CN108998790A - A kind of aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN108998790A CN108998790A CN201810952377.5A CN201810952377A CN108998790A CN 108998790 A CN108998790 A CN 108998790A CN 201810952377 A CN201810952377 A CN 201810952377A CN 108998790 A CN108998790 A CN 108998790A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Surface Engineering processing technology fields, more particularly to a kind of aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating, technical process includes pretreatment of raw material, substrate pretreatment, coating cold spraying and coating post-processing totally four steps, compared with prior art, it has the advantage that 1, can quickly prepare a centimetre structural member for rank thickness, be not necessarily to high-temperature high-pressure craft, after post treatment, the tensile strength of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is greater than 220MPa, and porosity is lower than 1.5%；2, process is simple, uniform in material, and consistency is high, 98.5% or more relative density；3, aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is unchanged by heat ageing, corrosion and irradiation test detection, material property；In summary, Boral base composite coating prepared by the present invention has that relative density is high, uniform in material, anticorrosive, heat-proof aging, good r ray and neutron-absorbing performance characteristics, can be applied to nuclear power plant's bunkering screen work, fuel transport, transhipment and neutron shield field.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to Surface Engineering processing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating preparation side
Method, for spraying aluminum-based boron carbide nuke rubbish storage means.
Background technique:
The components such as nuclear power plant's bunkering screen work, fuel transport, transhipment and neutron shield need neutron absorber material, to keep away
Exempt from neutron to external radiation.Common neutron absorber material has lead-boron polythene, boracic polypropylene, cadmium plate, boron steel, boron carbide and aluminium
Base boron carbide etc., wherein aluminum-based boron carbide composite material has aluminium base lightweight, corrosion-resistant and ductile and boron carbide high simultaneously
The characteristic of neutron absorption rate becomes current most commonly used neutron absorber material.Disclosed in Chinese patent 201110169818.2
A kind of chemical substance material that the preparation method of aluminum-based boron carbide neutron absorption board uses are as follows: Al alloy powder, boron carbide powder, titanium
Powder, silicon powder, boric acid crystal, graphite paper, fine sand, magnitude are as follows: with gram be measurement unit aluminium powder: Al975g ± 1g boron carbide
Powder: B4C450g ± 1g titanium valve: Ti30g ± 1g silicon powder: Si30g ± 1g boric acid crystal: B2O3H2O15g ± 1g graphite paper:
C200mm × 300mm fine sand: 10000g ± 100g, the preparation method is as follows: (1) selected chemical substance material is to chemistry needed for preparation
Material will carry out selected, and carry out quality purity control: aluminium powder: 99.5% boron carbide powder of solid powder: solid powder
99.5% titanium valve: 99.5% silicon powder of solid powder: 99.5% boric acid crystal of solid crystals: 99.5% graphite paper of solid powder: Gu
99.5% fine sand of state solid: 1. aluminium powder is placed in stainless by solid state partial size≤1.0mm (2) oxidation processes aluminium powder, boron carbide powder
It in steel container, is subsequently placed in electric furnace, is heated to 450 DEG C ± 5 DEG C, is pre-oxidized, time 60min, at alumina powder；
2. boron carbide powder is placed in rustless steel container, it is subsequently placed in electric furnace, is pre-oxidized, 400 DEG C ± 5 of oxidizing temperature
DEG C, time 90min, at oxidation boron carbide powder；(3) ball milling, sieving by alumina powder, oxidation boron carbide powder, titanium valve, silicon powder, boron
Acid crystal is consumed time 120min respectively, 650 mesh of sieve mesh number, at fine powder, fine powder partial size≤0.02mm after ball milling；(4) mixing is thin
Alumina powder, oxidation boron carbide powder, titanium valve, silicon powder, boric acid crystal fine powder are placed in batch mixer in 65:30:2:2:1 ratio by powder
In, mixing is stirred evenly, at mixing fine powders；(5) 1. powder metallurgy, base are electric in stainless steel mould for powder metallurgy, base
It is carried out in resistance heated press, stainless steel mould is open-close type cuboid, first sticks on graphite paper intracavitary, then will be mixed thin
Powder is added in mold；2. mold and mixing fine powders are placed on press machine, pressurize 260T pre-molding, is then placed in resistance heating
In furnace, it is heated to 500 DEG C ± 5 DEG C；Constant temperature keeps the temperature 30min, is then squeezed with 260T, is continuously heating to 600 DEG C ± 5 DEG C,
Constant temperature, heat preservation 30min, and continue to squeeze with 260T pressure；3. closing resistance-heated furnace, naturally cool to it with furnace
200℃；4. opening stainless steel mould, powder metallurgy billet is taken out；5. it is cooling in fine sand, powder metallurgy billet is embedded to fine sand
In, 25 DEG C are cooled to, at composite plate blank；(6) it is hot extruded into the extruding of rectangular billet of the plate 1. after powder metallurgy, is to open and close
Formula stainless steel mould carries out in heated press；2. mold is installed on press base, it is placed on electric heater,
Lower template is vertically arranged in mold bottom, one layer of graphite paper is uniformly spread in lower template, then by the composite plate after powder metallurgy
Blank is placed in graphite powder top, then uniformly spreads one layer of graphite paper on composite plate top, then cope plate is pressed on graphite paper,
Then the pressure plare of press machine is pressed on cope plate；3. the resistance heater on cracking pressure machine base, heating temperature 550
℃—600℃；4. cracking pressure electromechanics machine, squeezes composite plate blank, press pressure 260T, composite plate is under stress
It is plastically deformed, and is extended around into mold, rectangular plate；5. when composite plate blank and mold inner-cavity size coincide
Afterwards, stop pressurization, make it in a heated state, constant temperature stands 30min；6. closing resistance heater, it is made to naturally cool to 25
℃；7. rising press machine, mould open/close frame is opened, template, composite plate, the compound sheet metal forming of neutron-absorbing are removed；8. neutron is answered
Plywood cutting, finishing periphery, at: 180 × 500 × 5mm aluminum-based boron carbide neutron-absorbing composite board product；(7) at average tempering
Reason is placed in tempering heat treatment furnace the neutron-absorbing composite plate of preparation and carries out average tempering processing, and 450 DEG C ± 5 of tempering temperature
DEG C, time 120min；After tempering, tempering furnace is closed, it is made to naturally cool to 25 DEG C；(8) test, analysis and characterization are to preparation
The pattern of aluminum-based boron carbide neutron absorption board, color, metallurgical structure, microhardness, corrosion resistance, neutron absorption rate carry out
Test, analysis and characterization: neutron absorption rate detection and analysis are carried out with neutron fluence rate instrument；With electron microscope and scanning electron microscope pair
Composite plate cross section, vertical section carry out the analysis of metallographic structure microstructure morphology；Composite plate is carried out with microhardness tester micro-
Hardness analysis；Surface corrosion performance evaluation is carried out with electrochemical corrosion test instrument；Bending resistance, tension point are carried out with universal testing machine
Analysis；Conclusion: Al base B4C neutron absorber plate is canescence rectangular slab, neutron absorption rate >=90%；Boron carbide is evenly distributed, particle
It is tightly combined with basal body interface, matrix microhardness is 185.8HV, and particle microhardness is 2022.2HV, surface corrosion-resistant erosion electricity
Position is -0.45V, and counter-bending angle is >=10 °, tensile strength >=200MPa, elongation after fracture >=1.8%, shrinking percentage of having no progeny >=
1.0%；(9) aluminum-based boron carbide neutron absorption board of preparation is packed in storage with soft material, is stored in dry, clean environment,
Waterproof, moisture-proof, sun-proof, fire prevention, anti-acid-alkali salt is wanted to corrode, 20 DEG C ± 2 DEG C of storage temperature；Relative humidity≤10%；Its exist by
It is unevenly distributed in the boron carbide as neutron absorber, part neutron is radiated outside through plate body, so that neutron can not be by
The problem of plate body effectively absorbs；A kind of composite shielding material disclosed in Chinese patent 201210570726.X is by following weight percentage
The group of ratio is grouped as: the compound of the W or W of 2-30%, the aluminum or aluminum alloy of the B4C of 10-68%, 23-72%, 3-8% its
Its component；The compound of the W or W be W, WO3, W2O5 or W2B5, other components be Ti, Si, Mg, Zr, V, Cr or its
Compound, rare earth element, Y2O3 or La2O3；In other components the compound of Ti, Si, Mg, Zr, V, Cr be TiB2,
TiO2,SiO2,MgO,ZrO2,V2O5,Cr2O3；Wherein, the composite shielding material making step is as follows: Step 1: weighing original
Expect weight percent: the compound of the W or W of 2-30%；The B4C of 10-68%；The aluminum or aluminum alloy of 23-72%；3-8% its
Its component；Step 2: mixing each component material, it is fitted into ball grinder and carries out ball milling, argon gas is injected in ball grinder as protection gas
Atmosphere, Ball-milling Time 2-25h, obtains mixed-powder；Step 3: mixed-powder uses cold isostatic compaction, pressure after being packed into soft mode
For 100-270MPa, time 5-60min；Step 4: cold pressing base is carried out HIP sintering, hot isostatic pressing gas is argon gas,
Temperature is 680-1200 DEG C, pressure 30-150MPa, time 20-180min；Step 5: the material after hot isostatic pressing is through de-
Up to composite shielding material after mould；The ball grinder is stainless steel jar mill, and abrading-ball is sintered carbide ball；Its first isostatic cool pressing at
Shape, then hip treatment, there are complex procedures, higher cost has Al in blank especially when temperature is more than 1000 DEG C4C3
Product is formed, and the mechanical property of material is seriously compromised, and material is caused to occur in more in following process and use process
Portion's defect problem causes moreover, the aluminum substrate in the aluminum-based boron carbide composite material of preparation is subject to the corrosion of boric acid solution
Inevitably trouble.Therefore, the simple aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating of a kind of preparation process of R & D design, makes to make
Standby aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating has material density high, the characteristic of boric acid solution corrosion can be prevented, before having application very much
Scape.
Summary of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to overcome disadvantage of the existing technology, a kind of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating preparation is designed
Method is diffused intensive treatment using cold spraying quick sedimentation process, laser and normative heat treatment, and being prepared has densification
Degree is high and prevents the aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating of boric acid solution corrosion, is suitble to the production of complex structural member.
To achieve the goals above, aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating technical process of the present invention includes original
Material pretreatment, substrate pretreatment, coating cold spraying and coating post-process totally four steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material；Choose the boron carbide powder of Vacuum Package packaging and the mixed-powder or boron carbide of Al alloy powder
The mixing powder of powder and aluminium alloy compound powder is raw material, and the mass ratio of boron carbide powder in the feed is 10-50%, Al alloy powder
Or the mass ratio of aluminium alloy compound powder in the feed is 50-90%, wherein boron carbide powder is the high nuclear leve boron carbide of degree of purity
Powder, the granularity of nuclear leve boron carbide powder are 5-100 μm, and the shape of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is spherical, irregular shape or spherical shape and does not advise
The then mixing of shape, the form factor of nuclear leve boron carbide powder are greater than 0.3, and the granularity of Al alloy powder is 5-75 μm, aluminium alloy compound powder
End is obtained using cladding, ball milling or reactive mode, raw material is placed in 85-95 DEG C of vacuum oven and is dried 15-30min, then
30min or more is shaken on vibrating sieving machine, is uniformly mixed raw material, is completed the pretreatment of raw material；
(2) substrate pre-processes: choose 2 ×, 5 ×, 6 ×, 7 × were or pure aluminum material are as substrate, substrate further includes metal
With the common material and mold materials of ceramics, the chamfering of substrate is greater than 3mm, and diameter and the depth ratio of substrate are greater than 5:1, substrate table
Face machining is polishing to Sa2.5 grades, and the roughness of substrate is 20-80um, wherein the surface of metal base is carried out using Brown Alundum
Sandblasting activation, makes the appearance surfaces uniformity of substrate, without visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, hole, sharpened surface, gap
With painting layer attachment, gas used in sandblasting procedures is to be more than or equal to by the pressure of oil water separator and surge tank
The compressed air of 0.6MPa after derusting by sandblasting, is dusted processing to substrate surface using dust catcher, completes the pre- place of substrate
Reason；
(3) coating cold spraying: the pretreated substrate of step (2) is preheating to 80-120 DEG C, is set using low pressure cold spraying
The technique that standby, high pressure cold spray apparatus or supersonic speed temperature spraying and powder do not suffer from high temperature carries out cold spraying, spraying temperature to substrate
Degree is 350-1100 DEG C, and the angle of spray gun is 45-90 °, spray distance 5-50mm, and powder feeding rate is 0.1-2.5g/s, powder feeding rate
It is matched with the movement speed of spray gun, makes 50-500 μm of the single track deposition thickness of coating, gas used in spraying process is warp
The compressed air of three-stage filtration, the mixed gas of nitrogen, helium or any these types of gas are crossed, the pressure of gas is 0.5-
5MPa, the coating of spraying the setting number of plies and thickness, completes the cold spraying of coating；
(4) coating post-processes: carrying out heat treatment or laser treatment to the coating of step (3) cold spraying, is heat-treated and swashs
Light processing can carry out simultaneously with cold spraying, also can individually carry out after cold spraying, wherein heat treatment is in vacuum drying oven or inertia
It is carried out in atmosphere furnace, the temperature of heat treatment is 350-500 DEG C, and heating gradient is 10 DEG C/min, soaking time 1-3h, is protected
During temperature, apply the pressure of 80-150MPa to coating, to obtain maximum diffusion and bond strength, using furnace cooling or sky
It is cold；Laser treatment is re melting process；Complete the post-processing of coating.
The electrode life of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the present invention is 320h, and tensile strength is greater than 220MPa, phase
98.5% is greater than to density, yield strength is greater than 200MPa, and elongation percentage is greater than 2.5%, 10B/B 19.60-20.20%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have the advantage that 1, can quickly prepare a centimetre structural member for rank thickness,
Without high-temperature high-pressure craft, after post treatment, the tensile strength of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is greater than 220MPa, and porosity is lower than
1.5%；2, process is simple, uniform in material, and consistency is high, 98.5% or more relative density；3, aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating passes through
It is unchanged to cross heat ageing, corrosion and irradiation test detection, material property；In conclusion boron carbide aluminium base prepared by the present invention is multiple
Closing coating has high relative density, uniform in material, anticorrosive, heat-proof aging, good r ray and neutron-absorbing performance characteristics,
Can be applied to nuclear power plant's bunkering screen work, fuel transport, transhipment and neutron shield field.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the macro morphology figure of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the macro morphology figure of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is the microscopic appearance figure of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the microscopic appearance figure of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 6 is the microscopic appearance figure of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 7 is the tensile strength curve synoptic diagram of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 and 3.
Specific embodiment:
It is described further by way of example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1:
The aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating technical process that the present embodiment is related to includes that pretreatment of raw material, substrate are pre-
Processing, coating cold spraying and coating post-process totally four steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material；The mixed-powder of the boron carbide powder and Al alloy powder of choosing Vacuum Package packaging is raw material,
The mass ratio of boron carbide powder in the feed is 10-50%, and the mass ratio of Al alloy powder in the feed is 50-90%, wherein carbonization
Boron powder is the high nuclear leve boron carbide powder of degree of purity, and the granularity of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is 5 μm, and the shape of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is ball
Shape, the form factor of nuclear leve boron carbide powder are greater than 0.3, and the granularity of Al alloy powder is 5 μm, and raw material is placed in 85-95 DEG C of vacuum
15-30min is dried in drying box, then shakes 30min or more on vibrating sieving machine, is uniformly mixed raw material, is completed the pre- place of raw material
Reason；
(2) substrate pre-processes: choose 2 ×, 5 ×, 6 ×, 7 × were or pure aluminum material are as substrate, substrate further includes metal
With the common material and mold materials of ceramics, the chamfering of substrate is greater than 3mm, and diameter and the depth ratio of substrate are greater than 5:1, substrate table
Face machining is polishing to Sa2.5 grades, and the roughness of substrate is 20-80um, wherein the surface of metal base is carried out using Brown Alundum
Sandblasting activation, makes the appearance surfaces uniformity of substrate, without visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, hole, sharpened surface, gap
With painting layer attachment, gas used in sandblasting procedures is to be more than or equal to by the pressure of oil water separator and surge tank
The compressed air of 0.6MPa after derusting by sandblasting, is dusted processing to substrate surface using dust catcher, completes the pre- place of substrate
Reason；
(3) coating cold spraying: the pretreated substrate of step (2) is preheating to 80-120 DEG C, is set using low pressure cold spraying
The technique that standby, high pressure cold spray apparatus or supersonic speed temperature spraying and powder do not suffer from high temperature carries out cold spraying, spraying temperature to substrate
Degree is 350-1100 DEG C, and the angle of spray gun is 45-90 °, spray distance 5-50mm, and powder feeding rate is 0.1-2.5g/s, powder feeding rate
It is matched with the movement speed of spray gun, makes 50-500 μm of the single track deposition thickness of coating, gas used in spraying process is warp
The compressed air of three-stage filtration, the mixed gas of nitrogen, helium or any these types of gas are crossed, the pressure of gas is 0.5-
5MPa, the coating of spraying the setting number of plies and thickness, completes the cold spraying of coating；
(4) coating post-processes: being heat-treated to the coating of step (3) cold spraying, heat treatment can be same with cold spraying
Shi Jinhang also can individually be carried out after cold spraying, wherein heat treatment carries out in vacuum drying oven or atmosphere of inert gases furnace, heat
The temperature of processing is 400 DEG C, and heating gradient is 10 DEG C/min, soaking time 1h, during heat preservation, applies 80MPa's to coating
Pressure, to obtain maximum diffusion and bond strength, using furnace cooling or air-cooled；Complete the post-processing of coating.
The H that aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating manufactured in the present embodiment and concentration are 1molL-12SO4Aqueous solution is placed in reinforcing
It is electrolysed in electrolytic trial slot, test temperature is 40 DEG C, current density 1A/cm2, in 0-24h, the voltage of test flume is
5.2V, in 24-320h, the voltage of test flume drops to 4.5V, and after 320h, the voltage of test flume increases to 7.5V suddenly,
The damage failure of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating, shows: the electrode life of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating is 320h.
The material room temperature tensile strength of aluminum-based boron carbide composite coating manufactured in the present embodiment is greater than 220MPa, relative density
Greater than 98.5%, yield strength is greater than 200MPa, and elongation percentage is greater than 2.5%, 10B/B 19.60-20.20%；Aluminum-based boron carbide
It is unchanged that composite coating is subjected to density after 8000 hours 400 DEG C of thermal aging tests, tensile strength, elongation percentage and 10B/B；Aluminium base carbon
Change boron composite coating to occur after corrosion in 2700ppm boric acid solution 2000 hours without any corrosion phenomenon；Aluminum-based boron carbide is compound
Coating is through 7.09 × 1019 (n/cm of r roentgen dose X 4.75 × 1011 (rad) and fast neutron dosage2) tensile strength is greater than after irradiation
200MPa, elongation percentage are greater than 0.5%.
Embodiment 2:
The aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating technical process that the present embodiment is related to includes that pretreatment of raw material, substrate are pre-
Processing, coating cold spraying and coating post-process totally four steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material；The mixed-powder of the boron carbide powder and Al alloy powder of choosing Vacuum Package packaging is raw material,
The mass ratio of boron carbide powder in the feed is 10-50%, and the mass ratio of Al alloy powder in the feed is 50-90%, wherein carbonization
Boron powder is the high nuclear leve boron carbide powder of degree of purity, and the granularity of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is 44 μm or 58 μm, the shape of nuclear leve boron carbide powder
Shape is spherical shape, and the form factor of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is greater than 0.3, and the granularity of Al alloy powder is 40 μm, and raw material is placed in 85-95 DEG C
Vacuum oven in dry 15-30min, then on vibrating sieving machine shake 30min or more, make raw material be uniformly mixed, complete raw material
Pretreatment；
(2) substrate pre-processes: choose 2 ×, 5 ×, 6 ×, 7 × were or pure aluminum material are as substrate, substrate further includes metal
With the common material and mold materials of ceramics, the chamfering of substrate is greater than 3mm, and diameter and the depth ratio of substrate are greater than 5:1, substrate table
Face machining is polishing to Sa2.5 grades, and the roughness of substrate is 20-80um, wherein the surface of metal base is carried out using Brown Alundum
Sandblasting activation, makes the appearance surfaces uniformity of substrate, without visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, hole, sharpened surface, gap
With painting layer attachment, gas used in sandblasting procedures is to be more than or equal to by the pressure of oil water separator and surge tank
The compressed air of 0.6MPa after derusting by sandblasting, is dusted processing to substrate surface using dust catcher, completes the pre- place of substrate
Reason；
(3) coating cold spraying: the pretreated substrate of step (2) is preheating to 80-120 DEG C, is set using low pressure cold spraying
The technique that standby, high pressure cold spray apparatus or supersonic speed temperature spraying and powder do not suffer from high temperature carries out cold spraying, spraying temperature to substrate
Degree is 350-1100 DEG C, and the angle of spray gun is 45-90 °, spray distance 5-50mm, and powder feeding rate is 0.1-2.5g/s, powder feeding rate
It is matched with the movement speed of spray gun, makes 50-500 μm of the single track deposition thickness of coating, gas used in spraying process is warp
The compressed air of three-stage filtration, the mixed gas of nitrogen, helium or any these types of gas are crossed, the pressure of gas is 0.5-
5MPa, the coating of spraying the setting number of plies and thickness, completes the cold spraying of coating；
(4) coating post-processes: being heat-treated to the coating of step (3) cold spraying, heat treatment can be same with cold spraying
Shi Jinhang also can individually be carried out after cold spraying, wherein heat treatment carries out in vacuum drying oven or atmosphere of inert gases furnace, heat
The temperature of processing is 350 DEG C, and heating gradient is 10 DEG C/min, soaking time 2.5h, during heat preservation, applies 120MPa to coating
Pressure, to obtain maximum diffusion and bond strength, using furnace cooling or air-cooled；Complete the post-processing of coating.
Embodiment 2:
The aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating technical process that the present embodiment is related to includes that pretreatment of raw material, substrate are pre-
Processing, coating cold spraying and coating post-process totally four steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material；The mixed-powder of the boron carbide powder and Al alloy powder of choosing Vacuum Package packaging is raw material,
The mass ratio of boron carbide powder in the feed is 10-50%, and the mass ratio of Al alloy powder in the feed is 50-90%, wherein carbonization
Boron powder is the high nuclear leve boron carbide powder of degree of purity, and the granularity of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is 75 μm or 100 μm, the shape of nuclear leve boron carbide powder
Shape is spherical shape, and the form factor of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is greater than 0.3, and the granularity of Al alloy powder is 75 μm, and raw material is placed in 85-95 DEG C
Vacuum oven in dry 15-30min, then on vibrating sieving machine shake 30min or more, make raw material be uniformly mixed, complete raw material
Pretreatment；
(2) substrate pre-processes: choose 2 ×, 5 ×, 6 ×, 7 × were or pure aluminum material are as substrate, substrate further includes metal
With the common material and mold materials of ceramics, the chamfering of substrate is greater than 3mm, and diameter and the depth ratio of substrate are greater than 5:1, substrate table
Face machining is polishing to Sa2.5 grades, and the roughness of substrate is 20-80um, wherein the surface of metal base is carried out using Brown Alundum
Sandblasting activation, makes the appearance surfaces uniformity of substrate, without visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, hole, sharpened surface, gap
With painting layer attachment, gas used in sandblasting procedures is to be more than or equal to by the pressure of oil water separator and surge tank
The compressed air of 0.6MPa after derusting by sandblasting, is dusted processing to substrate surface using dust catcher, completes the pre- place of substrate
Reason；
(3) coating cold spraying: the pretreated substrate of step (2) is preheating to 80-120 DEG C, is set using low pressure cold spraying
The technique that standby, high pressure cold spray apparatus or supersonic speed temperature spraying and powder do not suffer from high temperature carries out cold spraying, spraying temperature to substrate
Degree is 350-1100 DEG C, and the angle of spray gun is 45-90 °, spray distance 5-50mm, and powder feeding rate is 0.1-2.5g/s, powder feeding rate
It is matched with the movement speed of spray gun, makes 50-500 μm of the single track deposition thickness of coating, gas used in spraying process is warp
The compressed air of three-stage filtration, the mixed gas of nitrogen, helium or any these types of gas are crossed, the pressure of gas is 0.5-
5MPa, the coating of spraying the setting number of plies and thickness, completes the cold spraying of coating；
(4) coating post-processes: being heat-treated to the coating of step (3) cold spraying, heat treatment can be same with cold spraying
Shi Jinhang also can individually be carried out after cold spraying, wherein heat treatment carries out in vacuum drying oven or atmosphere of inert gases furnace, heat
The temperature of processing is 500 DEG C, and heating gradient is 10 DEG C/min, soaking time 3h, during heat preservation, applies 150MPa's to coating
Pressure, to obtain maximum diffusion and bond strength, using furnace cooling or air-cooled；Complete the post-processing of coating.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating, it is characterised in that technical process includes that pretreatment of raw material, substrate are pre-
Processing, coating cold spraying and coating post-process totally four steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw material；Choose Vacuum Package packaging boron carbide powder and Al alloy powder mixed-powder or boron carbide powder and
The mixing powder of aluminium alloy compound powder is raw material, and the mass ratio of boron carbide powder in the feed is 10-50%, Al alloy powder or aluminium
The mass ratio of alloy composite powder in the feed is 50-90%, wherein boron carbide powder is the high nuclear leve boron carbide powder of degree of purity,
The granularity of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is 5-100 μm, and the shape of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is spherical, irregular shape or spherical shape and irregular shape
Mixing, the form factor of nuclear leve boron carbide powder is greater than 0.3, and the granularity of Al alloy powder is 5-75 μm, and aluminium alloy compound powder is adopted
It is obtained with cladding, ball milling or reactive mode, raw material is placed in 85-95 DEG C of vacuum oven and dries 15-30min, then shaken
30min or more is shaken on screen(ing) machine, is uniformly mixed raw material, is completed the pretreatment of raw material；
(2) substrate pre-processes: choose 2 ×, 5 ×, 6 ×, 7 × were or pure aluminum material are as substrate, substrate further includes metal and pottery
The common material and mold materials of porcelain, the chamfering of substrate are greater than 3mm, and diameter and the depth ratio of substrate are greater than 5:1, substrate surface machine
Processing is polishing to Sa2.5 grades, and the roughness of substrate is 20-80um, wherein the surface of metal base carries out sandblasting using Brown Alundum
Activation, makes the appearance surfaces uniformity of substrate, without visible grease, dirt, oxide skin, hole, sharpened surface, gap and oil
Lacquer coat attachment, gas used in sandblasting procedures are to be more than or equal to 0.6MPa by the pressure of oil water separator and surge tank
Compressed air, after derusting by sandblasting, processing is dusted to substrate surface using dust catcher, completes the pretreatment of substrate；
(3) coating cold spraying: the pretreated substrate of step (2) is preheating to 80-120 DEG C, using low pressure cold spray apparatus, height
The technique that pressure cold spray apparatus or supersonic speed temperature spraying and powder do not suffer from high temperature carries out cold spraying to substrate, and spraying temperature is
350-1100 DEG C, the angle of spray gun is 45-90 °, spray distance 5-50mm, and powder feeding rate is 0.1-2.5g/s, powder feeding rate and spray
The movement speed of rifle matches, and makes 50-500 μm of the single track deposition thickness of coating, and gas used in spraying process is by three
Compressed air, the mixed gas of nitrogen, helium or any these types of gas of grade filtering, the pressure of gas is 0.5-5MPa, spray
It is coated with the coating of given layer number and thickness, completes the cold spraying of coating；
(4) coating post-process: to the coating of step (3) cold spraying carry out heat treatment or laser treatment, heat treatment and laser at
Reason can carry out simultaneously with cold spraying, also can individually carry out after cold spraying, wherein heat treatment is in vacuum drying oven or inert gas
It is carried out in atmosphere furnace, the temperature of heat treatment is 350-500 DEG C, and heating gradient is 10 DEG C/min, soaking time 1-3h, soak
Between, apply the pressure of 80-150MPa to coating, to obtain maximum diffusion and bond strength, using furnace cooling or air-cooled；Swash
Light processing is re melting process；Complete the post-processing of coating.
2. aluminum-based boron carbide preparation method of composite coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminium base of preparation is carbonized
The electrode life of boron composite coating is 320h, and tensile strength is greater than 220MPa, and relative density is greater than 98.5%, and yield strength is greater than
200MPa, elongation percentage are greater than 2.5%, 10B/B 19.60-20.20%.
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