CN109023939A - 一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN109023939A
CN109023939A CN201810731743.4A CN201810731743A CN109023939A CN 109023939 A CN109023939 A CN 109023939A CN 201810731743 A CN201810731743 A CN 201810731743A CN 109023939 A CN109023939 A CN 109023939A
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蔡俊霖
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Fujian Fengyuansheng Textile Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及织物染整技术领域，具体涉及一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，包括以下步骤：将布料浸轧第一阻燃剂，浸轧率为65‑70％，放入烘干箱中烘干30‑45min，烘干温度为85‑90℃，将烘干后的布料放入烘焙箱中烘焙2‑4min，烘焙温度为165‑185℃，水洗后放入清洗机水洗45‑65min，脱水20‑30min，将水洗后的布料浸轧第二阻燃剂，浸轧率为60‑70％，将二次浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干10‑12min，烘干温度为85‑105℃，得到汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布。本发明方法所生产的汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布具有阻燃效果好、导热率低以及安全无毒的优点。

Description

一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及网布技术领域，具体涉及一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法。
背景技术
一辆普通家用轿车内饰材料大约为20-40kg，这些装饰物主要是由易燃性的纺织品、纤维内衬板、聚氨酯发泡物、人造革、热熔型粘合胶等材料组成，且主要分布在汽车内部的顶棚、门衬板、地毡、座椅、安全带、隔音毡、行李仓衬垫、密封过滤毡等大约四十多个部位。汽车在运输过程中，由于电器短路、发动机故障、交通事故等原因都极易引起火灾，造成财产损失、人员伤亡。大多数的汽车内装饰物在事故中往往会加重火灾的程度。因此，对汽车内饰材料的阻燃性的研究有较大的现实意义。
阻燃网布是一种具有阻燃功能的布，经过染整处理的阻燃布在家居内饰、汽车内饰等多方面具有广泛的应用，大大提高了对火灾的预防能力，保障了生命财产安全。阻燃网布料的阻燃原理大致分为如下理论：覆盖理论，阻燃剂在高温下能形成玻璃状或稳定泡沫覆盖层，具有隔热、隔氧、阻止可燃气体向外逸出，起到阻燃作用；不燃气体理论，阻燃剂受热分解出不燃气体，将纤维素分解出来的可燃气体浓度冲淡到燃烧下限以下；吸热理论，阻燃剂在高温下，发生吸热反应，降低温度阻止燃烧蔓延，此外，织物整理后能将热量迅速传出，致使纤维素达不到着火燃烧的温度；化学反应论，阻燃剂在高温下，作为路易斯酸与纤维素发生反应，使纤维催化脱水碳化，减少可燃气体的产生。而现在市面上的阻燃布料运用的阻燃原理大多数比较单一，无法达到最好的隔热阻燃效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法。本发明发明所生产的汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布具有阻燃效果好、导热率低以及安全无毒的优点。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1 浸轧：将布料浸轧第一阻燃剂，浸轧率为65-70％，其中，浸轧是将布料放入浸轧机中，向布料表面喷洒第一阻燃剂，同时利用轧辊对布料进行浸轧，使第一阻燃剂均匀的浸入布料中；
S2 烘干：将浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干30-45min，烘干温度为85-90℃；
S3 烘焙：将烘干后的布料放入烘焙箱中烘焙2-4min，烘焙温度为165-185℃；
S4 水洗：将烘焙后的布料放入清洗机水洗45-65min，脱水20-30min；
S5 二次浸轧：将水洗后的布料浸轧第二阻燃剂，浸轧率为60-70％，其中，浸轧是将布料放入浸轧机中，向布料表面喷洒第二阻燃剂，同时利用轧辊对布料进行浸轧，使第二阻燃剂均匀的浸入布料中；
S6 二次烘干：将二次浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干10-12min，烘干温度为85-105℃，得到汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布。
进一步地，所述布料为聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝、碳纤维丝以及陶瓷纤维丝按照质量比为（8-12）:（2-4）:（6-9）的比例混纺而成，其中聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝由间苯二甲酰氯和简苯二胺经界面缩聚或溶液缩聚而制得，碳纤维丝是由常州华碳纤维复合材料有限公司生产，型号为HT-H01P-100；陶瓷纤维是由浙江炜烨晶体纤维有限公司生产，型号为H-1150。
进一步地，所述布料为聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝、碳纤维丝以及陶瓷纤维丝按照质量比为9:1:8的比例混纺而成。
进一步地，所述聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝直径为6-14μm，所述碳纤维丝直径为3-5μm，陶瓷纤维丝直径为4-6μm。
进一步地，所述步骤S1第一阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：
C8H24O12P2S9（四羟甲基硫酸磷） 20-25份；
C3N6(CH2OH)6（六甲醇基三聚氰胺） 7-9份；
Na2CO3（烧碱） 6-9份；
C28H59NO10S（蓖麻酸丁酯硫酸三乙醇胺） 2-5份；
C6H18OSi2（聚二甲基硅氧烷） 1-3份；
CO(NH2)2（尿素） 12-18份；
H2O（水） 15-30份。
进一步地，所述步骤S5第二阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：
Na2B4O7·10H2O（硼砂） 15-30份；
H3BO3（硼酸） 2-5份；
C3N6(CH2OH)6（六甲醇基三聚氰胺） 10-18份；
(NH4)2HPO4（磷酸二铵） 18-22份；
Zn3(PO)4（磷酸锌） 2-8份；
Ti(SO4)2（硫酸钛） 1-3份；
H2O（水） 22-35份。
有益效果
本发明的有益效果如下：
（1）、本发明通过采用聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝、碳纤维丝以及陶瓷纤维丝混纺成网状坯布，聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维具有耐热、高强度、高耐磨、柔软性好、低收缩性、化学结构稳定、燃烧无熔滴、不产生毒气等优点，其阻燃特性是由其自身化学结构所决定的，因而是一种永久性阻燃纤维；碳纤维具有良好的耐高温性及耐腐蚀性，并且能够吸收燃烧中产生的可燃气体及有毒气体；陶瓷纤维有重量轻、耐高温、热容小、高温绝热性能良好、无毒性等优点，其低导热率的特性能使其作为很好的隔热材料，以上三种纤维原料分别具有独特的隔热阻燃特性，按照质量比为9:1:8的比例混纺在一起后能起到相互弥补、相互增强的作用。增大纤维丝直径能有效降低其导热率，起到隔热效果，但纤维直径太大会导致其比表面积减少，从而减少了附着在其表面上的阻燃剂，并且纤维直径越大也会导致纤维间的空隙增大，增加了可燃气体通过的空间，因此直径为6-14μm的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝，直径为3-5μm碳纤维丝，直径为4-6μm陶瓷纤维丝能达最好的兼顾隔热和阻燃的效果。
（2）、本发明采用C8H24O12P2S、C3N6(CH2OH)6、Na2CO3、C28H59NO10S、C6H18OSi2、CO(NH2)2、H2O作为第一阻燃剂，C8H24O12P2S相较于THPC不会分解产生甲醛，对人体产生危害，且作为有机磷阻燃剂，其阻燃效果更佳稳定，在高温时会在纤维分子间交联，形成稳定的阻燃聚合固体物质，有效的阻止聚合物进一步地裂解，并且能阻止其内部的热分解产生物进入气相参与燃烧过程；C3N6(CH2OH)6作为一种热固性胶黏剂，通过界面的黏附和内聚等作用将阻燃剂与布料纤维粘合在一起，且在高温处理下变的不溶于水，可以防止阻燃剂被水洗去；C28H59NO10S作为一种渗透剂，能有效的将阻燃剂渗透入布料纤维当中，增加了其耐洗性，使布料不随水洗次数增多而阻燃性能降低；C6H18OSi2作为一种柔软剂可以一定程度的缓解布料因经过阻燃整理而变的粗糙，使布料摸上去手感比较柔软，增强了其舒适性；CO(NH2)2在高温下吸热分解释放出大量的氮气、二氧化碳等不燃气体，使纤维裂解处的可燃气体浓度被稀释至燃烧极限一下，或使火焰中心处部分区域的氧气不足，有效抑制布料的继续燃烧。
（3）、本发明采用Na2B4O7·10H2O、H3BO3、(NH4)2HPO4、Zn3(PO)4、C3N6(CH2OH)6、Ti(SO4)2以及H2O作为第二阻燃剂，其中Na2B4O7·10H2O与H3BO3混合使用，能在高温下在布料纤维表面上形成具有隔绝作用的覆盖层，阻隔氧气等易燃气体的进入，从而达到阻燃的目的；(NH4)2HPO4、Zn3(PO)4以及Ti(SO4)2都具有热稳定性高、不易挥发、烟气毒性小的特点，它们的添加能提高聚合物的热容，使其在达到分解热温度前能吸收更多的热量，从而提高了其阻燃性能，并且上述这些无机阻燃剂原料价格都相对低廉，有效降低了成本，其缺点是不耐水洗，因此添加了C3N6(CH2OH)6作为胶黏剂，提高了其耐水洗性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1 浸轧：将布料浸轧第一义阻燃剂，第一阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：C8H24O12P2S 20份，C3N6(CH2OH)6 7份，Na2CO3 6份，C28H59NO10S 2份，C6H18OSi2 1份，CO(NH2)2 12份，H2O 15份，浸轧率为65％；
S2 烘干：将浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干30min，烘干温度为85℃；
S3 烘焙：将烘干后的布料放入烘焙箱中烘焙2min，烘焙温度为165℃；
S4 水洗：将烘焙后的布料放入清洗机水洗45min，脱水20min；
S5 二次浸轧：将水洗后的布料浸轧第二阻燃剂，第二阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：Na2B4O7·10H2O 15份，H3BO3 2份，C3N6(CH2OH)6 10份，(NH4)2HPO4 18份，Zn3(PO)4 2份，Ti(SO4)2 1份，H2O 22份浸轧率为60％；
S6 二次烘干：将二次浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干10min，烘干温度为85℃，得到汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布。
进一步地，所述布料为聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝、碳纤维丝以及陶瓷纤维丝按照质量比为8:2:6的比例混纺而成。
进一步地，所述聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝直径为6μm，所述碳纤维丝直径为3μm，陶瓷纤维丝直径为4μm。
实施例2
一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1 浸轧：将布料浸轧第一阻燃剂，第一阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：C8H24O12P2S23份，C3N6(CH2OH)6 8份，Na2CO3 8份，C28H59NO10S 3份，C6H18OSi2 2份，CO(NH2)2 16份，H2O 22份，浸轧率为67％；
S2 烘干：将浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干37min，烘干温度为87℃；
S3 烘焙：将烘干后的布料放入烘焙箱中烘焙3min，烘焙温度为175℃；
S4 水洗：将烘焙后的布料放入清洗机水洗55min，脱水25min；
S5 二次浸轧：将水洗后的布料浸轧第二阻燃剂，第二阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：Na2B4O7·10H2O 22份，H3BO3 3份，C3N6(CH2OH)6 14份，(NH4)2HPO4 20份，Zn3(PO)4 5份，Ti(SO4)2 2份，H2O28份浸轧率为65％；
S6 二次烘干：将二次浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干11min，烘干温度为95℃，得到汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布。
进一步地，所述布料为聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝、碳纤维丝以及陶瓷纤维丝按照质量比为9:1:8的比例混纺而成。
进一步地，所述聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝直径为10μm，所述碳纤维丝直径为4μm，陶瓷纤维丝直径为5μm。
实施例3
一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1 浸轧：将布料浸轧第一阻燃剂，第一阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：C8H24O12P2S25份，C3N6(CH2OH)6 9份，Na2CO3 9份，C28H59NO10S 5份，C6H18OSi2 3份，CO(NH2)2 18份，H2O 30份，浸轧率为70％；
S2 烘干：将浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干45min，烘干温度为90℃；
S3 烘焙：将烘干后的布料放入烘焙箱中烘焙4min，烘焙温度为185℃；
S4 水洗：将烘焙后的布料放入清洗机水洗65min，脱水30min；
S5 二次浸轧：将水洗后的布料浸轧第二阻燃剂，第二阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：Na2B4O7·10H2O30份，H3BO3 5份，C3N6(CH2OH)6 18份，(NH4)2HPO4 22份，Zn3(PO)4 8份，Ti(SO4)2 3份，H2O 5份浸轧率为70％；
S6 二次烘干：将二次浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干12min，烘干温度为105℃，得到汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布。
进一步地，所述布料为聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝、碳纤维丝以及陶瓷纤维丝按照质量比为12:4:9的比例混纺而成。
进一步地，所述聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝直径为14μm，所述碳纤维丝直径为5μm，陶瓷纤维丝直径为6μm。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例2的制备方法相同，不同之处在于除去了S1浸轧步骤。
对比例2
对比例1与实施例2的制备方法相同，不同之处在于除去了S5二次浸轧步骤。
通过对实施例1-实施例3以及对比例1和对比例2分别进行氧指数、损毁长度、续燃时间、阴燃时间、烟密度等级以及烟气毒性检测，检测方法为GA504-2004_阻燃装饰织物，检测结果如下表1所示：
从上表1可以看出同时浸轧过第一阻燃剂和第二阻燃剂要比只浸轧其中一种阻燃剂的布料纤维阻燃效果要好很多，其中实施例2各项检测数值均最好，为最优实施例。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1 浸轧：将布料浸轧第一阻燃剂，浸轧率为65-70％；
S2 烘干：将浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干30-45min，烘干温度为85-90℃；
S3 烘焙：将烘干后的布料放入烘焙箱中烘焙2-4min，烘焙温度为165-185℃；
S4 水洗：将烘焙后的布料放入清洗机水洗45-65min，脱水20-30min；
S5 二次浸轧：将水洗后的布料浸轧第二阻燃剂，浸轧率为60-70％；
S6 二次烘干：将二次浸轧后的布料放入烘干箱中烘干10-12min，烘干温度为85-105℃，得到汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，其特征在于，所述布料为聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝、碳纤维丝以及陶瓷纤维丝按照质量比为（8-12）:（2-4）:（6-9）的比例混纺而成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，其特征在于，所述布料为聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝、碳纤维丝以及陶瓷纤维丝按照质量比为9:1:8的比例混纺而成。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，其特征在于，所述聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺纤维丝直径为6-14μm，所述碳纤维丝直径为3-5μm，陶瓷纤维丝直径为4-6μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中所述第一阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：
C8H24O12P2S 20-25份；
C3N6(CH2OH)6 7-9份；
Na2CO3 6-9份；
C28H59NO10S 2-5份；
C6H18OSi2 1-3份；
CO(NH2)2 12-18份；
H2O 15-30份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车内饰用阻燃隔热网布的制作方法，其特征在于，步骤S5中所述第二阻燃剂由以下组分按照重量份组成：
Na2B4O7·10H2O 15-30份；
H3BO3 2-5份；
C3N6(CH2OH)6 10-18份；
(NH4)2HPO4 18-22份；
Zn3(PO)4 2-8份；
Ti(SO4)2 1-3份；
H2O 22-35份。
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