CN109026021B - Focusing system and method of shield tunneling machine - Google Patents
Focusing system and method of shield tunneling machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109026021B CN109026021B CN201810916784.0A CN201810916784A CN109026021B CN 109026021 B CN109026021 B CN 109026021B CN 201810916784 A CN201810916784 A CN 201810916784A CN 109026021 B CN109026021 B CN 109026021B
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- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
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Abstract
The invention discloses a focusing system and a focusing method of a shield tunneling machine. Wherein, this focusing system includes: the shield machine comprises a current source, a transmitting electrode, a shielding electrode, a return electrode and a current detector, wherein the shield machine adopts a first mode to transmit current under the condition that the current source supplies power to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode; under the condition that a current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current; wherein the focusing system further comprises: and the controller is used for controlling the superposition proportion of the first mode and the second mode when the focusing system adopts a mode of superposition of the first mode and the second mode to emit current, so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero. The invention solves the technical problems that the measurement accuracy of apparent resistivity is affected and the system false alarm is easily caused by adopting a hardware focusing system in the related technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shield, in particular to a focusing system and a focusing method of a shield machine.
Background
In the related art, the technology of the advanced detection BEAM (Bore-Tunneling Electrical Ahead Monitoring) by a tunnel electrical method is a technology for advanced geological prediction of the tunnel by using an electrical method, and an induced polarization method is adopted. In this method, ring electrodes are arranged on the face and measurement electrodes are arranged inside the face. The current is focused into the rock mass to be detected by emitting a shielding current into the shielding electrode and a measuring current into the measuring electrode. The integrity and water content of the rock mass in front of the face is predicted by analysing the changes in the electrical energy storage energy parameters associated with the pores in the rock mass. When the BEAM technology is adopted, a cutter head and a shield body of the shield machine are used as a transmitting electrode and a shielding electrode to transmit current. In general, when the emission current is focused, a hardware focusing mode is adopted to enable the emission electrode and the shielding electrode to meet the focusing condition, but residual potential is necessarily existed in the hardware focusing mode, so that the accuracy of measuring the apparent resistivity is reduced to a certain extent; in addition, the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode are conducted and are not insulated, and the pressure difference between the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode is extremely weak, so that the system is required to have high small signal measurement capability. Therefore, when a hardware focusing mode is adopted, accuracy of measuring apparent resistivity by adopting a BEAM technology can be greatly affected, and thus, situations such as geological interpretation false alarm and the like can be possibly caused.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a focusing system and a focusing method of a shield machine, which at least solve the technical problems that the measurement accuracy of apparent resistivity is affected and system false alarm is easily caused by adopting a hardware focusing system in the related technology.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a focusing system of a shield tunneling machine, including: the device comprises a current source, a transmitting electrode on a cutter head of a shield machine, a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine, a return electrode of the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, and a current detector for detecting current on a conductor between the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, wherein the shield machine adopts a first mode to transmit the current under the condition that the current source supplies power to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode; under the condition that the current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current; wherein the focusing system further comprises: and the controller is used for controlling the superposition proportion of the first mode and the second mode when the focusing system adopts the superposition mode of the first mode and the second mode to emit current, so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero.
Optionally, the focusing system further includes: the shield machine comprises a reference electrode for providing potential reference for the potential on the shielding electrode, a voltage measuring circuit for measuring the potential on the transmitting electrode in the first mode and the second mode according to the reference electrode, a total current measuring circuit for measuring the total current of the shield machine in the first mode and the second mode, and a processor, wherein the processor is used for determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield machine according to the potential measured by the voltage measuring circuit, the current measured by the total current measuring circuit and the current detected by the current detector.
Optionally, the processor includes: the processing unit is used for determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield tunneling machine by the following method:
wherein Ra is apparent resistivity, K is electrode coefficient; v0 is the potential of the emitter electrode in the first mode; i is the total current of the shield machine in the first mode; i1 is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the shielding electrode in the first mode; v0' is the potential of the emitter electrode in the second mode; and I0' is the current from the total current of the shield tunneling machine to the transmitting electrode in the second mode.
Optionally, the controller includes: the control unit is used for controlling the superposition proportion in a mode of controlling the ratio of a first current to a second current, wherein the first current is the current of the shield electrode divided by the total current of the shield machine in the first mode, and the second current is the current of the shield electrode divided by the total current of the shield machine in the second mode.
Optionally, the current detector includes at least one of: the device comprises a rogowski coil, a current transformer and an optical fiber current sensor.
According to another aspect of the embodiment of the invention, there is provided a focusing method of a shield tunneling machine, including: detecting current on a conductor between a transmitting electrode on a cutter head of the shield machine and a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine; transmitting current in a mode of superposition of a first mode and a second mode, wherein the shield machine adopts the first mode to transmit current under the condition that a current source of the shield machine supplies power to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode; under the condition that the current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current; and controlling the superposition proportion of the first mode and the second mode so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a reference electrode configured to provide a potential reference for a potential on the shielding electrode; measuring the potential on the transmitting electrode in the first mode and the second mode according to the reference electrode, and measuring the total current of the shield tunneling machine in the first mode and the second mode; and determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum detected by the shield tunneling machine according to the potential measured by the voltage measuring circuit, the current measured by the total current measuring circuit and the current detected by the current detector.
Optionally, according to the electric potential measured by the voltage measurement circuit, the current measured by the total current measurement circuit and the current detected by the current detector, determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield tunneling machine includes: the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield tunneling machine is determined by the following method:
wherein Ra is the apparent resistivity, K is an electrode coefficient, V0 is the potential of the transmitting electrode in the first mode, I is the total current of the shield machine in the first mode, I1 is the current of the total current of the shield machine in the first mode to the shielding electrode, V0 'is the potential of the transmitting electrode in the second mode, and IO' is the current of the total current of the shield machine in the second mode to the transmitting electrode.
Optionally, controlling the superposition ratio of the first mode and the second mode so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero includes: and controlling the superposition proportion by controlling the ratio of a first current to a second current, wherein the first current is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the shielding electrode in the first mode, and the second current is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the transmitting electrode in the second mode.
Optionally, detecting a current on a conductor between a transmitting electrode on a cutterhead of the shield machine and a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine by using at least one of the following current detectors: the device comprises a rogowski coil, a current transformer and an optical fiber current sensor.
In the embodiment of the invention, the focusing system comprises a current source, a current detector for detecting current on a conductor between a transmitting electrode and a shielding electrode, and a controller, wherein the current source is used as the transmitting electrode on a cutter head of a shield machine, the shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine, the transmitting electrode and a return electrode of the shielding electrode, and the shield machine adopts a first mode to transmit current under the condition that the current source supplies power to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode; under the condition that the current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current; when the system adopts the mode of overlapping the first mode and the second mode to emit current, the overlapping proportion of the first mode and the second mode is controlled, so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero, and the purpose of enabling the residual potential of the emitting electrode and the shielding electrode to be zero is achieved by enabling the current on the conductor between the emitting electrode and the shielding electrode to be zero, thereby realizing the technical effects of optimizing the focusing effect of the focusing system, improving the measurement precision of the apparent resistivity, reducing the false alarm probability of the system, further solving the technical problems that the hardware focusing system is adopted in the related technology, affecting the measurement precision of the apparent resistivity and easily causing the false alarm of the system.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a focusing system of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first mode circuit according to a preferred implementation of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second mode circuit according to a preferred implementation of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of electric fields after superposition of a first mode and a second mode according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a digital focusing circuit according to a preferred implementation of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a method of focusing a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
With development of large-scale capital construction projects such as domestic railways, highways and water conservancy projects and improvement of shield machine capacity of autonomous research and development of shield machine manufacturers, the proportion of shield construction adopted in tunnel construction is higher and higher. In shield construction, when water-containing structures such as broken belts, karst cave, and underground river are encountered, serious accidents such as machine damage, engineering delay and even casualties are often caused by water bursting disaster. In order to avoid the occurrence of the accidents, a method of advanced geological forecast is generally adopted to detect geological conditions in front of the face, and reasonable construction plans and treatment measures are formulated in advance according to measurement and evaluation results.
The drilling and blasting method is a common method for excavating a tunnel, and is a method for excavating rock through drilling, charging and blasting, and in the construction process of the drilling and blasting method, the rock and soil condition in front of a tunnel face (namely, a tunneling face) needs to be analyzed and detected, and corresponding treatment is carried out on different rock and soil conditions, otherwise, safety accidents are easy to occur. For the detection of bad geologic bodies such as water-containing structures, a transient electromagnetic method, a geological radar method and an induced polarization method are generally adopted in a drilling and blasting method. Because the shield machine occupies the whole tunnel face space in the shield construction and is limited by practical conditions such as large electromagnetic interference in the shield construction environment, the transient electromagnetic method and the geological radar method are difficult to use in the shield construction.
In the construction process using a shield machine (or TBM (tunnel boring machine, tunneling Boring Machine)), a BEAM technique is generally used for detecting a geologic body having a bad structure such as water. When the BEAM technology is adopted, the cutter head and the shield body of the shield machine are respectively used as the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode to transmit current, under the combined action of the focusing and control system of the in-phase shielding current, the focusing condition that the current flowing through the main bearing is zero is met, the transmitting current is forced to flow to the front of the face, and the apparent resistivity and the excitation parameter measured in the state are closer to the actual resistivity and the excitation characteristic value of the geologic body in front of the face. The apparent resistivity of the stratum in front of the face is effectively measured, and the geological condition in front of the face is predicted.
In the embodiments of the present invention, for convenience of description, the following shield tunneling machine may be understood as a shield tunneling machine (or TBM).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a system embodiment of a focusing system of a shield machine is provided, and it should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowchart of the drawings may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that although a logical sequence is illustrated in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in a different order than that illustrated herein.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a focusing system of a shield tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the focusing system includes: a current source 11, an emitter electrode 12, a shield electrode 13, a return electrode 14, a current detector 15, and a controller 16. The focusing system will be described in detail below.
The shield machine comprises a current source 11, a transmitting electrode 12 on a cutter head of the shield machine, a shielding electrode 13 on a shield of the shield machine, a transmitting electrode 12 and a return electrode 14 of the shielding electrode 13, and a current detector 15 for detecting current on a conductor between the transmitting electrode 12 and the shielding electrode 13, wherein the shield machine adopts a first mode to transmit the current under the condition that the current source 11 supplies power to the transmitting electrode 12 and the return electrode 13; under the condition that the current source 11 supplies power to the shielding electrode 14 and the return electrode 13, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current; wherein the focusing system further comprises: and a controller 16 for controlling the superposition ratio of the first mode and the second mode so that the current value detected by the current detector 15 is zero when the focusing system emits the current in a manner that the first mode and the second mode are superposed.
Through the system, the focusing system comprises a current source, a transmitting electrode on a cutter head of the shield machine, a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine, a return electrode of the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, a current detector for detecting current on a conductor between the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, and a controller, wherein under the condition that the current source is supplied to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a first mode to transmit the current; under the condition that a current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current; when the system adopts a mode of overlapping a first mode and a second mode to emit current, the overlapping proportion of the first mode and the second mode is controlled, so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero, the purpose of enabling the residual potential of the emitting electrode and the shielding electrode to be zero is achieved by enabling the current on the conductor between the emitting electrode and the shielding electrode to be zero, the focusing effect of the focusing system is optimized, the measuring precision of the apparent resistivity is improved, the technical effect of the misinformation probability of the system is reduced, and the technical problems that the measuring precision of the apparent resistivity is influenced and the misinformation of the system is easily caused by adopting a focusing system of hardware focusing in the related technology are solved.
The current source is used for supplying power to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode or the shielding electrode and the return electrode, so that a loop is formed between the transmitting electrode and the return electrode or between the shielding electrode and the return electrode. In this embodiment, the transmitting electrode is located on a cutterhead of the shield machine, and the transmitting electrode may be any electrical conductor on the cutterhead of the shield machine, for example, a cutterhead of the shield machine, a cutter on the cutterhead of the shield machine, or a combination of the cutterhead and the cutter. The shielding electrode is located on a shield of the shield machine, and the shielding electrode can be any conductor on the shield of the shield machine, for example, the shield of the shield machine. And a loop is formed between the ground of the return electrode and the transmitting electrode and/or the shielding electrode, so that the apparent resistivity of rock soil in front of the electric field detection tunnel face is formed. The return electrode is any electrical conductor that is electrically connected to the emitter electrode and/or the shield electrode and is grounded.
The first mode is that the current source supplies power to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode simultaneously, and a loop is formed between the return electrode and the transmitting electrode, so that an electric field is formed. The total current supplied by the current source is I, the current flows into the cutterhead (i.e. the transmitting electrode) and then is divided into two parts, one part of the current I0 directly flows into the stratum and returns to the return electrode, and the other part of the current I1 flows into the shielding electrode (i.e. the shield) through the current detector (i.e. the coil) and then returns to the return electrode after passing through the stratum.
The second mode is that the current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode simultaneously, and a loop is formed between the return electrode and the shielding electrode, so that an electric field is formed. The total current supplied by the current source is I ', the current flows into the shield (i.e. the shielding electrode) and then is divided into two parts, one part of the current I1' directly flows into the stratum and returns to the return electrode, and the other part of the current IO ' flows into the transmitting electrode (i.e. the cutterhead) through the current detector (i.e. the coil) and then returns to the return electrode after passing through the stratum.
In combination with the first mode and the second mode, when the current flows from the transmitting electrode to the shielding electrode in the first mode, the current flowing through the current detector (i.e. the coil) is I1, and when the current flows from the shielding electrode to the transmitting electrode in the second mode, the current flowing through the current detector (i.e. the coil) is I0', and under the condition that the current I1 and the current I0' are the same in magnitude, the influence of the current I1 and the current I0' on the electric field counteracts each other, so that the electric field generated by the shielding electrode and the transmitting electrode is forced to flow to the stratum to be tested, and the focusing capability of the electric field generated by the shield tunneling machine is effectively improved through superposition of the two modes.
Optionally, the focusing system further comprises: the shield machine comprises a reference electrode for providing potential reference for the potential on the shielding electrode, a voltage measuring circuit for measuring the potential on the shielding electrode in a first mode and a second mode according to the reference electrode, a total current measuring circuit for measuring the total current of the shield machine in the first mode and the second mode, and a processor, wherein the processor is used for determining the apparent resistivity of a stratum measured by the shield machine according to the potential measured by the voltage measuring circuit, the current measured by the total current measuring circuit and the current detected by the current detector.
The apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield machine can be the apparent resistivity of rock and soil in front of the face in front of the shield machine. The reference electrode is any conductor or non-polarized electrode, and is used as a reference for measuring the potential of the transmitting electrode. The non-polarized electrode, commonly called a polar tank, is a device for receiving electric signals in electrical exploration, is a special grounding electrode for measuring potential difference, can reduce the polarized potential difference of the electrode to within 1mV, and effectively reduces the polarized potential difference of the measuring electrode, thus being called a non-polarized electrode. Therefore, the potential of the transmitting electrode is measured more accurately by using the reference electrode, and the error is smaller.
And a voltage measurement circuit for measuring the potential on the shielding electrode in the first mode and the second mode according to the reference electrode. In a first mode, a first voltage of a circuit between the reference electrode and the emitter electrode is measured by a voltage measurement circuit, the first voltage being a potential difference between the reference electrode and the emitter electrode. The potential of the reference electrode is known, and the potential of the reference electrode is generally zero, or may be another fixed value. The potential of the emitter electrode in the first mode can be calculated from the potential value of the reference electrode and the first voltage. In the second mode, the same principle as that of the emission electrode measurement in the first mode is adopted, a voltage measurement circuit can be used for measuring a second voltage of a circuit between the reference electrode and the emission electrode, and the potential value of the emission electrode in the second mode can be calculated according to the second voltage and the potential value of the reference electrode.
And the total current measuring circuit is used for measuring the total current of the shield tunneling machine in the first mode and the second mode, and the electric field intensity in the first mode and the second mode is related to the current output by the current source. And measuring the total current output by the current source in a first mode and a second mode by using the total current measuring circuit. For example, the total current I supplied by the current source in the first mode and the total current I' supplied by the current source in the second mode are described above.
Optionally, the processor includes: the processing unit is used for determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield tunneling machine according to the calculation formula of the apparent resistivity in the following way:
wherein Ra is apparent resistivity, K is electrode coefficient; v0 is the potential of the transmitting electrode in the first mode, and is obtained according to measurement of the voltage measuring circuit in the first mode; i is the total current of the shield machine in the first mode, and is obtained according to measurement of a total current measurement circuit in the first mode; i1 is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the shielding electrode in the first mode, and is obtained according to the detection of a current detector in the first mode; v0' is the potential of the transmitting electrode in the second mode, and is obtained according to measurement of a voltage measuring circuit in the second mode; and I0' is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the transmitting electrode in the second mode, and is obtained according to the detection of a current detector in the second mode.
Optionally, the controller includes: the control unit is used for controlling the superposition proportion in a mode of controlling the ratio of the first current to the second current, wherein the first current is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the emission shield in the first mode, and the second current is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the emission electrode in the second mode.
When the first mode and the second mode are overlapped, according to the electric field overlapping principle, the first mode and the second mode are overlapped according to a certain proportion to form a synthetic mode, and if the proportion is 1:lambda, the method comprises the following steps:
wherein the potential at the emitter electrode is v0+λv0', and the current flowing from the emitter electrode into the formation is i0+λi0'. When i1=λi0', i.e.The current flowing through the conductor between the emitter electrode and the shield electrode in the combined mode is zero. In the above formula, I1 is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the emission shield in the first mode, and I0' is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the emission electrode in the second mode.
Optionally, the current detector comprises at least one of: the device comprises a rogowski coil, a current transformer and an optical fiber current sensor.
The current detector is used for detecting the current on the conductor between the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, and the conductor is cylindrical and has a large volume and cannot be directly measured by a current detecting instrument, so that the current detector is usually measured by a rogowski coil, and can also be measured by a current transformer or an optical fiber current sensor. When the measurement is performed using the rogowski coil, the rogowski coil is fitted over the conductor, and when a current flows through the conductor, the rogowski coil can detect the current.
It should be noted that, this embodiment provides a digital focusing method for a shield tunneling machine (or TBM), which is a preferred implementation of this embodiment, specifically as follows:
the cutter head of the shield machine (or TBM) is used as an electrode A0 of the transmitting electrode, the shield of the shield machine (or TBM) is used as an electrode A1 of the shielding electrode, the Rogowski coil is arranged between the cutter head and the shield as a current measuring coil, and the reflux electrode B and the reference electrode N are arranged on an anchor behind the shield machine (or TBM) (for example, 300m-500m far behind). The digital focusing implementation is as follows:
mode 1: fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first mode circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the cutter (A0 electrode) and the B electrode are powered, the total current supplied is I, the current flows into the cutter and is divided into two parts, one part of the current (I0) directly flows into the stratum to return to the B electrode, and the other part of the current (I1) flows into the shield (A1 electrode) through the rogowski coil and then flows into the stratum to return to the B electrode. There is i=i0+i1 according to kirchhoff's current law, and this current source will produce a potential V0 on the A0 electrode relative to the N electrode.
Mode 2: fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second mode circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the power is supplied to the shield (electrode A1) and electrode B, the total power supply current is I ', the current flows into the shield and then is divided into two parts, one part of the current (I1 ') directly flows into the stratum and returns to electrode B, and the other part of the current (I0 ') flows into the cutterhead (electrode A0) through the rogowski coil and then flows into the stratum and returns to electrode B. There is I ' =i0 ' +i1' according to kirchhoff's current law, and this current source will produce a potential V0' on the A0 electrode.
Synthesis mode: according to the electric field superposition principle, mode 1 and mode 2 are superposed in a certain proportion (1:lambda) to form a composite mode. The synthesis relationship is shown as follows:
the potential at the A0 electrode in the synthesis mode is V0+λV0', and the current flowing from the A0 electrode into the formation is I0+λI0'. When i1=λi0',when the current flowing through the rogowski coil in the synthetic mode is zero, the synthetic mode works in a focusing state, the potential of the electrode A1 is equal to that of the electrode A0, and the current flowing out of the electrode A1 forces the current flowing out of the electrode A0 to enter the stratum in front of the cutterhead perpendicularly to the cutterhead, as shown in fig. 4, wherein fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electric field after superposition of the first mode and the second mode according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
At this time, the apparent resistivity may be expressed by the following formula:
where Ra is the apparent resistivity of the formation being measured and K is the electrode coefficient.
The preferred embodiment also provides a digital focusing circuit, which comprises the following specific steps:
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a digital focusing circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the digital focusing circuit includes an acquisition/control circuit, a transmitting circuit, a total current measuring circuit, a voltage measuring circuit, a rogowski coil, an integrating circuit, a rogowski coil current measuring circuit, a shield machine (or TBM) cutterhead A0 electrode, a shield machine (or TBM) shield A1 electrode, a B electrode, and an N electrode.
The acquisition/control circuit has the main functions of: 1) collecting total current, voltage and rogowski coil current, 2) controlling collecting parameters of a measuring circuit of three signals, and 3) generating a transmitting signal to a transmitting circuit.
The transmitting circuit receives the transmitting signal generated by the acquisition/control circuit, amplifies the power of the transmitting signal and supplies the amplified signal to the electrodes A0-B or the electrodes A1-B.
The total current measuring circuit picks up the total emission current, amplifies, filters and A/D converts the signal, and sends the signal to the acquisition/control circuit for acquisition.
The voltage measuring circuit picks up the potential of the electrode A0 relative to the electrode N, amplifies, filters and A/D converts the signal, and sends the signal to the acquisition/control circuit for acquisition.
The rogowski coil, the integrating circuit and the rogowski coil current measuring circuit are responsible for picking up the current flowing between the A0 electrode and the A1 electrode, amplifying, filtering and A/D converting the signal, and sending the signal to the acquisition/control circuit for acquisition.
The A0 electrode includes: the cutter head of the shield machine (or TBM) and the cutter on the cutter head are used as main current emission electrodes.
The A1 electrode includes: and a shield of the shield machine (or TBM) is used as a shielding electrode.
The B electrode may be a conductor such as a metal ground anchor, or the like, and serves as a return electrode for the A0 electrode or the A1 electrode.
The N electrode may be a conductor such as a metal ground anchor or a non-polarized electrode as a reference electrode for voltage measurement.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a focusing method of a shield tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, including the steps of:
step S602, detecting current on a conductor between a transmitting electrode on a cutter head of the shield machine and a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine;
step S604, transmitting current in a mode of superposition of a first mode and a second mode, wherein the shield machine adopts the first mode to transmit current under the condition that a current source of the shield machine is supplied to a transmitting electrode and a return electrode;
step S606, under the condition that a current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current;
in step S608, the superposition ratio of the first mode and the second mode is controlled so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero.
In the embodiment of the invention, the focusing system comprises a current source, a transmitting electrode serving as a cutter head of a shield machine, a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine, a return electrode of the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, a current detector for detecting current on a conductor between the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, and a controller, wherein the shield machine adopts a first mode to transmit the current under the condition that the current source is supplied to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode; under the condition that a current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current; when the system adopts a mode of overlapping the first mode and the second mode to emit current, the overlapping proportion of the first mode and the second mode is controlled, so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero.
The purpose of enabling the residual potential of the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode to be zero is achieved by enabling the current on the conductor between the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode to be zero, so that the focusing effect of the focusing system is optimized, the apparent resistivity error of the focusing system is reduced, the technical effect of the misinformation probability of the system is reduced, and the technical problem that the measuring accuracy of the apparent resistivity is affected and the system misinformation is easily caused by adopting a hardware focusing system in the related art is solved.
Optionally, the focusing method further includes: a reference electrode configured to provide a potential reference for a potential on the shielding electrode; measuring the potential of the transmitting electrode in the first mode and the second mode according to the reference electrode, and measuring the total current of the shield tunneling machine in the first mode and the second mode; and determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield machine according to the potential measured by the voltage measuring circuit, the current measured by the total current measuring circuit and the current detected by the current detector.
Optionally, determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield tunneling machine according to the potential measured by the voltage measurement circuit, the current measured by the total current measurement circuit, and the current detected by the current detector includes: the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield machine is determined by the following method:
wherein Ra is apparent resistivity, K is electrode coefficient; v0 is the potential of the transmitting electrode in the first mode, and is obtained according to measurement of the voltage measuring circuit in the first mode; i is the total current of the shield machine in the first mode, and is obtained according to measurement of a total current measurement circuit in the first mode; i1 is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the shielding electrode in the first mode, and is obtained according to the detection of a current detector in the first mode; v0' is the potential of the transmitting electrode in the second mode, and is obtained according to measurement of a voltage measuring circuit in the second mode; and I0' is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the transmitting electrode in the second mode, and is obtained according to the detection of a current detector in the second mode.
Optionally, controlling the superposition ratio of the first mode and the second mode such that the current value detected by the current detector is zero includes: the superposition proportion is controlled by controlling the ratio of the first current to the second current, wherein the first current is the current of the shield electrode divided by the total current of the shield machine in the first mode, and the second current is the current of the transmitting electrode divided by the total current of the shield machine in the second mode.
Optionally, detecting a current on a conductor between a transmitting electrode on a cutterhead of the shield machine and a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine with at least one of the following current detectors: the device comprises a rogowski coil, a current transformer and an optical fiber current sensor.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for a portion of this disclosure that is not described in detail in this embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology content may be implemented in other manners. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely exemplary, and the division of the units, for example, may be a logic function division, and may be implemented in another manner, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some interfaces, units or modules, or may be in electrical or other forms.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in part or all of the technical solution or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A focusing system for a shield tunneling machine, comprising: the device comprises a current source, a transmitting electrode on a cutter head of a shield machine, a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine, a return electrode of the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, and a current detector for detecting current on a conductor between the transmitting electrode and the shielding electrode, wherein the shield machine adopts a first mode to transmit the current under the condition that the current source supplies power to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode; under the condition that the current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current; wherein the focusing system further comprises:
the controller is used for controlling the superposition proportion of the first mode and the second mode when the focusing system adopts the superposition mode of the first mode and the second mode to emit current, so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero;
wherein the focusing system further comprises: the shield machine comprises a reference electrode for providing potential reference for the potential on the shielding electrode, a voltage measurement circuit for measuring the potential on the emitting electrode in the first mode and the second mode according to the reference electrode, a total current measurement circuit for measuring the total current of the shield machine in the first mode and the second mode, and a processor, wherein the processor is used for determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield machine according to the potential measured by the voltage measurement circuit, the current measured by the total current measurement circuit and the current detected by the current detector;
the processor includes: the processing unit is used for determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield tunneling machine by the following method:
，
wherein Ra is the apparent resistivity, K is an electrode coefficient, V0 is the potential of the transmitting electrode in the first mode, I is the total current of the shield machine in the first mode, I1 is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the shielding electrode in the first mode,for the potential of the emitter electrode in the second mode, +.>Dividing the total current of the shield tunneling machine in the second mode into the current of the transmitting electrode;
the controller includes: the control unit is used for controlling the superposition proportion in a mode of controlling the ratio of a first current to a second current, wherein the first current is the current of the total current of the shield machine to the shielding electrode in the first mode, and the second current is the current of the total current of the shield machine to the transmitting electrode in the second mode.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the current detector comprises at least one of: the device comprises a rogowski coil, a current transformer and an optical fiber current sensor.
3. The focusing method of the shield tunneling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
detecting current on a conductor between a transmitting electrode on a cutter head of the shield machine and a shielding electrode on a shield of the shield machine;
transmitting current in a mode of superposition of a first mode and a second mode, wherein the shield machine adopts the first mode to transmit current under the condition that a current source of the shield machine supplies power to the transmitting electrode and the return electrode; under the condition that the current source supplies power to the shielding electrode and the return electrode, the shield machine adopts a second mode to emit current;
and controlling the superposition proportion of the first mode and the second mode so that the current value detected by the current detector is zero.
4. A method according to claim 3, further comprising:
a reference electrode configured to provide a potential reference for a potential on the shielding electrode;
measuring the potential on the transmitting electrode in the first mode and the second mode according to the reference electrode, and measuring the total current of the shield tunneling machine in the first mode and the second mode;
and determining the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield tunneling machine according to the potential measured by the voltage measuring circuit, the current measured by the total current measuring circuit and the current detected by the current detector.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the apparent resistivity of the earth formation measured by the shield machine from the current measured by the total current measurement circuit and the current detected by the current detector based on the potential measured by the voltage measurement circuit comprises: the apparent resistivity of the stratum measured by the shield tunneling machine is determined by the following method:
，
wherein Ra is the apparent resistivity, K is an electrode coefficient, V0 is the potential of the transmitting electrode in the first mode, I is the total current of the shield machine in the first mode, I1 is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the shielding electrode in the first mode,for the potential of the emitter electrode in the second mode, +.>And dividing the total current of the shield tunneling machine in the second mode into the current of the transmitting electrode.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein controlling the ratio of the first mode to the second mode such that the current value detected by the current detector is zero comprises:
and controlling the superposition proportion by controlling the ratio of a first current to a second current, wherein the first current is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the shielding electrode in the first mode, and the second current is the current from the total current of the shield machine to the transmitting electrode in the second mode.
7. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the current on the conductor between the emitter electrode on the cutterhead of the shield machine and the shield electrode on the shield of the shield machine is detected with at least one of the following current detectors: the device comprises a rogowski coil, a current transformer and an optical fiber current sensor.
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