CN108998691A - A kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury - Google Patents
A kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108998691A CN108998691A CN201711417968.4A CN201711417968A CN108998691A CN 108998691 A CN108998691 A CN 108998691A CN 201711417968 A CN201711417968 A CN 201711417968A CN 108998691 A CN108998691 A CN 108998691A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mercury
- liquid mercury
- harmless treatment
- treatment liquid
- nontoxic
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C7/00—Alloys based on mercury
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to liquid mercury process fields, discard liquid mercury process field especially in laboratory or in family in the process field of liquid mercury leakage and factory.There are many drawbacks such as processing is incomplete, secondary leakage wind, material therefor are dangerous, generation noxious material in existing liquid mercury processing mode.Present invention the problems such as the practicability is poor, danger level is high solving existing liquid mercury processing method, it proposes to utilize the characteristic that amalgam reaction can occur between mercury and part metals, it is reacted under normal temperature conditions using nontoxic, safe metal and liquid mercury, it is made to be changed into nontoxic stable solid matter.The harmless treatment of mercury is not only realized, while solid matter also easily facilitates storage.
Description
2, the technical field of the invention
The present invention relates to liquid mercury process field, especially in laboratory or liquid mercury leaks in family processing is led
Liquid mercury process field is largely discarded in domain and factory.
3, background technique
Liquid mercury is commonly called as mercury, is widely used in multiple fields, can be applied to process industry chemicals, electronics
Electric equipment products and thermometer (especially high temperature thermometer), are also applied in all kinds of experiments (such as high-pressure mercury experiment).Mercury
It is in a liquid state at room temperature, is the glittering heavy liquid of silvery white, chemical property is stablized, is also insoluble in alkali insoluble in acid, belongs to play
Malicious class (chronic) chemicals.Micro liquid mercury eat it is usually nontoxic, but mercury vapour and mercury salt be all it is hypertoxic, take orally,
It can lead to brain and hepatic injury after sucking or contact.And it can be evaporated under liquid mercury room temperature, therefore when there are liquid mercuries in environment
When, it needs reasonably to be handled in time, avoids it from evaporating or generate extremely toxic substance with other substance reactions.
It can not avoid the leakage of liquid mercury completely during actually using and operating, and much mercury are after use
It is unable to get reasonable processing.It is mainly the following at present for the method for liquid mercury leakage and the processing of useless mercury；1. after collecting
It is put into sealing water bottle, prevents the evaporation of mercury；2. covering liquid mercury using sulphur powder, its reaction is made to generate nonvolatile mercuric sulphide；3
Using nitric acid treatment, reaction generates nonvolatile mercuric nitrate.
On the whole, the 3 kinds of above methods are primarily present problem and shortage:
1. liquid mercury cohesive force is big, it is difficult to stick up and is collected with cotton swab or general adhesive tape.And tiny globule can divide
Being scattered to indoor each corner causes to be difficult to collect.
2. the liquid mercury for collecting sealing is not further processed, it is few and expensive that liquid mercury professional institution is handled at present.Directly
It connects to discard and will cause pollution, save not only occupied space after simple sealing, exist simultaneously the risk leaked again.
3. sulphur is difficult to happen with reacting for mercury under normal temperature condition, mercuric sulphide can not be formed.Even if heating generates mercuric sulphide, sulphur
Changing mercury itself is noxious material, and directly contact can cause skin allergy, needs to wear protective gloves in treatment process, wears protective garment,
It wears safety goggles and wears mask and avoid sucking dust, cigarette, gas, smog, steam and be sprayed, need to be packed into container close
Envelope saves, and processing is extremely inconvenient.Reactant sulphur powder is combustibles, and chance fire can occur quick-fried when sulphur powder reaches a certain concentration in air
It is fried.
4. the product mercuric nitrate that nitric acid is reacted with mercury is extremely toxic substance, while nitric acid has strong corrosivity, uses
It is inconvenient.
Have secondary as it can be seen that since for the processing of liquid mercury leakage, there is no very suitable methods at present.Using safe
Material, fast and harmless processing liquid mercury are the important research directions of current processing mercury leakage.
4, summary of the invention
The present invention for existing liquid mercury processing method the practicability is poor, danger level is high the problems such as, choose amalgam reaction make
For the principle for handling liquid mercury, the mercury of leakage is set to generate nontoxic nonvolatile amalgam by amalgam reaction.Pass through reality
Verifying, zinc, silver, gold, which can quickly be reacted with liquid mercury, generates amalgam, and amalgam property generated is stablized.
It is reacted using nontoxic non-hazardous material with liquid mercury, nontoxic final product is generated, to reach the nothing to liquid mercury
Evilization processing.
Method and step is as follows:
(1) particle or the clast (hereafter using reactant replacement) for choosing tiny zinc or silver or gold first are useless as processing liquid
Bulky grain is preferably processed into little particle by the material of mercury, no little particle or clast.It should be noted that chosen material with
The contact area of liquid mercury is bigger, reacts faster, more complete.Prestissimo may be implemented to liquid mercury using tiny reactant
Processing, while most save material.
(2) composition granule will be reacted and be put into the oxidation film for handling its surface in excessive citric acid solution or clean the surface attachment
Impurity, mode such as attached drawing 1.Material of the nontoxic citric acid as processing surface film oxide and impurity is chosen, at guarantee
Reason effect also can guarantee the safety of process simultaneously.
(3) processed reactant is taken out from citric acid, is spread to the region of mercury leakage.As gathered
Mercury, in mercury can be directly placed into treated reactant.Treated between reactant and mercury in the presence of attracting each other, and directly connects
Touching is reacted.In order to guarantee that the processing to liquid mercury is complete, it should use excessive reactant.Excessive reactant and mercury occur
Reaction effect such as attached drawing 2.
(4) after complete reaction, the amalgam of generation is nontoxic solid matter, can be placed in suitable position, etc.
Wait focus on, without risk of leakage again.
The present invention compares existing method, can reach following effect:
(1) present invention compares existing method, converts amalgam for liquid mercury, largely avoided the wind leaked again
Danger.
(2) liquid mercury can not only be treated as nonvolatile solid by the present invention, while also assure that product is nontoxic,
Realize the harmless treatment to liquid mercury.
(3) material of the present invention is nontoxic, harmless, nonflammable, non-corrosive, and safe operation is reliable.
(4) present invention is suitable for a variety of occasions, and this method can be used in factory, in laboratory and in family.
(5) present invention it is more excellent compared with previous methods for the treatment effect of mercury, using tiny reactant can be scattered
It is thoroughly reacted in the tiny Residual Mercury of edge.
(6) operation of the present invention is simple, and the harmless treatment to useless mercury can be realized under without specific conditions such as heating.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to better understand the technological means of this method, below in conjunction with attached drawing and specific embodiment to this method do into
One step explanation.
Fig. 1 is the operation chart that reactant is handled in this method；
Fig. 2 is using this method mercury and reactant contact condition comparison diagram before and after the processing.
5, specific embodiment
Present method invention is further elaborated in conjunction with example, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.Sieve
Select tiny zinc or silver or gold particle or clast as the material of processing liquid mercury, no little particle or clast preferably will be big
Particle disposal is at little particle.The contact area of reactant and liquid mercury is bigger, reacts faster, more complete.Using tiny particle
Or processing of the prestissimo to liquid mercury may be implemented in clast, while most saving material.Since zinc powder has explosive property,
Unusable zinc powder.
Then reactant is put into the oxidation film and impurity that its surface is handled in citric acid.It should be noted that zinc processing is not
More than 2 minutes, prevents it from excessively reacting with acid, cause to waste.
Processed particle or clast are taken out from citric acid, without cleaning directly by excess particles or clast equably
It is spread to the region of mercury leakage.Building edge must be spread to, and liquid mercury residual can take the circumstances into consideration to increase usage amount compared with multizone.As
The discarded mercury for gathering a part, can directly mix mercury with reactant, and seal shake to make it in firm vial
Fast reaction, it should be noted that total mixture amount must not exceed the half of vial.Reactant is contacted with mercury to react,
Exist between two kinds of substances and attract each other, without heating.In order to guarantee the quick and complete processing to liquid mercury, it should use
The reactant of amount.
After complete reaction, the amalgam of generation is nontoxic substance, all products is put into vial, glass
The generation object amount placed in glass bottle must not exceed the half of vial, by shake, observation of liquid state mercury whether fully reacting.
As uncertain, iodate paper of copper,test is placed on bottleneck and has seen whether that test paper color reddens, reddened and show that there are mercury by opening bottle cap
Steam illustrates liquid mercury not fully reacting.Then vial matter is placed again into the container equipped with excess reactant and is continued instead
It answers, until fully reacting.If test paper is non-discolouring, then the vial equipped with amalgam can properly be saved.It should be noted that
Amalgam is stable and nontoxic in general state, will lead to the separation of mercury and reacting metal when receiving high temperature and scorching.Cause
This is needed far from high temperature or there may be the place storage amalgams of high temperature.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury, it is characterised in that: can be anti-with mercury generation amalgam using nontoxic
The stable metal zinc or silver or gold answered are as reactant.
2. a kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury of according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: material therefor is nontoxic
Harmless, nonflammable, non-explosive solid, it is convenient to save.
3. a kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: used material energy
Enough (normal temperature and pressure) under general condition reacts with mercury, and without heating or pressurizeing etc., other catalysis can react completely.
4. a kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury, it is characterised in that: product generated is nontoxic, nonflammable, no
Explosive stable solid.
5. a kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: product is amalgam conjunction
Gold, it is nontoxic and easily stored.
6. a kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: generated amalgam closes
Mercury in gold will not volatilize mercury vapour, guarantee safety.
7. a kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: generated amalgam closes
Gold is reliable and stable, does not react with vapor and oxygen common in air.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711417968.4A CN108998691A (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | A kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711417968.4A CN108998691A (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | A kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108998691A true CN108998691A (en) | 2018-12-14 |
Family
ID=64573660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711417968.4A Pending CN108998691A (en) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | A kind of method of harmless treatment liquid mercury |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN108998691A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101501807A (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2009-08-05 | 工程吸气公司 | Mercury releasing method |
| CN101960027A (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2011-01-26 | 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 | Amalgam spheres for energy-saving lamps and the manufacture thereof |
-
2017
- 2017-12-25 CN CN201711417968.4A patent/CN108998691A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101501807A (en) * | 2006-07-11 | 2009-08-05 | 工程吸气公司 | Mercury releasing method |
| CN101960027A (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2011-01-26 | 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 | Amalgam spheres for energy-saving lamps and the manufacture thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 孙戬: "《金银冶金》", 28 February 1998 * |
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Application publication date: 20181214 |
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