CN109029383A - A kind of rationally distributed property evaluation method of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis - Google Patents
A kind of rationally distributed property evaluation method of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The rationally distributed property evaluation method of the oceanographic buoy erect-position that the invention discloses a kind of based on spatial analysis includes the following steps: to calculate the effective overlay area of oceanographic buoy erect-position；Establish buoy erect-position neighbourhood model；Judge whether there is monitoring overlapping region；Calculate the area of effective coverage of each buoy；The average and standard deviation for calculating all buoy area of effective coverage determines the reasonability of buoy erect-position layout using standard error analysis method, and standard deviation is bigger, and expression deviation average is bigger, and distribution is more uneven, is laid out more unreasonable；Conversely, the smaller expression distribution of standard deviation is more uniform, it is more reasonable to be laid out.Evaluation method disclosed by the invention is able to solve marine monitoring device layout Rationality Assessment problem, and effectively judgement buoy dump bit distribution is overstocked, be distributed thin, distribution uniform, uniform 4 kinds of situations are owed in distribution, provides effective data for marine environmental monitoring and supports.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine environmental monitoring field, in particular to a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position layout based on spatial analysis
Rationality Assessment method.
Background technique
Marine monitoring activity is a series of monitoring activities towards monitoring objects such as maritime meteorology, the hydrology, ecologies, is depended on
Oceanographic buoy monitoring device is completed, and can whether oceanographic buoy placement is rationally directly related to monitoring activity accurately portray
The inherent change mechanism of Marine Environmental Elements, while being also related to whether can maximumlly realize that marine monitoring equipment in China's provides
It distributes rationally in source.The existing regular grid of oceanographic buoy method of allocation plan monitors, irregular distribution monitors, key area
Intensive monitoring etc. can generate more serious monitoring blank, repeat monitoring, be distributed and owe the problems such as uniform, lack in existing technology
Effective method property rationally distributed to oceanographic buoy erect-position is evaluated.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of, the oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis is rationally distributed
Property evaluation method, to reach the marine monitoring device layout Rationality Assessment problem that is able to solve, effectively determine buoy dump bit distribution
It is overstocked, be distributed dredge, the purposes of uniform 4 kinds of situations is owed in distribution uniform, distribution.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of rationally distributed property evaluation method of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis, includes the following steps:
Step 1: calculating the effective overlay area of oceanographic buoy erect-position；
Step 2: establishing buoy erect-position neighbourhood model；
Step 3: judging whether there is monitoring overlapping region, region is monitored if there is overlapping, then calculates overlapping region
Area, and its account for the percentage of all erect-position area of effective coverage summations；If overlapping percentages are more than threshold value one, it is set to this
Buoy erect-position layout in region is significant overstocked, if overlapping percentages are less than threshold value one, enters the 4th step；If there is no weight
Folded region, then be directly entered the 5th step；
Step 4: being split to overlapping region, effective overlay area of each buoy erect-position is redefined, and draw newly
Effective overlay area polygon；
Step 5: calculating the area of effective coverage of each buoy；
Step 6: the area and percentage in blank monitoring region are calculated, if white space percentage is less than threshold value two,
Then enter the 7th step, if white space percentage is more than threshold value two, is judged to monitoring and dredge；
Step 7: calculating the average and standard deviation of all buoy area of effective coverage, and calculate standard deviation and average value
Ratio；The reasonability of buoy erect-position layout is determined using standard error analysis method, standard deviation is bigger, and expression deviation average is bigger,
Distribution is more uneven, is laid out more unreasonable；Conversely, the smaller expression distribution of standard deviation is more uniform, it is more reasonable to be laid out.
In above scheme, the first step method particularly includes: with oceanographic buoy erect-position point coordinate data and high-accuracy water
Deep data are foundation, and using buoy erect-position coordinate points as radiation center, design head changes attenuation function and range-attenuation function, are built
The vertical function for calculating effective overlay area；
Using Grid Method, centered on buoy erect-position, layer by layer to external diffusion, calculate each grid point to central point distance
And water depth ratio, decaying boundary point is determined whether it is, when finding all decaying boundary points, according to clockwise or counterclockwise
Direction connects each boundary point, draws overlay area polygon, and sets buoy number to the attribute of polygon, and then determine every
Effective overlay area of a buoy survey station position.
In above scheme, the second step method particularly includes: using ocean monitoring buoy erect-position coordinate points as generatrix, establish
Voronoi polygon carries out space division to monitoring sea area, forms the spatial neighborhood model based on Voronoi diagram, and establish phase
The 1 rank Spatial Adjacency weight matrix answered, with the neighbor stations site collection of each buoy erect-position of determination.
In above scheme, the third step method particularly includes: use spatial overlay analysis method, judge having for buoy erect-position
Overlay area is imitated with the presence or absence of overlapping, when an overlay area polygon intersects with its 1 rank neighborhood polygon, then regards as depositing
Region is monitored in overlapping；Region is monitored if there is overlapping, then calculates the area of overlapping region, and its account for all erect-positions and effectively cover
The percentage of capping product summation；If overlapping percentages are more than 10%, it is significant overstocked to be set to region buoy erect-position layout；Such as
Fruit overlapping percentages are less than 10% threshold value, then enter the 4th step；If there is no overlapping region, then the 5th is directly entered
Step.
In above scheme, the 4th step method particularly includes: overlapping region is cut with Voronoi polygon,
The region belonged to except some buoy erect-position Voronoi polygon is cut from original effective overlay area polygon, is obtained
To new effective overlay area polygon, above-mentioned spatial operation behaviour is carried out to each polygon that there is overlapping monitoring region
Make, and then obtains accurate effective overlay area polygon of each buoy erect-position.
In above scheme, the 5th step method particularly includes: accurately calculated using region grid statistic law each effective
The area of overlay area polygon is denoted as the area of effective coverage of each buoy erect-position.
In above scheme, the 6th step method particularly includes: summation is accumulated to the area of effective coverage of all buoys, is obtained
To total monitoring area coverage, total monitoring area coverage is cut with the target sea area gross area and obtains monitoring white space area,
And calculate the percentage that blank monitoring region accounts for the monitoring sea area gross area；If white space percentage is less than 30%, into
Enter the 7th step；If white space percentage is more than 30%, it is judged to monitoring and dredges.
In above scheme, the 7th step method particularly includes: when the ratio of standard deviation and average value is greater than 0.2, sentence
It is set to distribution and owes uniform；When the ratio of standard deviation and average value is less than 0.2, it is determined as distribution uniform.
Through the above technical solutions, the rationally distributed property evaluation of the oceanographic buoy erect-position provided by the invention based on spatial analysis
Method uses computer technology and Spatial Data Analysis, establishes a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position layout appraisal procedure, is able to solve sea
The foreign rationally distributed property evaluation problem of monitoring device effectively determines that buoy dump bit distribution is overstocked, was distributed and dredges, distribution uniform, divide
Cloth owes uniform 4 kinds of situations, provides effective data for marine environmental monitoring and supports.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described.
Fig. 1 is a kind of rationally distributed property evaluation of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention
Method flow schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is buoy largest motion radius schematic diagram disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is Voronoi diagram generating process schematic diagram disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is Voronoi polygon schematic diagram disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is 1 rank Spatial Adjacency matrix schematic diagram disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description.
The rationally distributed property evaluation method of the oceanographic buoy erect-position that the present invention provides a kind of based on spatial analysis, such as Fig. 1 institute
Show, specific embodiment is as follows:
(1) calculating of range attenuation coefficient is realized
Effective overlay area determines mainly to be influenced by distance change, lays when some position with buoy and surpasses at a distance from a little
Out after a certain range, then buoy observation cannot reflect the ocean environment parameter of the position, and buoy observation is only used for indicating
The Marine Environmental Elements of each position in effective overlay area.The purpose for realizing that range attenuation coefficient calculates is determining buoy erect-position
Effective overlay area.
Range attenuation coefficient formulas are as follows:
Wherein, d (p, si) indicate grid point SiHorizontal distance a little is laid to buoy, R is buoy largest motion radius.
R is largest motion radius in Fig. 2, and H is that buoy lays the depth of water, and L is buoy mooring line length, and θ is anchor chain and cloth
An angle in plummet direction is put, then the calculation method of R is as follows:
R=L*cos-1θ
Distance coefficient is 1 in 2R radius, is not decayed；Distance coefficient is with distance except 2R radius
The increase of d gradually can decay to 0 from 1.At the more violent sea-floor relief of the water depth ratios such as trench, mid-oceanic ridge, littoral zone, away from
0 is directly decayed to from coefficient, and determines it as range attenuation boundary line；In the lesser sea area of relatively flat water depth ratio, when
When distance coefficient is started less than 0.4, corresponding grid point location is determined as boundary point of decaying.
(2) the effectively building of overlay area polygon
Connect each range attenuation boundary point according to (or counterclockwise) direction clockwise and range attenuation boundary line obtain it is more
Side shape, as effective overlay area of the buoy erect-position set buoy number (BuoyNum) to an attribute of polygon,
Effective overlay area polygon of buoy erect-position i is denoted as bi P.(1), (2) two steps are repeated, effectively covering for all buoy erect-positions is constructed
Cover area polygon.
(3) Voronoi spatial neighborhood model is constructed
The purpose of building Voronoi spatial neighborhood model is the service range of each buoy determining roughly, and establishes buoy
1 rank spatial neighbor matrix of erect-position, convenient for searching the buoy erect-position adjacent with certain buoy.
A. Voronoi diagram is generated
Computer program is write, is to generate member with buoy dump site coordinate, using Delaunay triangulation network method, automatically generates
Voronoi diagram.If B={ b1, b2, b3.....bnIt is oceanographic buoy erect-position point set, each point in set B is set as generating
Each generation member is connected into triangle first by member, generates Delaunay triangulation network, then makes vertically dividing equally for each side of triangle
Line, each perpendicular bisector intersection using each perpendicular bisector as side, are constructed Voronoi diagram, are generated using its intersection point as vertex
Voronoi diagram be made of multiple Voronoi polygons, each buoy erect-position has a corresponding Voronoi polygon, will
Buoy number (BuoyNum) is set as an attribute of Voronoi polygon.The generating process of Voronoi diagram such as Fig. 3,4 institutes
Show.
B. 1 rank spatial neighbor matrix is established
In Voronoi diagram, bi, bjVoronoi polygon be denoted as respectively as bi v, bj vIf bi vWith bj vIt is shared
It is neighbouring that the boundary Voronoi is known as 1 rank, biAll 1 ranks adjacent to buoy erect-position Voronoi polygon just can by its completely wrap
It encloses.Thus it can be calculated, the set B=of buoy erect-position shown in Fig. 4 { b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b61 rank adjacent to matrix such as
Shown in Fig. 5.0 indicates adjoining, and 1 indicates not abut, then b0With b1、b2、b3、b5、b6It is adjacent.It is easy to count from the matrix in Fig. 5
Calculate the 1 rank nearby stations site set of any buoy erect-position.
(4) monitoring overlapping region is calculated
Select the effective overlay area polygon b of any buoy erect-positioni P, it is floating that its adjoining is searched from 1 rank spatial neighbor matrix
Labeling station position obtains the polygon set B={ b in effective overlay area of all of its neighbor buoy erect-positionj p(j ≠ i) }, by bi pSuccessively with collection
It closes each polygon in B and does space overlapping (Union) operation, the result of each operation does Union operation as with next polygon
Input obtain new polygon set B until having traversed all polygons in Bi'.All buoy erect-positions are effectively covered
Area polygonal executes above-mentioned operation, and the polygon for being already engaged in operation does not repeat Union operation, finally obtains new
Polygon set B', B'={ Bi', 0≤i≤n }, n are buoy erect-position number.
Calculate the area S of B'B'With the effective overlay area polygon of buoy erect-positionWherein, SiFor bi pFace
Product.IfThen there is no monitoring overlapping regions.If SB'≤S, there is monitoring overlapping region, when
When, judge that region buoy erect-position layout is overstocked.WhenWhen, overlapping region will be split, then further divided
It analyses buoy erect-position and is laid out uniformity.
(5) segmentation monitoring overlapping region
By the Voronoi polygon b of buoy erect-positioni VWith effective overlay area polygon bi PDo space intersection
(Intersect) operation obtains the intersecting area b of the twoi V inter P.After dividing again to monitoring overlapping region, bi V inter P
It is denoted as effective covering polygon of buoy erect-position i.Above-mentioned operation is executed to all buoy erect-positions, it is all floating after being divided
New effective overlay area polygon set B of labeling station positionV inter P。
BV inter P={ bi V inter P0≤i≤n }, n is buoy erect-position number.
(6) area and percentage in blank monitoring region are calculated.
To effective overlay area area of all buoysAccumulation summation, obtains total monitoring area coverageWith target sea area gross area STIt cutsMonitoring white space area S " is obtained, whenWhen, sentence
It is set to monitor and dredges；WhenWhen, then further analysis buoy erect-position is laid out uniformity.
(7) buoy monitor spots are laid out analysis of Uniformity
Calculate all buoy area of effective coverageAverage valueAnd standard deviation sigma, sentenced using standard error analysis method
Determine the reasonability of buoy erect-position layout, standard deviation is bigger, and expression deviation average is bigger, and distribution is more uneven, and layout does not conform to more
Reason；Conversely, the smaller expression distribution of standard deviation is more uniform, it is more reasonable to be laid out.When the ratio of standard deviation and average valueWhen greater than 0.2,
It is judged to being distributed and owes uniform；WhenWhen less than 0.2, it is determined as distribution uniform.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of rationally distributed property evaluation method of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1: calculating the effective overlay area of oceanographic buoy erect-position；
Step 2: establishing buoy erect-position neighbourhood model；
Step 3: judging whether there is monitoring overlapping region, region is monitored if there is overlapping, then calculates the face of overlapping region
Product, and its account for the percentage of all erect-position area of effective coverage summations；If overlapping percentages are more than threshold value one, it is set to the area
Buoy erect-position layout in domain is significant overstocked, if overlapping percentages are less than threshold value one, enters the 4th step；If there is no overlapping
Region is then directly entered the 5th step；
Step 4: being split to overlapping region, effective overlay area of each buoy erect-position is redefined, and draw newly effective
Overlay area polygon；
Step 5: calculating the area of effective coverage of each buoy；
Step 6: the area and percentage in blank monitoring region are calculated, if white space percentage is less than threshold value two, into
Enter the 7th step, if white space percentage is more than threshold value two, is judged to monitoring and dredge；
Step 7: calculating the average and standard deviation of all buoy area of effective coverage, and calculate the ratio of standard deviation and average value
Value；The reasonability of buoy erect-position layout is determined using standard error analysis method, standard deviation is bigger, and expression deviation average is bigger, distribution
It is more uneven, it is laid out more unreasonable；Conversely, the smaller expression distribution of standard deviation is more uniform, it is more reasonable to be laid out.
2. the rationally distributed property evaluation method of a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that, the first step method particularly includes: with oceanographic buoy erect-position point coordinate data and high-precision bathymetric data be according to
According to using buoy erect-position coordinate points as radiation center, design head changes attenuation function and range-attenuation function, establishes and calculates effectively
The function of overlay area；
Using Grid Method, centered on buoy erect-position, layer by layer to external diffusion, calculate each grid point to central point distance and water
Deep variation, determines whether it is decaying boundary point, when finding all decaying boundary points, according to clockwise or counterclockwise
Each boundary point is connected, overlay area polygon is drawn, and sets buoy number to the attribute of polygon, and then is determined each floating
Effective overlay area of mapping erect-position.
3. the rationally distributed property evaluation method of a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the second step method particularly includes: using ocean monitoring buoy erect-position coordinate points as generatrix, it is more to establish Voronoi
Side shape carries out space division to monitoring sea area, forms the spatial neighborhood model based on Voronoi diagram, and it is empty to establish corresponding 1 rank
Between adjacent weight matrix, with the neighbor stations site collection of each buoy erect-position of determination.
4. the rationally distributed property evaluation method of a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the third step method particularly includes: use spatial overlay analysis method, judge effective overlay area of buoy erect-position
With the presence or absence of overlapping, when an overlay area polygon intersects with its 1 rank neighborhood polygon, then regard as the presence of overlapping monitoring
Region；Region is monitored if there is overlapping, then calculates the area of overlapping region, and its account for all erect-position area of effective coverage summations
Percentage；If overlapping percentages are more than 10%, it is significant overstocked to be set to region buoy erect-position layout；If being overlapped percentage
Than the threshold value for being less than 10%, then enter the 4th step；If there is no overlapping region, then the 5th step is directly entered.
5. the rationally distributed property evaluation method of a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the 4th step method particularly includes: overlapping region is cut with Voronoi polygon, some will be belonged to
Region except buoy erect-position Voronoi polygon is cut from original effective overlay area polygon, is obtained new effective
Overlay area polygon carries out above-mentioned spatial operation operation to each polygon that there is overlapping monitoring region, and then obtains
Accurate effective overlay area polygon of each buoy erect-position.
6. the rationally distributed property evaluation method of a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the 5th step method particularly includes: it is more that each effectively overlay area is accurately calculated using region grid statistic law
The area of side shape is denoted as the area of effective coverage of each buoy erect-position.
7. the rationally distributed property evaluation method of a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the 6th step method particularly includes: summation is accumulated to the area of effective coverage of all buoys, obtains total monitoring
Area coverage cuts total monitoring area coverage with the target sea area gross area and obtains monitoring white space area, and calculates blank
Monitoring region accounts for the percentage of the monitoring sea area gross area；If white space percentage is less than 30%, enter the 7th step；Such as
Fruit white space percentage is more than 30%, then is judged to monitoring and dredge.
8. the rationally distributed property evaluation method of a kind of oceanographic buoy erect-position based on spatial analysis according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the 7th step method particularly includes: when the ratio of standard deviation and average value is greater than 0.2, be judged to being distributed deficient
Uniformly；When the ratio of standard deviation and average value is less than 0.2, it is determined as distribution uniform.
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