CN109023165B - Three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109023165B CN109023165B CN201811206218.7A CN201811206218A CN109023165B CN 109023165 B CN109023165 B CN 109023165B CN 201811206218 A CN201811206218 A CN 201811206218A CN 109023165 B CN109023165 B CN 109023165B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/04—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by coating, e.g. with a protective or activated covering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
- C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
- C22C47/12—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/04—Light metals
- C22C49/06—Aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, pretreating carbon fibers; step 2, binding the carbon fiber bundles with fine metal wires to obtain a metal wire carbon fiber composite, and weaving a three-dimensional framework reinforcement by using the metal wire carbon fiber composite; step 3, respectively infiltrating the woven three-dimensional fiber architecture reinforcement with silicon carbide particle slurry and potassium fluozirconate aqueous solution; and 4, placing the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body processed in the previous step into a base material metal liquid, and performing extrusion forming under ultrasonic vibration to obtain the novel metal matrix composite material. The invention utilizes the carbon fiber to weave the three-dimensional fiber framework, realizes the net forming manufacture of the novel metal-based composite material with excellent performance and reinforced by the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement, expands the type and the application range of the metal-based composite material, and has wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, war industry and civil use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of carbon fiber reinforcement, in particular to a three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite has excellent mechanical properties and certain physical properties, has been used as a high-strength high-temperature-resistant material in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, mechanical electronics and the like, and shows great application potential. In recent years, a great deal of research has been conducted by composite researchers on how to effectively utilize high-performance fibers to reinforce aluminum and aluminum alloy substrates with low density and excellent strength and toughness and corrosion resistance to obtain light-weight high-strength composite materials with excellent properties. The reinforcing fiber of the fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material mainly comprises carbon fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, boron fiber and the like, wherein the carbon fiber with high specific strength, high specific stiffness and relatively low price is preferred by people, and the carbon fiber/aluminum composite material is generally considered to be an ideal light-weight high-strength composite material. The carbon fiber as the main supporting body still keeps high strength and elastic modulus at high temperature, thereby endowing the carbon fiber/aluminum composite material with the advantages of high specific strength, high elastic modulus, good wear resistance and electrical conductivity, excellent high-temperature strength, excellent thermal conductivity, dimensional stability at high temperature and the like. Carbon fiber/aluminum composite materials have been widely used for the manufacture of aircraft components, automobile engine parts, sliding parts, packaging materials for computer integrated circuits, substrates for electronic devices, and the like. Throughout the research process of metal-based composite materials at home and abroad, from the viewpoints of simple preparation process and low preparation cost, more attention is paid to particle-reinforced composite materials, and related process technologies for material preparation are developed more mature. Although the particle-reinforced composite material may be prepared at a low cost, the improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite material, such as specific strength, specific stiffness and the like, is limited, which limits the application range of the composite material. In order to greatly improve the mechanical property of the metal matrix composite, the selection of high-performance fibers as a reinforcing phase becomes a main technical development direction. For many years, long and short independent fiber filaments have been used as reinforcements in the preparation and research of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites. The long fibers (also called continuous fibers) are arranged in the matrix with a certain orientation (herein called "one-dimensional fiber reinforcement"), and the short fibers are randomly distributed without orientation. The composite material has anisotropy due to the one-dimensional oriented continuous fibers, high longitudinal tensile strength and electric and heat conduction performance, and low transverse strength; random oriented short fiber reinforcement has similar effects to particle reinforcement, and although isotropic, has limited room for improvement in mechanical properties such as tensile, impact and fatigue. For constructions that require high strength or require high electrical and thermal conductivity in one direction, one-dimensional continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites may be advantageous. However, the manufacturing cost of the one-dimensional long fiber is high, the individual fiber filaments are difficult to be uniformly arranged and distributed, and the preparation process is difficult to control, which limits the application and development of the one-dimensional long fiber reinforced metal matrix composite. Research to date has shown that the advantages of "reinforcing" of one-dimensional long fibers or random short fibers added into the metal matrix are not fully exerted, and the high performance of the fibers is not fully transplanted into the metal matrix composite.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a preparation method of a three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material with excellent mechanical property.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
step 1, pretreating carbon fibers;
step 2, binding the carbon fiber bundles with fine metal wires to obtain a metal wire carbon fiber composite, and weaving a three-dimensional framework reinforcement by using the metal wire carbon fiber composite; in this embodiment, the fine metal wire is a fine aluminum wire.
Step 3, respectively infiltrating the woven three-dimensional fiber architecture reinforcement with silicon carbide particle slurry and potassium fluozirconate aqueous solution;
and 4, extruding and forming the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body processed in the last step and the base metal liquid together under ultrasonic vibration.
Further, the specific steps of step 1 are as follows:
step 1.1, performing degumming, coarsening, sensitizing and activating treatment on carbon fibers;
and step 1.2, carrying out vapor deposition SiC plating treatment on the carbon fiber, and drying after SiC plating.
Further, in the step 2, the method for weaving the three-dimensional framework reinforcement includes that a three-dimensional weaving machine is used for weaving the metal wire carbon fiber composite to obtain the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement, and the shape and the longitude and latitude distance of the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement can be controlled through numerical control programming by the three-dimensional weaving machine.
Further, the specific steps of step 3 are:
3.1, infiltrating silicon carbide particle dissolving pulp into the woven three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement, and drying after infiltration;
and 3.2, soaking the woven three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body in a potassium fluozirconate aqueous solution, and drying after soaking.
Further, the specific steps of step 4 are as follows:
step 4.1, preheating the forming mold to 380-420 ℃, and preheating the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement to 180-220 ℃;
step 4.2, placing the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body into a forming mold, and starting ultrasonic vibration with the vibration frequency of 9000-12000 Hz;
4.3, keeping ultrasonic vibration, pouring base material metal liquid into the forming die, starting an extruder, extruding under the pressure of 30-40Mpa, and carrying out extrusion forming on the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement and the base material metal liquid under the ultrasonic vibration to obtain a composite material workpiece;
and 4.4, according to the volume of the expected composite material, stopping pressurizing after the composite material is crystallized and solidified, cooling and taking out the workpiece.
Further, the carbon fiber is polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber.
A three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite is obtained by extrusion molding of a three-dimensional framework reinforcement and a substrate metal liquid under ultrasonic vibration, wherein the three-dimensional framework reinforcement is a three-dimensional framework reinforcement woven by utilizing a metal wire carbon fiber complex.
Further, the metal wire carbon fiber composite is obtained by jointly binding carbon fiber bundles and metal wires with the same material as the base metal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention selects carbon Fiber as reinforcement, uses the carbon Fiber as 'silk thread', weaves the carbon Fiber as 'silk thread' by a weaving machine, weaves carbon Fiber bundle from three-dimensional space direction to form three-dimensional framework reinforcement, adds the reinforcement into Metal substrate melt in a certain way after proper treatment, applies pressure to solidify the reinforcement to form a novel three-dimensional weaving carbon Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite (3Dimension-Fiber melt Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite, hereinafter referred to as 3D-FW MMC for short). (1) The interlaminar shear strength and the tensile strength are high; (2) high temperature resistance and good shock resistance; (3) the specific rigidity and the specific strength are improved; (4) preforming of any structural shape can be obtained; (5) large-size material members are easily obtained; (6) is convenient for large-scale mechanized production. The invention can weave proper three-dimensional fiber framework, and can realize net forming manufacture of the metal matrix composite material with excellent performance, large size, complex structure and lower cost, which is reinforced by the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement. The 3D-FW MMC widens the type and application range of the metal matrix composite material, and has broad application prospect in the fields of aerospace, weapon industry and civil use.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
A three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
step 1, because the carbon fibers are not monofilaments but fiber bundles, each monofilament needs to be wetted, and the monofilaments of the fiber bundles in the composite material are properly dispersed, so that the carbon fibers need to be pretreated;
the specific steps of the step 1 are as follows:
step 1.1, performing degumming, coarsening, sensitizing and activating treatment on carbon fibers;
and step 1.2, carrying out vapor deposition SiC plating treatment on the carbon fiber, and drying after SiC plating.
And 2, because the carbon fibers are soft and have no rigidity, the three-dimensional space framework is difficult to construct, so that the thin metal wires are used as rigidity assistance, and a three-dimensional weaving machine is adopted to weave the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement. When weaving, binding the fine aluminum wires by using fiber bundles, and weaving the fine aluminum wires and the fine aluminum wires as 'yarns', wherein the structure shape and the longitude and latitude space size can be controlled by numerical control programming, so that a three-dimensional fiber structure reinforcement body similar to the shape of a reinforcement part is woven;
the specific steps of the step 2 are as follows:
binding the carbon fiber bundles with the aluminum wires to obtain a metal wire carbon fiber complex, and then weaving a three-dimensional framework reinforcement by using the metal wire carbon fiber complex;
in the step 2, the method for weaving the three-dimensional framework reinforcement comprises the steps of weaving the metal wire carbon fiber composite by using a three-dimensional weaving machine to obtain the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement, and controlling the shape and the longitude and latitude space size of the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement by numerical control programming.
Step 3, infiltrating silicon carbide particle size dissolving slurry into the woven three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement to facilitate dispersion of fiber yarns under the action of pressure; then soaking the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body in a potassium fluozirconate aqueous solution to improve the wettability of the aluminum melt to the fibers;
and 4, extruding and forming the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body processed in the last step and the base material metal melt together under ultrasonic vibration.
The specific steps of the step 4 are as follows:
step 4.1, preheating the forming mold to 380-420 ℃, and preheating the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement to 180-220 ℃;
step 4.2, placing the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body into a forming mold, and starting ultrasonic vibration with the vibration frequency of 9000-12000 Hz;
and 4.3, keeping ultrasonic vibration, pouring base material metal liquid into the forming die, starting an extruder, extruding under the pressure of 30-40Mpa, and carrying out extrusion forming on the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement and the base material metal liquid under the ultrasonic vibration to obtain the composite material product.
And 4.4, according to the volume of the expected composite material, stopping pressurizing after the composite material is crystallized and solidified, cooling and taking out the workpiece.
A three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite is obtained by extrusion molding of a three-dimensional framework reinforcement and a substrate metal liquid under ultrasonic vibration, wherein the three-dimensional framework reinforcement is a three-dimensional framework reinforcement woven by utilizing a metal wire carbon fiber complex.
In this embodiment, the base metal is a die-cast aluminum alloy.
In this embodiment, the metal wire carbon fiber composite is obtained by jointly binding carbon fiber bundles and fine aluminum wires.
In this embodiment, the carbon fiber is a polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy base materials of different grades before and after reinforcement are tested, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: mechanical property case (as-cast state) of prepared 3D-FW MMC
As can be seen from Table 1, the 3D-FW MMC prepared by the method of the present invention has 50-80% improvement in yield strength, 30-55% improvement in tensile strength, 8-14% improvement in elastic modulus, and almost no change in plasticity and toughness, compared to the substrate without reinforcement.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, pretreating carbon fibers;
step 2, binding the carbon fiber bundles with fine metal wires to obtain a metal wire carbon fiber composite, and then weaving a three-dimensional framework reinforcement by using the metal wire carbon fiber composite; in the step 2, the method for weaving the three-dimensional framework reinforcement comprises the steps of binding the carbon fiber bundles with the fine metal wires to obtain a metal wire carbon fiber composite, weaving the metal wire carbon fiber composite by using a three-dimensional weaving machine to obtain the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement, and performing numerical control programming control on the shape and the longitude and latitude distance of the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement through the three-dimensional weaving machine;
step 3, respectively infiltrating the woven three-dimensional fiber architecture reinforcement with silicon carbide particle slurry and potassium fluozirconate aqueous solution;
and 4, extruding and forming the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body processed in the last step and the base metal liquid together under ultrasonic vibration.
2. The method for preparing the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the step 1 are as follows:
step 1.1, performing degumming, coarsening, sensitizing and activating treatment on carbon fibers;
and step 1.2, carrying out vapor deposition SiC plating treatment on the carbon fiber, and drying after SiC plating.
3. The method for preparing the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the step 3 are as follows:
3.1, infiltrating silicon carbide particle dissolving pulp into the woven three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement, and drying after infiltration;
and 3.2, soaking the woven three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement body in a potassium fluozirconate aqueous solution, and drying after soaking.
4. The method for preparing the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the step 4 are as follows:
step 4.1, preheating the forming mold to 380-420 ℃, and preheating the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement to 180-220 ℃;
step 4.2, putting the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement into a forming die;
step 4.3, starting ultrasonic vibration with the vibration frequency of 9000-12000 Hz; pouring base metal liquid into a forming die, simultaneously starting an extruder, extruding under the pressure of 30-40MPa, and carrying out extrusion forming on the three-dimensional fiber framework reinforcement and the base metal liquid under ultrasonic vibration to obtain a composite material part;
and 4.4, according to the volume of the expected composite material, stopping pressurizing after the composite material is crystallized and solidified, cooling and taking out the workpiece.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon fibers are polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers.
6. A three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material is obtained by extrusion molding of a three-dimensional framework reinforcement and a substrate metal liquid together under ultrasonic vibration, and the three-dimensional framework reinforcement is a three-dimensional framework reinforcement woven by a metal wire carbon fiber composite body.
7. The three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material according to claim 6, wherein the metal wire-carbon fiber composite is obtained by binding carbon fiber bundles and metal wires together, and the metal wires are made of the same material as the base metal.
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| CN111893406B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-17 | 西安理工大学 | Composite material wire drawing die and preparation method thereof |
| CN113355610B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-11-04 | 中北大学 | Metal wire reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20211230 Address after: 312066 room 201-208, R & D workshop, building 2, north of Sanjiang Road, Doumen street, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Shangchen (Zhejiang Shaoxing) composite material technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518109 708, Huiyi building, 9 Zhongxin Road, Taoyuan community, Dalang street, Longhua District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Shenzhen Hongyue Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Effective date of registration: 20211230 Address after: 518109 708, Huiyi building, 9 Zhongxin Road, Taoyuan community, Dalang street, Longhua District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Shenzhen Hongyue Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430073 No. 1 Textile Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Patentee before: Wuhan Textile University |