacuum, high temperature and controllable gas both at home and abroad at present Atmosphere, and the frictional testing machine of the rare research material performance under wide temperature environment.It is directly exposed to the heavy-duty machinery to work in environment Design of Transmission System is unprecedented at home, and can be realized unshielded transmission under the conditions of wide temperature to wide warm mechanical and space Machinery etc. is significant, because this not only can simplify the design and manufacture difficulty of transmission system itself, can also significantly expand The ambient temperature range that machinery can work.It is further appreciated that under space vacuum environmental condition, due to lacking corresponding test Data supporting so the equipment movings such as lunar rover, satellite mechanism is at low ambient temperatures all by the way of suspend mode, or passes through heat Management make mechanism work in room temperature range, do not accomplish directly to work under the conditions of no heat management system, so be used only on by To restriction, heat management system also improves energy consumption, reduces service life.Therefore, exploitation is corresponding adapts to extreme condition and energy The enough friction test equipment for carrying out frictional wear experiment under the conditions of a variety of extraordinary simultaneously and technology are very necessary.
Simultaneously, if it is desired to which the tribological property of evaluation material comprehensively is then required to the experimental facilities of multi-functional fusion, i.e., Same equipment can carry out the simulation of multi-motion type, operating condition.And existing friction wear testing machine is generally only capable of making single work The frictional wear experiment of condition, and testing machine offline metrology data is dismounted after experiment every time, it not only will increase the cumbersome of experimental work Property, certain influence can be also generated to experimental result.Therefore, exploitation is realized by situ detection in the premise for not dismounting testing machine The testing machine of the lower frictional wear experiment for completing different operating conditions is significantly.
In addition, the motion mode of main component is grinding tool in the system structure design of traditional friction wear testing machine Static, test piece rotation, such structure have some limitations, and can not such as carry out the original position of test piece well Detection is not easy to carry out the workpiece of rotation the control of temperature, while being not easy to realize that being equipped with particular/special requirement to workpiece installation position rubs Wipe wear test.Therefore, if can will rub under the premise of utmostly reducing influence of the rotary centrifugal force to experimental result The structure of abrasion tester is designed as that workpiece is static, grinding tool rotation is meaningful.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address the above problems, provide a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction-wear test Machine, the testing machine are the loading system of movement mechanism with high performance and precision a kind of, high-precision TT&C system and quickly Data processing system, vacuum, wide warm (473K -90K, vacuum degree < 1 × 10 can be carried out-3Pa, pressure < 5 × 105Pa) and special It is tested under more special environment compound conditions under different atmosphere, and the friction-wear test also with performance characteristics such as in situ detections Machine.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction mill Damage testing machine, including heat preservation outer layer, cold heat medium container, thermal manager, spring charging device, weight member, power device, original position Testing agency;
The cold heat medium container is connected by fluid column valve with extraneous cold and hot matchmaker and the top phase of upper part and heat preservation outer layer Connection, the thermal manager are set to the bottom of cold heat medium container, and test specimens block is connected with thermal manager bottom;The power Device is set to heat preservation outer bottom and is located at the lower section of test specimens block, and the weight member and spring charging device are symmetrical arranged In the upper surface of power device;
Vacuum meter and atmosphere conduit are additionally provided on the side wall of the heat preservation outer layer;
The in situ detection mechanism is set to the in situ detection that test specimens block is used in heat preservation outer layer.
Preferably, the spring dress loading device includes steel ball, spring guide sleeve, spring, the spring connecting with spring Pedestal, spring pedestal mechanism, load cell;The spring pedestal mechanism is lever mechanism or guiding rail mechanism, with bullet Spring pedestal is fixedly connected;The spring is set in spring guide sleeve, and the steel ball is fixed on above spring guide sleeve, institute Load cell is stated to be set in spring pedestal mechanism.
Preferably, the lever mechanism includes lever and lever mount fulcrum, and the lever is connected with spring pedestal, institute Stating load cell is three, is respectively placed in lever side, at lever mount fulcrum and at spring pedestal.
Preferably, the guiding rail mechanism includes guide rail, sliding block, and the sliding block is connected with spring pedestal, the survey Force snesor is set to sliding block side.
Preferably, the power device includes the rotating disk set gradually from top to bottom, torque motor, lifting device, institute State power device further include be set to rotating disk, torque motor, lifting device periphery motor protecting cover.
Preferably, the in situ detection mechanism includes mechanical arm and the image acquisition component that is set on mechanical arm.
Preferably, described image acquisition component is mini microscope, camera or video camera.
Preferably, gas-tight container is equipped in the heat preservation outer layer.
Preferably, the cold heat medium container uses heat exchanger form, and the working principle of the thermal manager is that electricity adds Heat.
Preferably, the control atmosphere conduit is two, is placed in heat preservation outer layer two sides.
Wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine provided by the invention has the advantages that
One, this testing machine can be carried out and test under more special environment compound conditions under vacuum, wide warm and special atmosphere, carry out Good wide temperature and vacuum environment are built and are controlled, and adapt to operating temperature in [473K, 90K], vacuum degree < 1 × 10-3Pa, pressure <5×105Under the conditions of Pa, inside can inflated with nitrogen, air and other mist test gases, while can also be from main regulation thermal manager The surface temperature of Control experiment sample;
Two, this testing machine system structure design scheme that static, grinding tool rotates using sample, it is quiet compared to traditional grinding tool Only, for sample rotation testing machine, sample in situ detection can be better achieved and be easier to using the wide warm condition of heat transfer control It realizes, while can quickly and conveniently realize the special mounting position of workpiece;
Three, this testing machine uses spring loads and adjusts pressure mode, and using on lever mechanism or guiding rail mechanism High-precision TT&C system and quick data processing system, measurement grinding tool and sample room stress condition and friction value.
Four, this testing machine can (mini microscope, be taken the photograph camera by the image acquisition component that is installed on mechanical arm Camera etc.) carry out test specimen in situ detection, it is simple and convenient.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial structurtes enlarged diagram in Fig. 1 of the present invention at A;
Fig. 3 is guiding rail mechanism structural schematic diagram in the present invention.
Description of symbols: 1, fluid column valve;2, cold heat medium container;3, thermal manager;4, test specimen;5, steel ball; 6, Spring guide sleeve;7, spring;8, spring pedestal mechanism;9, rotating disk;10, torque motor;11, lifting device;12, counterweight Component;13, motor protecting cover;14, load cell;15, mechanical arm;16, image acquisition component;17, vacuum meter;18, gas Atmosphere conduit;19, outer layer is kept the temperature;20, guide rail;21, sliding block;22, spring pedestal.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments The present invention is described further.It should be pointed out that the direction term mentioned in following embodiment, sequence term, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc. are only the directions with reference to attached drawing, therefore, the direction term used be for Explanation is not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, width warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine of the invention, including heat preservation outer layer 19, Cold heat medium container 2, thermal manager 3, spring charging device, weight member 12, power device, in situ detection mechanism, vacuum meter 17 And control atmosphere conduit 18.
The side wall for keeping the temperature outer layer 19 is equipped with vacuum meter 17 and atmosphere conduit 18, in the present embodiment, atmosphere conduit 18 Quantity be two, be respectively placed in heat preservation outer layer 19 left side wall top and right side wall lower part.It is outer that vacuum meter 17 is installed on heat preservation The right side wall top of layer 19.It is preferably provided with gas-tight container in heat preservation outer layer 19, vacuum or can both be pressurizeed.Atmosphere conduit 18 can It is passed through nitrogen, air and other inert gases.
Cold heat medium container 2 is connected by fluid column valve 1 with extraneous cold and hot matchmaker, and upper part is connected with the top of heat preservation outer layer 19 It connects.Thermal manager 3 is set to the bottom of cold heat medium container 2.Test specimens block 4 is connected with 3 bottom of thermal manager, test specimens block 4 It is connected by thermal manager 3 with cold and hot matchmaker.Cold heat medium container 2 preferably uses the form of heat exchanger.The work of thermal manager 3 Making principle is electric heating to control the temperature between cold heat medium container 2 and test specimens block 4.Test specimens block 4 can be horizontally arranged, can also It is inclined at an angle placement;For realizing under spring loads when certain angle slant setting, measured in an experimentation The range of continuous loading force, and the phase of the power loading position of test specimens block and loading force corresponds.
Power device is set to heat preservation 19 bottom of outer layer and is located at the lower section of test specimens block 4.In the present embodiment, power fills Rotating disk 9, torque motor 10, lifting device 11 and motor protecting cover 13 including setting gradually from top to bottom are set, motor is protected The periphery of rotating disk 9, torque motor 10, lifting device 11 is arranged in shield 13.
Weight member 12 and spring charging device are symmetrical set in the upper surface of rotating disk 9.Spring fills loading device Including steel ball 5, spring guide sleeve 6, spring 7, the spring pedestal being connect with spring, spring pedestal mechanism 8, load cell 14.Spring 7 is set in spring guide sleeve 6, and steel ball 5 is fixed on 6 top of spring guide sleeve, and load cell 14 is arranged In spring pedestal mechanism 8.
Spring pedestal mechanism 8 can be lever mechanism or guiding rail mechanism.As shown in Fig. 2, lever mechanism includes lever With lever mount fulcrum, it is connected on the right side of spring pedestal 22 and lever.In the present embodiment, load cell 14 is three, point It is not placed on the left of lever, at lever mount fulcrum and at spring pedestal.As shown in figure 3, guiding rail mechanism includes guide rail 20, sliding block 21, sliding block 21 are connected with spring pedestal 22, and load cell 14 is set on the left of sliding block.
In situ detection mechanism is set in heat preservation outer layer 19, the in situ detection for test specimens block 4.In situ detection mechanism packet Include mechanical arm 15 and image acquisition component 16.Image acquisition component 16 is set on mechanical arm 15, can be used but unlimited In one of mini microscope, camera or video camera.In situ detection mechanism may be implemented without opening testing machine even nothing To the detection of the features such as frictional force, loading force, pressure, friction velocity and displacement, acoustic emission signal in the case where need to shutting down, simultaneously Sample different location abrasion condition is observed around testing machine by the microscope being placed on rotating disc.
Working process and principle of the invention are described in detail below, further to show advantages of the present invention:
In the present embodiment, it as shown in Figure 1, extraneous cold and hot matchmaker is added in cold heat medium container 2 by fluid column valve 1, utilizes Heat-conduction principle cools down to test specimens block 4 by thermal manager 3.Compressed spring coefficient of elasticity curve is loaded to be surveyed with measurements of springs machine It is fixed, the decrement that setting load needs is calculated with fitting formula, setting load is calculated according to hertz stress, protected using being set to The lifting device 11 of warm 19 bottom of outer layer controls the decrement of spring, and then applies to the steel ball 5 being fixed on spring guide sleeve 6 Add the active force to test specimens block 4.Meanwhile steel ball 5 makees phase by the rotating disk 9 driven below spring pedestal by torque motor 10 Rotary motion for test specimens block 4, and weight member 12 is placed at the symmetrical place of 9 upper spring loading device of rotating disk with flat Generated centrifugal force when weighing apparatus rotary motion.
If 4 slant setting of test specimens block, due to adjusting pressure mode, the rotation of steel ball 5 at this time using spring loads Motion process corresponds to the variation of phase to the loading position of test specimens block 4, each phase correspond to set it is corresponding The variation with pressure, test sample block can be obtained in once experiment 0 ° of the operation interval of rotary motion one~180 ° in pressure The situation of change of 4 tribological properties, without doing many experiments.
Testing machine can be passed through nitrogen, air and other inert gases by atmosphere conduit 18, while vacuum meter 17 can be by reality Testing condition setting is vacuum state, and then can be realized under the conditions of extreme condition, a variety of extraordinary while carrying out fretting wear reality It tests, to study the Frotteurism that mechanism works under certain particular surroundings.Meanwhile if every time experiment after need dismounting testing machine with The tribological property of test specimens block 4 is researched and analysed, then need to be passed through again corresponding gas, cumbersome and meeting after each dismounting Cause the inaccuracy of experimental result.Therefore it may be implemented using in situ detection mechanism without dismounting testing machine even without shutdown In the case of frictional force, loading force, pressure, friction velocity and displacement to the experiment of test specimens block 4 front and back, the features such as acoustic emission signal Real-time observation, and in situ detection mechanism is placed in and can be can be realized on the rotating disc that testing machine rotates a circle to test specimens block The detection of 4 any positions.
In the spring pedestal mechanism 8 of spring charging device, when using lever mechanism, on the left of lever to pedestal fulcrum away from From and 5 center of steel ball to 7 pedestal of spring with a distance from be respectively two known torque arm lengths, 8 left side of spring pedestal mechanism and The difference of two 14 numerical value of load cell of pedestal fulcrum be perpendicular to resultant force suffered by an arm of force direction, be according to lever principle It is frictional force that the power perpendicular to another arm of force direction that steel ball 5 is generated when moving on test specimens block 4, which can be found out,.Meanwhile this Guiding rail mechanism can also be used in the spring pedestal mechanism 8 of spring charging device, and in frictional wear experiment, dynamometry is passed on sliding block The numerical value of sensor 14 is steel ball 5 and test specimens block 4 generated frictional force during exercise.
Wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine provided by the invention, it is characterized in that being able to achieve in wide temperature And frictional wear experiment is carried out under the environmental condition of multiple atmosphere, the in situ detection to test sample block is able to carry out in experiment. And corresponding contact pressure and frictional force can be derived that quick Data Processing System Design by high-precision TT&C system. Grinding tool is static in traditional friction wear testing machine before the present invention also breaches, natural mode of workpiece rotation, by system knot Structure innovation is set as the mode that grinding tool rotates, workpiece is static, realizes better in situ detection, heat transfer control and special workpiece The installation of position.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field Those of ordinary skill disclosed the technical disclosures can make according to the present invention and various not depart from the other each of essence of the invention The specific variations and combinations of kind, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine, it is characterised in that: including heat preservation outer layer (19), cold and hot Matchmaker's container (2), thermal manager (3), spring charging device, weight member (12), power device, in situ detection mechanism;
The cold heat medium container (2) be connected by fluid column valve (1) with extraneous cold and hot matchmaker and upper part with keep the temperature outer layer (19) Top is connected, and the thermal manager (3) is set to the bottom of cold heat medium container (2), test specimens block (4) and thermal manager (3) Bottom is connected;The power device is set to heat preservation outer layer (19) bottom and is located at the lower section of test specimens block (4), the counterweight Component (12) and spring charging device are symmetrically disposed on the upper surface of power device;
Vacuum meter (17) and atmosphere conduit (18) are additionally provided on the side wall of heat preservation outer layer (19);
The in situ detection mechanism is set to the in situ detection that test specimens block (4) are used in heat preservation outer layer (19).
2. a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute Stating spring dress loading device includes steel ball (5), spring guide sleeve (6), spring (7), the spring pedestal connecting with spring, spring Base mechanism (8), load cell (14);The spring pedestal mechanism (8) is lever mechanism or guiding rail mechanism, with bullet Spring pedestal is fixedly connected;The spring (7) is set in spring guide sleeve (6), and the steel ball (5) is fixed on spring fairlead Above cylinder (6), the load cell (14) is set on spring pedestal mechanism (8).
3. a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute Stating lever mechanism includes lever and lever mount fulcrum, and the lever is connected with spring pedestal (22), the load cell (14) it is three, is respectively placed in lever side, at lever mount fulcrum and at spring pedestal.
4. a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: institute Stating guiding rail mechanism includes guide rail (20), sliding block (21), and the sliding block (21) is connected with spring pedestal (22), the dynamometry Sensor (14) is set to sliding block side.
5. a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute Stating power device includes the rotating disk (9) set gradually from top to bottom, torque motor (10), lifting device (11), the power Device further include be set to rotating disk (9), torque motor (10), lifting device (11) periphery motor protecting cover (13).
6. a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute Stating in situ detection mechanism includes mechanical arm (15) and the image acquisition component (16) being set on mechanical arm (15).
7. a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute Stating image acquisition component (16) is mini microscope, camera or video camera.
8. -7 any a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, feature It is: is equipped with gas-tight container in the heat preservation outer layer (10).
9. -7 any a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, feature Be: the cold heat medium container (2) uses heat exchanger form, and the working principle of the thermal manager (3) is electric heating.
10. -7 any a kind of wide warm controlled atmosphere original position ball disk friction wear testing machine according to claim 1, feature Be: atmosphere conduit (18) quantity is two, is placed in heat preservation outer layer (19) two sides.
CN201811054817.1A 2018-09-11 2018-09-11 Wide temperature controllable atmosphere in-situ ball disc friction and wear testing machine Active CN109030269B (en)

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