CN109029932A - A kind of unified full filed ray tracing method of refraction-reflection type telescopic system - Google Patents
A kind of unified full filed ray tracing method of refraction-reflection type telescopic system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of unified full filed ray tracing method of refraction-reflection type telescopic system, belong to optical system polarization characteristic analysis technical field, to solve the problems, such as that existing single ray tracking method can not carry out thoroughly evaluating to system under the conditions of partial poolarized light, comprising the following steps: establish optical system refraction and reflection Muller matrix model；It reads master data: being connect MATLAB with ZEMAX by dynamic data connection mechanism, read the bore of refracting-reflecting telescope in ZEMAX, field angle, the refractive index base values of lens；It chooses light visual field: by the boundary of bore and visual field, being divided into n-layer, every layer is divided into m sampled point, and selects in one of visual field deposit ZEMAX；Pupil coordinate is set；Calculate Muller matrix；Change pupil coordinate；Field rays are changed, until all visual field sampled points all calculate completion；Finally, the emergent light Stokes vector and degree of polarization of the unified light of the full filed for obtaining optical system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical system polarization characteristic analysis technical fields, and in particular to a kind of refraction-reflection type telescopic system it is complete
Bore full filed ray tracing method.
Background technique
With the continuous development of space technology, traceable extraterrestrial target has reached more than 18000.Wherein, have 4763
A extraterrestrial target is in-orbit spacecraft, remaining is space junk.Space junk seriously threatens the safety of in-orbit space flight, they
It is directly changed spacecraft surface property with spacecraft impact energy, leads to Space Vehicle System failure.It needs to carry out satellite and fragment
In-orbit detection and identification.Conventional strength or spectrographic detection means are interfered vulnerable to cosmic radiation, and detection recognition effect is bad.Polarization
There is apparent advantage in Space Object Detection and identification, the ratio that polarised light seizes total light intensity is generally indicated with degree of polarization,
The conditions such as degree of polarization and target materials and observation angle are closely bound up, can pass through the extraterrestrial target polarization degree information of acquisition, inverting
Target materials, in conjunction with feature of interest and posture, the final identification realized to extraterrestrial target.In addition, filtering out back using polarization
Scape veiling glare influences, and improves target acquisition contrast.
Since optical system itself can generate Polarization aberration, to can all change obtained by detection in the transmission and reflection of light
Degree of polarization, seriously affect the polarization imaging precision of system, cause a deviation to the inverting of extraterrestrial target identification.Optical system polarization
The analysis of effect is of great significance with calibration to Polarization Detection precision is improved.Kingdom's acute hearing et al. is based on Jones vector to adaptive
Telescopic system is analyzed, but the method for its ray tracing carries out light calculating only for the single position by Geometrical Optics,
Only using the ray tracing result of these single positions as the evaluation criterion to optical system polarization imaging, it may appear that evaluation is not complete
The case where face.
Summary of the invention
The present invention can not carry out full system under the conditions of partial poolarized light to solve existing single ray tracking method
The problem of face is evaluated, proposes a kind of unified ray tracing method of the full filed of refraction-reflection type telescopic system.This method avoid
Traditional single ray trace contingency can intuitively analyze influence of the system to polarised light, be inverting target materials, realize
Space object identification provides the foundation.It also is the polarization analysis of refraction-reflection type rotational symmetry optical system, polarization calibration provides thinking.
The technical solution of present invention solution technical problem:
A kind of ray tracing method that the full filed of refraction-reflection type telescopic system is unified, characterized in that this method include with
Lower step:
Step 1 establishes optical system refraction and reflection Muller matrix model, when incident light isWhen, linearly polarized light n
The Muller matrix of secondary refraction are as follows:
In formula, θ1For incidence angle, θ2For refraction angle, a=θ1-θ2, b=θ1+θ2；
The Muller matrix of linearly polarized light m secondary reflection are as follows:
Wherein, rpAnd rsRespectively metal surface is respectively defined as the reflection coefficient of the p and s component of incident light
When incident light isWhen, the Muller matrix of linearly polarized light n times refraction are as follows:
The Muller matrix of linearly polarized light m secondary reflection are as follows:
Step 2 reads master data: being connect MATLAB with ZEMAX by dynamic data connection mechanism, reads ZEMAX
The bore of middle refracting-reflecting telescope, field angle, the refractive index base values of lens；
Step 3 chooses light visual field: by the boundary of bore and visual field, being divided into n-layer, every layer is divided into m
Sampled point, and select to make to only exist this visual field in ZEMAX at this time in one of visual field deposit ZEMAX；
Pupil coordinate is arranged: in the immovable situation of visual field, according to certain rule selected point pupil coordinate in step 4
Point in sampled point, control ZEMAX carry out single ray trace under the visual field of step 3 automatically；
Step 5 calculates Muller matrix: reading the refraction angle transmitted each time in single ray trace and each secondary reflection
Angle of reflection, and will angle-data return MATLAB in, utilize step 1 establish optical system refraction with reflection Muller matrix
Model calculates system Muller matrix at this time, by the relationship of Muller matrix and incident light Stokes vector, acquires emergent light
Stokes vector and degree of polarization；
Step 6 changes pupil coordinate: after the completion of calculating, circulation step four to six only replaces pupil coordinate, to new pupil
Light under coordinate carries out ray tracing；The ray tracing of whole pupil coordinates under same visual field is obtained as a result, according to the folded of wave
Add principle, obtains the degree of polarization and storage under the entire bore of single visual field；
Step 7 changes field rays: other visual fields under switching visual field sampled point, circulation step three to seven are successively chosen
Other visual fields carry out ray tracing in sampled point, until all visual field sampled points all calculate completion；Finally, obtaining optical system
The emergent light Stokes vector and degree of polarization of the unified light of full filed.
The invention has the benefit that
1, compared with traditional method, single ray tracking method can not accurately grasp entire optical system to light comprehensively
The influence of degree of polarization, full filed, unified ray tracing method sample entire visual field and pupil, avoid to the maximum extent
Contingency caused by single ray trace, shadow of the optical system to degree of polarization when can be used for analyzing any incident light polarization degree
It rings, the calibration of auxiliary system degree of polarization.
2, it considers incident light representation method, states a variety of polarised lights as far as possible, and traditional ray tracing method selects fine jade
This vector representation can only state complete polarized light.The present invention selects Stokes vector in calculating to state polarization
Light, influence of the system to polarised light are indicated with Muller matrix.So that the present invention can be used for partial poolarized light and complete polarized light.
3, by obtaining the degree of polarization of central vision and any visual field, full filed, unified outgoing can be matched
Polarization degree figure, to be finally inversed by incident light polarization degree, the conditions such as degree of polarization and target materials and observation angle are closely bound up, lead to
Cross acquisition incident light polarization degree, can inverting target materials, realize the identification to target in conjunction with feature of interest and posture.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of refraction-reflection type telescopic system structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of ray tracing method flow chart that the full filed of refraction-reflection type telescopic system is unified of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is emitted the relational graph of polarization degree and visual field when being present invention difference incident light, wherein (a) is incident light polarization
Degree is Pin=0.05；It (b) be incident light polarization degree is Pin=0.3.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates with reference to the accompanying drawing to the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of refraction-reflection type diameter telescopic system, which includes two-mirror reflection telescope 1, relays microscope group 2, is micro-
Chip arrays 3, detector 4 and computer 5 are polarized, incident polarized light is by two-mirror reflection telescope 1 primary apart from secondary mirror rear
Then imaging is imaged on the detector 4 combined with micro- polarization chip arrays 3 by relaying microscope group 2, is emitted by 5 Duis of computer
Light is analyzed.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of ray tracing method that the full filed of refraction-reflection type telescopic system is unified, including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1 establishes optical system refraction and reflection Muller matrix model:
According to classical reflected refraction Muller matrix formula, the Muller matrix of the different pupil locations under different visual fields is acquired,
The specific steps are that:
Wherein I indicates total light intensity；M indicates the difference of light intensity on 0 ° and 90 ° of two polarization directions；C indicates 45 ° and 135 ° two
The difference of a upward light intensity of folk prescription；S indicates left-handed and right-hand circular polarization light intensity difference.
When incident light is behind first face of optical element, the relationship between incident light and emergent light Stokes vector is available
One 4 × 4 Muller matrix characterizes, i.e.,
The each entrance optical element of light all can be expressed as M with Muller matrixi(i=1,2 ... n), passes through polarization member from light
Part n times outgoing Stokes vector be
The ratio of polarized portion light intensity and total light intensity is defined with degree of polarization in light beam:
It is by the Muller matrix that matrix relationship can must reflect light
In formula, θ1For incidence angle, θ2For refraction angle,a=θ1-θ2, b=θ1+θ2。
According to light wave in metal surface reflection theory, the Muller matrix of mirror-reflection is
Wherein, rpAnd rsRespectively metal surface is respectively defined as the reflection coefficient of the p and s component of incident light
Wherein, N, χ ' expression formula be respectively
In formula, n-i χ is the complex refractivity index of metal；I is imaginary unit；niFor the refractive index of incident medium, θiFor incidence angle.
To linearly polarized lightThere was only M in calculating11、M12、M21、M22It participates in calculating, M12=M21, M11=M22。
So can be by the Muller matrix abbreviation of lens in calculating
Linearly polarized light passes through the Muller matrix that n times reflect
N times refraction outgoing linearly polarized light degree of polarization be
Similarly pass through abbreviation, can obtain Muller matrix of the linearly polarized light through a mirror-reflection is
The Muller matrix that can derive linearly polarized light m secondary reflection is
The linearly polarized light degree of polarization of m secondary reflection is
Similarly, for 45 ° or 135 ° of linearly polarized lightsModeling process is as follows
Can be by the Muller matrix abbreviation of lens in calculating
Linearly polarized light passes through the Muller matrix that n times reflect
N times refraction outgoing linearly polarized light degree of polarization be
Similarly pass through abbreviation, can obtain Muller matrix of the linearly polarized light through a mirror-reflection is
The Muller matrix that can derive linearly polarized light m secondary reflection is
The linearly polarized light degree of polarization of m secondary reflection is
Step 2 reads master data: being connect MATLAB with ZEMAX by dynamic data connection mechanism, reads ZEMAX
The bore of middle refracting-reflecting telescope, field angle, the base values such as refractive index of lens.
Step 3 chooses light visual field: by the boundary of bore and visual field, being divided into n-layer, every layer is divided into m
Sampled point, and select to make to only exist this visual field in ZEMAX at this time in one of visual field deposit ZEMAX.
Pupil coordinate is arranged: in the immovable situation of visual field, according to certain rule selected point pupil coordinate in step 4
Point in sampled point, control ZEMAX carry out single ray trace under the visual field of step 3 automatically.
Step 5 calculates Muller matrix: reading the refraction angle transmitted each time in single ray trace and each secondary reflection
Angle of reflection, and will angle-data return MATLAB in, utilize step 1 establish optical system refraction with reflection Muller matrix
Model calculates system Muller matrix at this time, by the relationship of Muller matrix and incident light Stokes vector, acquires emergent light
Stokes vector and degree of polarization.
Step 6 changes pupil coordinate: after the completion of calculating, circulation step four to six only replaces pupil coordinate, to new pupil
Light under coordinate carries out ray tracing.The ray tracing of whole pupil coordinates under same visual field is obtained as a result, according to the folded of wave
Add principle, obtains the degree of polarization and storage under the entire bore of single visual field.
Step 7 changes field rays: other visual fields under switching visual field sampled point, circulation step three to seven are successively chosen
Other visual fields carry out ray tracing in sampled point, until all visual field sampled points all calculate completion.Finally, obtaining optical system
The emergent light Stokes vector and degree of polarization of the unified light of full filed.
Embodiment:
A kind of ray tracing method that the full filed of refraction-reflection type telescopic system is unified, comprising the following steps:
Step 1 establishes optical system refraction and reflection Muller matrix model:
Step 2 reads master data: being connect MATLAB with ZEMAX by dynamic data connection mechanism, reads ZEMAX
The bore 710mm of middle refracting-reflecting telescope, 0.083 ° of field angle, the lens index relayed in microscope group 2 is followed successively by 1.806；
1.692；1.673；1.923；1.618；1.697；
Step 3 chooses light visual field: by the boundary of bore and visual field, being divided into 9 layers, every layer is divided into 128
A sampled point, and select to make to only exist this visual field in ZEMAX at this time in one of visual field deposit ZEMAX.
Pupil coordinate is arranged: in the immovable situation of visual field, according to certain rule selected point pupil coordinate in step 4
Point in sampled point, control ZEMAX carry out single ray trace under the visual field of step 3 automatically.
Step 5 calculates Muller matrix: reading the refraction angle transmitted each time in single ray trace and each secondary reflection
Angle of reflection, and will angle-data return MATLAB in, utilize step 1 establish optical system refraction with reflection Muller matrix
Model calculates system Muller matrix at this time, by the relationship of Muller matrix and incident light Stokes vector, acquires emergent light
Stokes vector and degree of polarization.
Step 6 changes pupil coordinate: after the completion of calculating, circulation step four to six only replaces pupil coordinate, to new pupil
Light under coordinate carries out ray tracing.The ray tracing of whole pupil coordinates under same visual field is obtained as a result, according to the folded of wave
Add principle, obtains the degree of polarization and storage under the entire bore of single visual field.
Step 7 changes field rays: other visual fields under switching visual field sampled point, circulation step three to seven are successively chosen
Other visual fields carry out ray tracing in sampled point, until all visual field sampled points all calculate completion.Finally, obtaining the optical system
The unified outgoing polarization degree of full filed, as shown in figure 3, wherein (a) is incident light polarization degree when being Pin=0.05, outgoing
The relational graph of polarization degree and visual field when (b) to be incident light polarization degree be Pin=0.3, is emitted the relationship of polarization degree and visual field
Figure.
Using the visual field and degree of polarization relational graph of the optical system of the available different incident light polarization degrees of the above method,
Know the linearly polarized light degree of polarization P of any visual field of target surface and central visionout, the degree of polarization P of two o'clock can be passed throughoutShow that system is complete
It is inclined can be finally inversed by corresponding incident ray polarized light by the linearly polarized light degree of polarization figure of acquisition for full filed degree of polarization figure under bore
Vibration degree.
Compared to single ray tracking method, full filed, unified ray tracing method sample entire pupil, most
Contingency caused by single ray trace is avoided to limits, optical system pair when can be used for analyzing any incident light polarization degree
The influence of degree of polarization, the calibration of auxiliary system degree of polarization.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of ray tracing method that the full filed of refraction-reflection type telescopic system is unified, characterized in that this method includes following
Step:
Step 1 establishes optical system refraction and reflection Muller matrix model, when incident light isWhen, linearly polarized light n times folding
The Muller matrix penetrated are as follows:
In formula, θ1For incidence angle, θ2For refraction angle, a=θ1-θ2, b=θ1+θ2；
The Muller matrix of linearly polarized light m secondary reflection are as follows:
Wherein, rpAnd rsRespectively metal surface is respectively defined as the reflection coefficient of the p and s component of incident light
When incident light isWhen, the Muller matrix of linearly polarized light n times refraction are as follows:
The Muller matrix of linearly polarized light m secondary reflection are as follows:
Step 2 reads master data: being connect MATLAB with ZEMAX by dynamic data connection mechanism, reads in ZEMAX and rolls over
The bore of trans- telescope, field angle, the refractive index base values of lens；
Step 3 chooses light visual field: by the boundary of bore and visual field, being divided into n-layer, every layer is divided into m sampling
Point, and select to make to only exist this visual field in ZEMAX at this time in one of visual field deposit ZEMAX；
Pupil coordinate is arranged: in the immovable situation of visual field, according to the sampling of certain rule selected point pupil coordinate in step 4
Point in point, control ZEMAX carry out single ray trace under the visual field of step 3 automatically；
Step 5 calculates Muller matrix: the refraction angle transmitted each time in reading single ray trace is anti-with each secondary reflection
Firing angle, and angle-data is returned in MATLAB, the optical system refraction established using step 1 and reflection Muller matrix model
System Muller matrix at this time is calculated, by the relationship of Muller matrix and incident light Stokes vector, acquires this support of emergent light
Gram this vector and degree of polarization；
Step 6 changes pupil coordinate: after the completion of calculating, circulation step four to six only replaces pupil coordinate, to new pupil coordinate
Under light carry out ray tracing；The ray tracing of whole pupil coordinates under same visual field is obtained as a result, former according to the superposition of wave
Reason, obtains the degree of polarization and storage under the entire bore of single visual field；
Step 7 changes field rays: other visual fields under switching visual field sampled point, circulation step three to seven successively choose sampling
Other visual fields carry out ray tracing in point, until all visual field sampled points all calculate completion；Finally, obtaining the full view of optical system
The emergent light Stokes vector and degree of polarization of the unified light in field.
2. a kind of unified ray tracing method of the full filed of refraction-reflection type telescopic system according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the step 1 establishes optical system refraction and reflection Muller matrix model, according to classical reflected refraction Muller matrix
Formula acquires the Muller matrix of the different pupil locations under different visual fields, the specific steps are that:
Wherein I indicates total light intensity；M indicates the difference of light intensity on 0 ° and 90 ° of two polarization directions；45 ° and 135 ° two of C expression is partially
The difference of light intensity on direction；S indicates left-handed and right-hand circular polarization light intensity difference；
When incident light is behind first face of optical element, the relationship between incident light and emergent light Stokes vector can use one
4 × 4 Muller matrix characterizes, i.e.,
The each entrance optical element of light all can be expressed as M with Muller matrixi(i=1,2 ... n), passes through polarizer n times from light
The Stokes vector of outgoing is
The ratio of polarized portion light intensity and total light intensity is defined with degree of polarization in light beam:
It is by the Muller matrix that matrix relationship can must reflect light
In formula, θ1For incidence angle, θ2For refraction angle, a=θ1-θ2, b=θ1+θ2；
According to light wave in metal surface reflection theory, the Muller matrix of mirror-reflection is
Wherein, rpAnd rsRespectively metal surface is respectively defined as the reflection coefficient of the p and s component of incident light
Wherein, N, χ ' expression formula be respectively
In formula, n-i χ is the complex refractivity index of metal；I is imaginary unit；niFor the refractive index of incident medium, θiFor incidence angle；
To linearly polarized lightThere was only M in calculating11、M12、M21、M22It participates in calculating, M12=M21, M11=M22；
So can be by the Muller matrix abbreviation of lens in calculating
Linearly polarized light passes through the Muller matrix that n times reflect
N times refraction outgoing linearly polarized light degree of polarization be
Similarly pass through abbreviation, can obtain Muller matrix of the linearly polarized light through a mirror-reflection is
The Muller matrix that can derive linearly polarized light m secondary reflection is
The linearly polarized light degree of polarization of m secondary reflection is
Similarly, for 45 ° or 135 ° of linearly polarized lightsModeling process is as follows
Can be by the Muller matrix abbreviation of lens in calculating
Linearly polarized light passes through the Muller matrix that n times reflect
N times refraction outgoing linearly polarized light degree of polarization be
Similarly pass through abbreviation, can obtain Muller matrix of the linearly polarized light through a mirror-reflection is
The Muller matrix that can derive linearly polarized light m secondary reflection is
The linearly polarized light degree of polarization of m secondary reflection is
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