CN109000561A - For measuring the measuring device and its measurement method of sea cave volume - Google Patents
For measuring the measuring device and its measurement method of sea cave volume Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于测量海蚀洞体积的测量装置及其测量方法，包括基座、竖杆、支架和激光测距仪，竖杆设置在基座上，支架安装于竖杆上，所述支架具有一横杆，横杆一端固接刻度盘。所述刻度盘上设置有夹座，该夹座与刻度盘转动连接，激光测距仪安装在夹座上，夹座固装有指针，用于指示激光测距仪的旋转角度。通过设置在夹座的指针配合刻度盘测量激光测距仪在水平方向旋转不同角度的角度和距离，并通过竖杆配合支架固定测量激光测距仪在竖直方向的高度，利用绘图软件绘制得到不同高度上的海蚀洞水平剖面形态并测量出体积，通过公式计算得到不同高度上的海蚀洞体积，将求得的体积相加即得海蚀洞总体积。本发明所述的装置结构简单，操作方便快捷。
The invention discloses a measuring device for measuring the volume of a sea cave and a measuring method thereof, comprising a base, a vertical rod, a bracket and a laser rangefinder, the vertical rod is arranged on the base, the bracket is installed on the vertical rod, and the The support has a cross bar, and one end of the cross bar is fixedly connected with the dial. The dial is provided with a clamping seat, which is rotatably connected with the dial, the laser range finder is installed on the clamping seat, and the clamping seat is fixedly equipped with a pointer for indicating the rotation angle of the laser range finder. Measure the angle and distance of the laser rangefinder at different angles in the horizontal direction through the pointer set on the holder and the dial, and measure the height of the laser rangefinder in the vertical direction through the vertical rod and the bracket, and use the drawing software to draw it. The horizontal profile of the sea caves at different heights is measured and the volume is measured. The volume of the sea caves at different heights is calculated by the formula, and the total volume of the sea caves is obtained by adding the calculated volumes. The device of the invention has simple structure and convenient and fast operation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及海岸带地质灾害领域，具体涉及一种用于测量海蚀洞体积的测量装置及其测量方法。The invention relates to the field of geological hazards in coastal zones, in particular to a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring the volume of sea caves.
背景技术Background technique
海蚀洞是岩质海崖的软弱部位被波浪侵蚀后形成的洞穴，与陆地洞穴的形成机理不同，海蚀洞是波浪机械侵蚀导致的。岩质海崖的节理裂隙、软弱夹层和软弱岩脉等部位容易被波浪侵蚀，进而发生崩塌、破碎等，逐渐形成海蚀洞。当波浪冲向海蚀洞内时，在洞内会引起巨大的空气压力，波浪远离海蚀洞时，空气压力消散，海蚀洞围岩在这种循环压力作用下强度不断弱化，逐渐侵蚀、破碎，导致海蚀洞体积越来越大。海蚀洞的体积大小不等，高宽从数十米至数十厘米都有分布。测量海蚀洞的体积，对于了解海崖的侵蚀机理、明确波浪条件与侵蚀量的关系和海蚀洞的发展过程等都具有重要意义。对于体积较大的海蚀洞，可以借助全站仪、水准仪等仪器进行量测，并借助数学方法计算其体积；然而对于体积较小的海蚀洞，人员无法进入，故传统的测量仪器无法使用。Sea caves are caves formed after the weak parts of rocky sea cliffs are eroded by waves. Different from the formation mechanism of land caves, sea caves are caused by mechanical erosion of waves. The joints, fissures, weak interlayers and weak dikes of rocky sea cliffs are easily eroded by waves, and then collapse and break, gradually forming sea caves. When the wave rushes into the sea cave, it will cause a huge air pressure in the cave. When the wave is far away from the sea cave, the air pressure will dissipate. Sea caves are getting bigger and bigger. Sea caves vary in size, with heights and widths ranging from tens of meters to tens of centimeters. Measuring the volume of sea caves is of great significance for understanding the erosion mechanism of sea cliffs, clarifying the relationship between wave conditions and erosion, and the development process of sea caves. Larger sea caves can be measured with instruments such as total stations and levels, and their volume can be calculated by mathematical methods; however, for smaller sea caves, personnel cannot enter, so traditional measuring instruments cannot be used.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种用于测量海蚀洞体积的测量装置及其测量方法，其克服了背景技术中存在的技术问题。The invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method for measuring the volume of sea caves, which overcome the technical problems in the background technology.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之一是：One of the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:
一种用于测量海蚀洞体积的测量装置，包括基座、竖杆、支架和激光测距仪，所述竖杆设置在基座上，所述支架安装于所述竖杆上且能沿该竖杆上下移动，所述支架具有一横杆，所述横杆一端固接有刻度盘；A measuring device for measuring the volume of a sea cave, comprising a base, a vertical rod, a bracket and a laser range finder, the vertical rod is arranged on the base, the bracket is installed on the vertical rod and can The vertical bar moves up and down, the bracket has a horizontal bar, and a dial is fixedly connected to one end of the horizontal bar;
所述刻度盘上设置有一夹座，该夹座与所述刻度盘转动连接，所述激光测距仪安装在所述夹座上，所述夹座上固装有指针，所述指针一端指向所述刻度盘，用于指示所述激光测距仪的旋转角度。The dial is provided with a clamp seat, which is rotatably connected with the dial, the laser rangefinder is installed on the clamp seat, and a pointer is fixed on the clamp seat, and one end of the pointer points to The dial is used to indicate the rotation angle of the laser rangefinder.
较佳实施例中，所述刻度盘中心位置开设有钻孔，所述夹座通过该钻孔与所述刻度盘转动连接。In a preferred embodiment, a drill hole is provided at the center of the dial, and the clamp seat is rotatably connected with the dial through the drill hole.
较佳实施例中，所述支架包括套筒和至少两个锁固螺栓，所述套筒适配套设于竖杆上且通过所述螺栓锁紧固定于所述竖杆上；所述横杆固接所述套筒一侧，所述横杆与竖杆垂直设置。In a preferred embodiment, the bracket includes a sleeve and at least two locking bolts, the sleeve is adapted to fit on the vertical bar and is locked and fixed on the vertical bar by the bolt; the horizontal bar The rod is fixedly connected to one side of the sleeve, and the horizontal rod is vertically arranged with the vertical rod.
较佳实施例中，所述基座上设置有若干个水平泡。In a preferred embodiment, several horizontal bubbles are arranged on the base.
较佳实施例中，所述竖杆和刻度盘均设置有刻度，所述刻度盘为圆形。In a preferred embodiment, both the vertical bar and the dial are provided with scales, and the dial is circular.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之二是：Two of the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are:
用于测量海蚀洞体积的测量方法，包括以下步骤：A measurement method for measuring the volume of sea caves, including the following steps:
(1)在海蚀洞洞口处将两侧的洞口两边缘连线，在海蚀洞外侧做出连线的平行线作为基线；(1) At the entrance of the sea cave, connect the two edges of the cave on both sides, and draw a parallel line outside the sea cave as the baseline;
(2)在基线上放置基座，调整基座使基座与海蚀洞的最底位置相对齐并保持水平状态，竖杆设置在基座顶面；(2) Place the pedestal on the baseline, adjust the pedestal so that the pedestal is aligned with the bottom of the sea cave and maintain a horizontal state, and the vertical rod is set on the top surface of the pedestal;
(3)将套筒套设于竖杆上并向下调节至距基座高度为H1处，将套筒固定并转动夹座，将激光测距仪发出的点对准海蚀洞的最左边缘处，读取刻度盘得到旋转角度为α11，激光测距仪测出的距离为L11；(3) Set the sleeve on the vertical rod and adjust it downward to a height of H 1 from the base, fix the sleeve and turn the holder, and align the point emitted by the laser range finder with the leftmost of the sea cave At the edge, the rotation angle obtained by reading the dial is α 11 , and the distance measured by the laser range finder is L 11 ;
(4)向右旋转夹座，使得激光测距仪发出的点向海蚀洞内部移动，每次旋转2-5°，记录旋转角度和距离，第j次旋转时的角度为α1j，距离为L1j，直至激光测距仪发出的点到达海蚀洞右侧最边缘处，得到高度为H1cm处海蚀洞的水平剖面数据；(4) Rotate the holder to the right, so that the point emitted by the laser range finder moves to the interior of the sea cave, rotate 2-5° each time, record the rotation angle and distance, the angle at the jth rotation is α 1j , and the distance is L 1j , until the point sent by the laser range finder reaches the rightmost edge of the sea cave, and the horizontal section data of the sea cave at a height of H1cm is obtained;
(5)以预设的高度向上调节套筒，分别得到高度为Hi时，各个位置的旋转角度αij和距离Lij，直至激光测距仪到达海蚀洞的最顶端，其中Hi和Lij的单位均为cm；(5) Adjust the sleeve upwards at the preset height to obtain the rotation angle α ij and the distance L ij of each position when the height is H i , until the laser rangefinder reaches the top of the sea cave, where H i and L The unit of ij is cm;
(6)在Auto-CAD软件上进行绘制，绘制一个点代表激光测距仪的位置，根据角度αij和距离Lij绘制出点Dij，将各个点Dij采用样条曲线连线，得到海蚀洞在不同高度处的剖面形态，将样条曲线的首尾采用直线相连，利用Auto-CAD软件自带的面积测量功能，测量出样条曲线和直线包围的面积Aj；(6) Draw on the Auto-CAD software, draw a point to represent the position of the laser range finder, draw the point D ij according to the angle α ij and the distance L ij , connect each point D ij with a spline curve, and get For the cross-sectional shape of sea caves at different heights, connect the spline curves with straight lines, and use the area measurement function of the Auto-CAD software to measure the area A j surrounded by the spline curves and the straight lines;
(7)根据公式计算海蚀洞的体积V，单位为m3。(7) According to the formula Calculate the volume V of the sea cave, in m 3 .
优选地，步骤(3)中，通过调节水平泡调整基座至水平状态。Preferably, in step (3), the base is adjusted to a horizontal state by adjusting the level bubble.
相比于现有技术，它具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:
通过设置在夹座上的指针配合刻度盘测量出激光测距仪在水平方向上旋转不同角度时的角度和距离，并计算通过竖杆配合支架固定并测量出激光测距仪在竖直方向上的高度，利用Auto-CAD软件绘制得到在不同高度上的海蚀洞水平剖面形态并测量出体积，通过公式计算得到在不同高度上的海蚀洞体积，将求得的体积相加即可得海蚀洞的总体积。本发明所述的测量装置结构简单，操作方便快捷。Measure the angle and distance of the laser rangefinder when it rotates at different angles in the horizontal direction through the pointer set on the clamp seat and the dial, and calculate and fix the vertical rod with the bracket to measure the laser rangefinder in the vertical direction Use Auto-CAD software to draw the horizontal profile of the sea cave at different heights and measure the volume, calculate the volume of the sea cave at different heights by formula, and add the calculated volumes to get the sea cave of the total volume. The measuring device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenient and fast operation.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
图1为本发明的测量装置的立面图；Fig. 1 is the elevation view of measuring device of the present invention;
图2为本发明的刻度盘及夹座的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dial and the holder of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例：Example:
请查阅图1和图2，本发明提供了一种用于测量海蚀洞体积的测量装置，包括基座1、竖杆2、支架3和激光测距仪(图中未示出)。Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a measuring device for measuring the volume of sea caves, including a base 1, a vertical pole 2, a bracket 3 and a laser range finder (not shown).
具体结构中，所述竖杆2设置在基座1上，所述支架3安装于所述竖杆2上且能沿该竖杆2上下移动，所述支架3具有一横杆31，所述横杆31一端固接有刻度盘4，所述刻度盘4上设置有一夹座5，该夹座5与所述刻度盘4转动连接，所述激光测距仪安装在所述夹座5上，所述夹座5上固装有指针51，所述指针51一端指向所述刻度盘4，用于指示所述激光测距仪的旋转角度。In the specific structure, the vertical bar 2 is arranged on the base 1, the support 3 is installed on the vertical bar 2 and can move up and down along the vertical bar 2, the support 3 has a cross bar 31, the One end of the cross bar 31 is fixedly connected with a dial 4, and the dial 4 is provided with a clamping seat 5, which is rotatably connected with the dial 4, and the laser range finder is installed on the clamping seat 5 A pointer 51 is fixedly mounted on the holder 5, and one end of the pointer 51 points to the dial 4 for indicating the rotation angle of the laser range finder.
本实施例中，所述基座1由钢板制成，呈扁平的立方体，且该基座1上设置有四个水平泡(图中未示出)，通过调节该四个水平泡将基座调整至水平状态。In this embodiment, the base 1 is made of steel plate and is a flat cube, and the base 1 is provided with four horizontal bubbles (not shown in the figure), and the base is adjusted by adjusting the four horizontal bubbles. Adjust to level.
本实施例中，所述刻度盘4为半圆形，且该半圆形刻度盘4的直径边端部焊接在横杆31的端部以实现固定。所述刻度盘4中心位置开设有钻孔41，所述夹座5通过该钻孔41与所述刻度盘4转动连接。In this embodiment, the dial 4 is semicircular, and the end of the diameter side of the semicircular dial 4 is welded to the end of the cross bar 31 for fixing. A bore hole 41 is opened at the center of the dial 4 , and the holder 5 is rotatably connected with the dial 4 through the bore 41 .
本实施例中，所述支架3还包括套筒32和两个锁固螺栓33，所述套筒32适配套设于竖杆2上，所述套筒32上开设有两个螺孔(图中未示出)，该两个锁固螺栓33适配螺接所述两个螺孔以将所述套筒32锁紧固定于横杆31上。具体地，所述横杆31固接所述套筒32一侧，所述横杆31与竖杆2垂直设置。In this embodiment, the bracket 3 also includes a sleeve 32 and two locking bolts 33, the sleeve 32 is adapted to fit on the vertical rod 2, and the sleeve 32 is provided with two screw holes ( not shown in the figure), the two locking bolts 33 are adapted to be screwed into the two screw holes to lock and fix the sleeve 32 on the cross bar 31 . Specifically, the cross bar 31 is fixed to one side of the sleeve 32 , and the cross bar 31 is perpendicular to the vertical bar 2 .
本实施例中，所述竖杆2采用方形铝合金管制造成型，具有一定的刚度和强度，并且该竖杆2上标有尺度刻度线，最小的刻度线单位为cm。所述刻度盘4标有刻度，最小精度为1°。所述夹座5呈长方体，采用塑料制作成型。In this embodiment, the vertical bar 2 is made of a square aluminum alloy tube, which has certain rigidity and strength, and the vertical bar 2 is marked with scale marks, and the smallest scale line unit is cm. The dial 4 is marked with graduations with a minimum accuracy of 1°. The clamping seat 5 is a cuboid and is made of plastic.
具体地，本发明测量海蚀洞体积的测量方法包括以下步骤：Specifically, the method for measuring the volume of sea caves in the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)在海蚀洞洞口处将两侧的洞口两边缘连线，在海蚀洞外侧做出连线的平行线作为基线；(1) At the entrance of the sea cave, connect the two edges of the cave on both sides, and draw a parallel line outside the sea cave as the baseline;
(2)在基线上放置基座1，调整基座使基座1与海蚀洞的最底位置相对齐并保持水平状态，竖杆2设置在基座1顶面；(2) Place the base 1 on the baseline, adjust the base so that the base 1 is aligned with the bottom of the sea cave and maintain a horizontal state, and the vertical rod 2 is arranged on the top surface of the base 1;
(3)将套筒32套设于竖杆2上并向下调节至距基座高度为H1处，将套筒32固定并转动夹座5，将激光测距仪发出的点对准海蚀洞的最左边缘处，读取刻度盘4得到旋转角度为α11，激光测距仪测出的距离为L11；(3) Set the sleeve 32 on the vertical rod 2 and adjust it downward to a height of H1 from the base, fix the sleeve 32 and turn the holder 5, and align the point emitted by the laser range finder with the sea erosion At the leftmost edge of the hole, read the dial 4 to get the rotation angle α 11 , and the distance measured by the laser range finder is L 11 ;
(4)向右旋转夹座5，使得激光测距仪发出的点向海蚀洞内部移动，每次旋转2-5°，记录旋转角度和距离，第j次旋转时的角度为α1j，距离为L1j，直至激光测距仪发出的点到达海蚀洞右侧最边缘处，得到高度为H1cm处海蚀洞的水平剖面数据；(4) Rotate the holder 5 to the right, so that the point emitted by the laser range finder moves to the interior of the sea cave, rotate 2-5° each time, record the rotation angle and distance, the angle at the jth rotation is α 1j , and the distance is L 1j , until the point sent by the laser range finder reaches the rightmost edge of the sea cave, and the horizontal section data of the sea cave at a height of H 1 cm is obtained;
(5)以预设的高度向上调节套筒32，分别得到高度为Hi时，各个位置的旋转角度αij和距离Lij，直至激光测距仪到达海蚀洞的最顶端，其中Hi和Lij的单位均为cm；(5) Adjust the sleeve 32 upwards at a preset height to obtain the rotation angle α ij and the distance L ij of each position when the height is H i respectively, until the laser rangefinder reaches the top of the sea cave, where H i and The unit of L ij is cm;
(6)在Auto-CAD软件上进行绘制，绘制一个点代表激光测距仪的位置，根据角度αij和距离Lij绘制出点Dij，将各个点Dij采用样条曲线连线，得到海蚀洞在不同高度处的剖面形态，将样条曲线的首尾采用直线相连，利用Auto-CAD软件自带的面积测量功能，测量出样条曲线和直线包围的面积Aj；(6) Draw on the Auto-CAD software, draw a point to represent the position of the laser range finder, draw the point D ij according to the angle α ij and the distance L ij , connect each point D ij with a spline curve, and get For the cross-sectional shape of sea caves at different heights, connect the spline curves with straight lines, and use the area measurement function of the Auto-CAD software to measure the area A j surrounded by the spline curves and the straight lines;
(7)根据公式计算海蚀洞的体积V，单位为m3。(7) According to the formula Calculate the volume V of the sea cave, in m 3 .
优选地，步骤(3)中，通过调节水平泡调整基座1至水平状态。Preferably, in step (3), the base 1 is adjusted to a horizontal state by adjusting the level bubble.
本实施例中，H1选取为5cm，测得在H1＝5cm处的海蚀洞水平剖面数据，代表海蚀洞高度在0-10cm处的剖面特征。以预设10cm的高度向上调节套筒，测得在H2＝15cm处的海蚀洞水平剖面数据，代表海蚀洞高度在10-20cm处的剖面特征，以此类推。In this embodiment, H 1 is selected as 5 cm, and the sea cave horizontal section data measured at H 1 =5 cm represents the profile characteristics of the sea cave at a height of 0-10 cm. Adjust the sleeve upward at a preset height of 10cm, and measure the sea cave horizontal section data at H 2 =15cm, which represents the profile characteristics of the sea cave at a height of 10-20cm, and so on.
本发明通过设置在夹座上的指针配合刻度盘测量出激光测距仪在水平方向上旋转不同角度时的角度和距离，并计算通过竖杆配合支架固定并测量出激光测距仪在竖直方向上的高度，利用Auto-CAD软件绘制得到在不同高度上的海蚀洞水平剖面形态并测量出体积，通过公式计算得到在不同高度上的海蚀洞体积，将求得的体积相加即可得海蚀洞的总体积。本发明所述的测量装置结构简单，操作方便快捷。The present invention measures the angle and distance of the laser range finder when it rotates at different angles in the horizontal direction through the pointer arranged on the clip seat and cooperates with the dial, and calculates and measures the vertical position of the laser range finder by fixing the vertical bar with the bracket. The height in the direction, using Auto-CAD software to draw the horizontal section shape of the sea cave at different heights and measure the volume, calculate the volume of the sea cave at different heights through the formula, and add the obtained volumes to get The total volume of sea caves. The measuring device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenient and fast operation.
上述仅为本发明的一个具体实施例，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, any insubstantial changes to the present invention by using this concept should be an act of violating the protection scope of the present invention.
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