CN108998478B - Pretreatment process and system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste - Google Patents
Pretreatment process and system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment process and a pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste, wherein the pretreatment of biomass waste, the rough mixing of livestock and poultry breeding manure and the fine mixing of a mixture comprise the following steps: firstly, crushing biomass waste by using a crusher, and then pretreating in an ammoniation pretreatment tank by using biogas slurry; primarily adjusting the solid content and separating silt of the excrement and sewage transported by a breeding plant in a livestock breeding excrement and sewage coarse adjusting pool, and conveying the excrement and sewage into a mixture fine adjusting pool through a pipeline crusher; and finally, mixing the pretreated biomass waste with the feces after coarse adjustment, further adjusting the solid content, preheating the mixture to a temperature range required by anaerobic digestion, and conveying the mixture into an anaerobic digestion tank through a pipeline crusher. The method improves the pretreatment effect of various substrates with different densities and different properties, meets various process parameters required by anaerobic digestion feeding, and ensures the stability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural solid organic waste treatment and recycling, and particularly relates to a pretreatment process and a pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste.
Background
Agricultural solid organic wastes comprise crop stems, aquatic plants, livestock and poultry breeding manure, waste vegetables and the like, and the improper treatment mode can cause resource waste and also seriously pollute the environment. According to incomplete statistics, the annual yield of the straws in China is more than 7 hundred million tons, the breeding feces of the livestock is more than 40 hundred million tons, and the anaerobic digestion technology is widely concerned and adopted due to the characteristics of being green, environment-friendly and sustainable.
The traditional anaerobic digestion technology mainly comprises a pretreatment unit, a core anaerobic digestion gas production unit, a fermentation byproduct treatment unit, a gas purification compression unit and the like. The pretreatment unit is one of the centers of anaerobic digestion technologies, and the pretreatment effect can directly influence the overall operation stability and the digestion gas production rate of subsequent equipment. The pretreatment core comprises the steps of adjusting the solid content of a digestion substrate to be in an appropriate range of anaerobic digestion, preheating the substrate to be in an appropriate digestion temperature range and the like, and is mainly suitable for municipal sludge, kitchen waste, rural livestock breeding manure and the like. The substrate has the characteristics that the density is close to that of water, and the substrate is easy to be mixed with the water to reach a homogeneous state.
For agricultural solid organic wastes, including low-density and difficult-to-degrade cellulose biomass represented by straws and livestock breeding manure with high silt content, the traditional method cannot meet the requirement of anaerobic digestion pretreatment. Research shows that the ammoniation method can effectively improve the microbial degradation performance of cellulose biomass and enables the cellulose biomass to be more easily mixed with other homogeneous substrates to reach a homogeneous state. There are many problems how to achieve moisture content, temperature and homogeneous state suitable for anaerobic digestion after tempering various substrates with different densities.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pretreatment process and a pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste, which can improve the pretreatment effects of various substrates with different densities and different properties, meet various process parameters required by anaerobic digestion feeding and ensure the stability of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the application is as follows: a pretreatment process for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste, comprising: the method comprises the following steps of biomass waste pretreatment, coarse mixing of livestock and poultry breeding manure and fine mixing of a mixture, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing biomass waste to 0.5-2 cm by using a crusher, and then pretreating in an ammoniation pretreatment tank by using biogas slurry; primarily adjusting the solid content and separating silt of the excrement and sewage transported by a breeding plant in a livestock breeding excrement and sewage coarse adjusting pool, and conveying the excrement and sewage into a mixture fine adjusting pool through a pipeline crusher; and finally, mixing the pretreated biomass waste with the feces after coarse adjustment, further adjusting the solid content, preheating the mixture to a temperature range required by anaerobic digestion, and conveying the mixture into an anaerobic digestion tank through a pipeline crusher.
Further, the biomass waste is pretreated by spraying anaerobic digestion residual biogas slurry in an ammoniation pretreatment tank by utilizing the biomass waste crushed by a crusher, uniformly mixing for pretreatment for 3-10 days, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry has a solid content of 40-75%.
Further, roughly adjusting the livestock breeding manure, directly pouring the livestock breeding manure into a rough adjustment tank, adding water into the rough adjustment tank through a sewage inlet pipe, starting a submerged stirrer, controlling the amount of the added sewage by using a laser level meter to adjust the solid content of the manure to 7% -15%, preheating the roughly adjusted manure by using a steam coil pipe to a temperature range required by anaerobic digestion, starting a sand scraper to scrape the silt to a sand receiving hopper, and lifting and discharging the silt to a sand receiving mud tank by using a sand discharge screw for transportation; the materials after coarse adjustment are pumped into a fine adjustment tank by a screw pump through a pipeline crusher.
Further, finely adjusting the mixture, further and uniformly mixing the biomass waste subjected to the ammoniation pretreatment and the roughly adjusted manure by using a stirrer, controlling the amount of added sewage by using a laser level meter to adjust the solid content to 5-15%, and further adjusting the temperature of the mixture to the temperature required by anaerobic digestion by using a heating coil; the finely adjusted materials are pumped into an anaerobic digestion tank by a screw pump through a pipeline crusher.
The application also comprises a pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste, which comprises a biomass waste ammoniation pretreatment tank, a livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank and a mixture fine adjusting tank; a biogas slurry sprayer is arranged above the ammoniation pretreatment tank, the biogas slurry sprayer is provided with a flow controller, a steam coil pipe is arranged in the poultry and livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank, a submerged stirrer is arranged on one side of the poultry and livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank, a scrapping machine extends into the bottom of the poultry and livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank, a sand-receiving mud tank is arranged at the lower part of one end of a sand discharge spiral steel pipe, the other end of the sand discharge spiral steel pipe is arranged on an inclined plane at the bottom of the poultry and livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank, and a sand-receiving hopper is arranged at the lower part of the sand discharge spiral steel pipe at the end; the discharge port of the poultry breeding manure rough adjusting tank is connected to the feed port of the mixture fine adjusting tank through a pipeline crusher and a screw pump, a heating coil is arranged in the mixture fine adjusting tank, the stirrer extends into the mixture fine adjusting tank, and the discharge port of the mixture fine adjusting tank is connected to the anaerobic digestion tank through the pipeline crusher and the screw pump.
Preferably, the biomass waste pretreated by the ammonification pretreatment tank is delivered into the mixture fine-tuning tank by a forklift or by a belt.
Preferably, a temperature probe, a pH probe and a laser liquid level meter are arranged in the poultry and livestock breeding excrement coarse adjusting tank.
Preferably, a temperature probe, a pH probe and a laser liquid level meter are arranged in the mixture fine adjustment tank.
Preferably, one end of the livestock breeding excrement coarse adjusting tank is provided with a gentle slope, and the included angle between the gentle slope and the horizontal plane is 5-30 degrees.
Preferably, the poultry and livestock breeding manure rough adjusting pool and the mixture fine adjusting pool are both 5-40 cm higher than the ground.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following technical effects: aiming at different densities and different properties of substrates subjected to anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste, the pretreatment is realized in the same pretreatment system, the microbial degradation performance of cellulose biomass is improved, and most of silt in livestock breeding manure can be removed. The biogas slurry spraying device is provided with a flowmeter in full consideration of the requirements of technological parameters such as water content and the like, a mud scraper and a sand-receiving mud tank which are arranged in the coarse adjustment tank can collect settled silt and discharge the silt out of the coarse adjustment tank through a sand discharge spiral steel pipe, and the coarse adjustment tank can finish preliminary adjustment and modification of livestock breeding feces through a submerged mixer at the lowest energy consumption. The fine adjustment pool is provided with a stirrer, so that various materials can be fully mixed. The heating mode of the steam coil can lead the temperature of the feces of the livestock to rise rapidly, the heating coil can further precisely adjust the temperature of the mixture, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency and saving energy. The substrates such as livestock breeding manure and the like may contain impurities such as hair, feathers and the like, and may contain incompletely crushed biomass waste, and the substrates can be further cut up after passing through a pipeline crusher to prevent the problem of pipeline blockage. The screw pump has the characteristics of large flux, high lift and no blockage, and the screw pump is used as a main conveying power source, so that the energy consumption can be saved, and the stable operation of the system can be ensured. The two tempering tanks are provided with liquid level, temperature and pH probes, so that the tempering effect can be monitored in real time, and the process stability is ensured.
The system has compact and reasonable design and engineering operability, the pretreated mixed substrate has no straw floating phenomenon, and the feeding requirement of anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste can be completely met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste.
The sequence numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. the system comprises a crusher, 2 parts of an ammoniation pretreatment tank, 3 parts of a biogas slurry sprayer, 4 parts of a sand discharge spiral steel pipe, 5 parts of a sand receiving mud tank, 6 parts of a gentle slope, 7 parts of a steam coil pipe, 8 parts of a sewage inlet pipe, 9 parts of a sand scraper, 10 parts of a sand receiving hopper, 11 parts of a temperature probe, 12 parts of a pH probe, 13 parts of a laser liquid level meter, 14 parts of a submerged stirrer, 15 parts of a pipeline crusher, 16 parts of a screw pump, 17 parts of pretreated biomass waste, 18 parts of a stirrer, 19 parts of a heating coil pipe and 20 parts of an anaerobic digestion tank.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples: this patent is further described by way of example.
Example 1:
1. collecting naturally air-dried corn straws, crushing the corn straws to 1 cm in a crusher, spraying biogas slurry until the water content is about 60%, and uniformly mixing for pretreatment for 9 days.
2. Excrement conveyed by the chicken raising factory is poured into the rough adjusting pool, the gentle slope angle is 15 degrees, and the rough adjusting pool and the fine adjusting pool are 15 centimeters higher than the ground. Simultaneously adding water into the tank, starting a submerged mixer for mixing, and introducing steam into the tank to preheat coarse adjustment of the excrement to 35 ℃;
3. controlling the water adding amount by using a laser liquid level meter to enable the water content of the excrement after rough adjustment to be 92%;
4. after the water content is adjusted, a sand scraper is started to scrape the silt to a silt receiving bucket, and a sand discharge spiral steel pipe is used for lifting and discharging the silt to a silt receiving groove for outward transportation;
5. the material after coarse adjustment is pumped into a fine adjustment tank by a screw pump through a pipeline crusher;
6. adding the straws and coarse-adjustment excrement after the ammoniation pretreatment into a fine adjustment tank;
7. further mixing uniformly by using a stirrer, and controlling the amount of added sewage by using a laser liquid level meter to adjust the solid content to 10%;
8. further adjusting the temperature of the mixture to 40 ℃ by using a heating coil;
9. the finely adjusted materials are pumped into the anaerobic digestion tank body by a screw pump through a pipeline crusher.
The method is implemented in a pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste, and the system comprises a biomass waste ammoniation pretreatment tank, a livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank and a mixture fine adjusting tank. The biogas slurry sprayer in the ammoniation pretreatment tank is provided with a flow controller, so that the biogas slurry spraying volume can be accurately quantified; the bottom of the livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank is provided with a steam coil pipe for preheating and a submerged stirrer for homogenizing, and is provided with a sand scraper, a sand receiving hopper and a sand discharge spiral steel pipe for discharging silt; the fine adjustment tank of the mixture is provided with a stirrer for homogenizing and a heating coil. The biomass waste pretreated by the ammoniation pretreatment tank can be directly sent into the mixture fine adjustment tank through a forklift or indirectly sent into the mixture fine adjustment tank through belt conveying. And (4) rotationally discharging the silt to a silt receiving groove by the sand-discharging spiral steel pipe, and then transporting the silt out.
The above description is only for the purpose of creating a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A pretreatment process for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of biomass waste pretreatment, coarse mixing of livestock and poultry breeding manure and fine mixing of a mixture, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, crushing biomass waste by using a crusher, and then pretreating in an ammoniation pretreatment tank by using biogas slurry; primarily adjusting the solid content and separating silt of the excrement and sewage transported by a breeding plant in a livestock breeding excrement and sewage coarse adjusting pool, and conveying the excrement and sewage into a mixture fine adjusting pool through a pipeline crusher; finally, mixing the pretreated biomass waste with the feces after coarse adjustment, further adjusting the solid content, preheating the mixture to the temperature range required by anaerobic digestion, conveying the mixture into an anaerobic digestion tank through a pipeline crusher, the biomass waste is pretreated by spraying anaerobic digestion residual biogas slurry in an ammoniation pretreatment tank by utilizing the biomass waste crushed by a crusher, the mixture is uniformly pretreated for 3 to 10 days, the spraying amount of the biogas slurry has a solid content of 40 to 75 percent, roughly adjusting livestock breeding manure, directly pouring the livestock breeding manure into a rough adjustment tank, adding water into the rough adjustment tank through a sewage inlet pipe, starting a submerged stirrer, controlling the amount of the added sewage by using a laser level meter to adjust the solid content of the manure to 7% -15%, preheating the roughly adjusted manure by using a steam coil pipe to a temperature range required by anaerobic digestion, starting a sand scraper to scrape silt to a sand receiving hopper, and lifting and discharging the silt to a sand receiving mud tank by using a sand discharge spiral steel pipe for transportation; the materials after coarse adjustment are pumped into a mixture fine adjustment tank by a screw pump through a pipeline crusher.
2. The pretreatment process for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the mixture is finely adjusted, the biomass waste after the ammoniation pretreatment and the coarse-adjustment fecal sewage are further uniformly mixed by using a stirrer, the amount of the sewage added is controlled by using a laser level meter to adjust the solid content to 5% -15%, and the temperature of the mixture is further adjusted to the temperature required by anaerobic digestion by using a heating coil; the finely adjusted materials are pumped into an anaerobic digestion tank by a screw pump through a pipeline crusher.
3. A pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste is characterized by comprising a biomass waste ammoniation pretreatment tank, a livestock and poultry breeding manure rough adjusting tank and a mixture fine adjusting tank; a biogas slurry sprayer is arranged above the ammoniation pretreatment tank, the biogas slurry sprayer is provided with a flow controller, a steam coil pipe is arranged in the poultry breeding excrement coarse adjustment tank, a submerged stirrer is arranged on one side of the poultry breeding excrement coarse adjustment tank, a sand scraper extends into the bottom of the poultry breeding excrement coarse adjustment tank, a sand-receiving mud tank is arranged at the lower part of one end of a sand discharge spiral steel pipe, the other end of the sand discharge spiral steel pipe is arranged on an inclined plane at the bottom of the poultry breeding excrement coarse adjustment tank, and a sand-receiving hopper is arranged at the lower part of the sand discharge spiral steel pipe at the end; the discharge port of the poultry breeding manure rough adjusting tank is connected to the feed port of the mixture fine adjusting tank through a pipeline crusher and a screw pump, a heating coil is arranged in the mixture fine adjusting tank, the stirrer extends into the mixture fine adjusting tank, and the discharge port of the mixture fine adjusting tank is connected to the anaerobic digestion tank through the pipeline crusher and the screw pump.
4. The pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste, according to claim 3, wherein the biomass waste pretreated by the ammoniation pretreatment tank is delivered into the mixture finishing tank by a forklift or by a belt.
5. The pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste according to claim 3, wherein a temperature probe, a pH probe and a laser liquid level meter are arranged in the livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank.
6. The pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste according to claim 3, wherein the fine adjustment tank of the mixture is provided with a temperature probe, a pH probe and a laser liquid level meter.
7. The pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic wastes according to claim 3 or 5, wherein a gentle slope is provided at one end of the livestock breeding manure rough adjusting tank, and the included angle between the gentle slope and the horizontal plane is 5-30 °.
8. The pretreatment system for anaerobic digestion of agricultural solid organic waste according to claim 3, wherein the rough adjusting tank for livestock breeding manure and the fine adjusting tank for mixture are both 5-40 cm higher than the ground.
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| CN102351391A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-02-15 | 大连力达环境工程有限公司 | Dewatered sludge anaerobic digestion pretreatment process and system |
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| CN101775412A (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-07-14 | 南京工业大学 | Method for preparing marsh gas by using lignocellulose |
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| CN103088070A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-08 | 北京化工大学 | Method for producing biogas by combined solid state fermentation of crop straws and excrements of livestocks |
| CN104004793A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-08-27 | 常州大学 | Power generation technology with biogas produced by mixed fermentation of excrement and straws of distributed swine breeder |
| CN105420282A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-23 | 北京化工大学 | Method for improving straw and excrement mixed anaerobic digestion gas production performance by biochemical pretreatment of maize straw |
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