CN107312704B - Dry-type anaerobic fermentation system and method suitable for producing biogas from wide-screening materials - Google Patents
Dry-type anaerobic fermentation system and method suitable for producing biogas from wide-screening materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dry anaerobic fermentation system and a method suitable for producing biogas by wide-screening materials, wherein the system mainly comprises: the device comprises a solar greenhouse, a spiral heating feeder, a boiler, a spiral stirring heating bin, a plunger type feeder, an oil cylinder, a fermentation tank, a spiral discharging machine and a scraper discharging machine, wherein the temperature of materials in the solar greenhouse is kept above zero, the materials enter the spiral heating feeder and are heated to 30-35 ℃, the materials are conveyed to the spiral stirring heating bin under the action of the spiral heating feeder, the materials enter the spiral stirring heating bin and are heated to 38-43 ℃, the materials are kept at 40-43 ℃ in the fermentation tank and are fermented within a specific time, and finally organic materials are recycled and methane is produced. Therefore, the invention provides the dry anaerobic fermentation system and the method for producing the methane with high material concentration, wide granularity range, low energy consumption and less waste liquid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy development and environmental protection, in particular to a dry anaerobic fermentation system and a dry anaerobic fermentation method suitable for producing biogas from wide-sized materials.
Background
Under the large background of energy shortage, global warming and ecological environment deterioration, energy conservation and emission reduction, efficient resource utilization and new energy development become urgent matters all over the world. With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production and the increase of population, the wastes such as crop straws, livestock and poultry manure and municipal domestic waste are gradually increased by 5 to 10 percent every year. The improper disposal of the organic solid waste not only causes the waste of resources, but also pollutes the natural environment.
Among the technologies for resource utilization of solid organic wastes, the biogas fermentation technology is one of the hot spots and key development directions of domestic and foreign research. At present, nearly 10 thousands of large and medium-sized biogas projects exist in China. However, in the actual operation of biogas engineering, the following problems are mainly found in liquid fermentation: (1) because the total solid content (TS) of the fermentation raw materials in the liquid fermentation process is 5-12%, a large amount of fermentation water needs to be added before fermentation, and a large amount of biogas slurry generated along with biogas lacks a reasonable and effective consumption way and increasingly becomes a bottleneck problem restricting the popularization of biogas technology and the formation of biogas industry; (2) the screw pump is adopted for feeding and discharging materials for liquid fermentation, the screw pump has strict requirements on the materials and high equipment cost, and a grit chamber is required to be arranged to remove hard impurities such as organic matters or small stones in excrement; (3) the volume of the anaerobic reactor is inevitably increased by adding fermentation water in liquid fermentation, and the heating energy consumption required for maintaining smooth fermentation is greatly increased, so that the operating cost of the biogas engineering in cold northern areas in winter is greatly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide a dry anaerobic fermentation system and a dry anaerobic fermentation method for producing biogas, wherein the dry anaerobic fermentation system has the advantages of high material concentration, wide particle size range, low energy consumption and less waste liquid.
The invention achieves the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for producing biogas by wide-screening materials comprises a solar greenhouse 1, a spiral temperature rising feeder 2, a boiler 5, a spiral stirring temperature rising bin 6, a plunger type feeder 8, an oil cylinder 9, a fermentation tank 10, a spiral discharging machine 15 and a scraper discharging machine 16;
the left end of the spiral temperature-raising feeder 2 is communicated with the bottom of the solar greenhouse 1, the right end of the spiral temperature-raising feeder is communicated with the upper portion of the spiral stirring temperature-raising bin 6, the lower portion of the spiral stirring temperature-raising bin 6 is communicated with the plunger type feeder 8, the left end of the plunger type feeder 8 is communicated with the oil cylinder 9, the right end of the plunger type feeder 8 is communicated with a second feed inlet 11 in the top of the fermentation tank 10, a first switch valve 12 is arranged at the second feed inlet 11 to control materials to enter the fermentation tank 10, an exhaust port 13 is arranged in the middle of the top of the fermentation tank 10, biogas generated in the fermentation process is discharged through the exhaust port 13 under the control of the second switch valve 14, the bottom of the fermentation tank 10 is communicated with a spiral discharging machine 15, and the spiral discharging machine 15 is communicated with a scraper discharging machine.
A dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for producing biogas by wide-screening materials is characterized in that a spiral heating feeder 2 is communicated with a boiler 5 through a first circulating hot water pipe 3, a spiral stirring heating bin 6 is communicated with the boiler 5 through a second circulating hot water pipe 7, and a heat circulation system consisting of the first circulating hot water pipe 3, the second circulating hot water pipe 7 and the boiler 5 plays a role in heating the materials.
A dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for producing biogas by wide-screening materials is characterized in that a conical screw 19 is vertically and vertically arranged in a bin of a screw stirring warming bin 6 to play a role in stirring and feeding materials to a plunger type feeder 8.
A dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for producing biogas by wide-screening materials is characterized in that a spiral stirring warming bin 6 can convey high-concentration materials with wide particle size range, and large hard impurities are allowed to exist.
A dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for producing biogas by wide-screening materials is characterized in that a spiral discharging machine 15 is arranged at the bottom of a fermentation tank 10 to ensure that the materials fall down uniformly in the fermentation tank 10.
A method for producing biogas by a dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for wide-screening materials comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding the wide-screen material into a solar greenhouse 1, and primarily heating the material in the solar greenhouse 1;
(2) conveying the wide screened materials in the solar greenhouse 1 into the spiral temperature rising feeder 2 through the first feed port 4, and heating the wide screened materials in the spiral temperature rising feeder 2 in a first stage from 0 ℃ to 30-35 ℃; the materials are heated to a specified temperature in the spiral heating feeder 2 and then enter the spiral stirring heating bin 6 for second-stage heating from 30-35 ℃ to 38-43 ℃;
(3) conveying the wide-screen material heated to 38-43 ℃ into a fermentation tank 10 through a spiral stirring heating bin 6 and a plunger type feeder 8 through a heat insulation pipeline 18;
(4) fermenting the wide-screening material in a fermentation tank 10 at a fermentation temperature of 40-43 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 20-25 d, and the wide-screening material uniformly falls in the fermentation tank 10 under the action of a spiral discharging machine 15 arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank 10;
(5) the fermented biogas residues are pushed to a scraper plate discharging machine 16 by a spiral discharging machine 15, and biogas residue clinker is discharged through a clinker outlet 17.
A method for producing biogas by a dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for wide-screening materials is characterized in that the total solid mass percent TS of the materials is more than or equal to 20%.
A method for producing biogas by a dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for wide-screening materials is characterized in that the particle size range is 0-5 cm.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior biogas fermentation technology, the method has the following advantages: (1) the tolerance to organic materials is high, materials with high concentration and large particle size range can be conveyed, and compared with the traditional screw pump, the screw pump can tolerate large solid and long-fiber materials; (2) the invention adopts the temperature rise outside the tank body, thereby reducing the energy consumption and simultaneously improving the heat efficiency; (3) according to the invention, a stirring device is not arranged in the tank body independently, so that the energy consumption is reduced; (4) in the discharging process, the spiral discharging machine and the scraper discharging machine at the bottom of the fermentation tank are combined, so that impurities such as sand are prevented from being deposited in the tank body, the tank cleaning times are reduced, and the labor intensity is reduced; (5) the invention produces less biogas slurry and avoids the problem of difficult subsequent biogas slurry treatment.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dry anaerobic fermentation system;
wherein: the device comprises a solar greenhouse 1, a spiral temperature-raising feeder 2, a first circulating hot water pipe 3, a first feeding hole 4, a boiler 5, a spiral stirring temperature-raising bin 6, a second circulating hot water pipe 7, a plunger type feeder 8, an oil cylinder 9, a fermentation tank 10, a second feeding hole 11, a first switch valve 12, an exhaust port 13, a second switch valve 14, a spiral discharging machine 15, a scraper discharging machine 16, a clinker outlet 17, a heat-preservation pipeline 18 and a conical spiral 19.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples, and if one skilled in the art makes some insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present invention based on the above disclosure, the present invention still falls within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Carrying out anaerobic dry fermentation by taking pig manure and corn straw as mixed fermentation raw materials
The corn straw is crushed to a particle size of 4-5 mm by a crusher, and the pig manure is: corn straw is less than or equal to 3:1, pig manure and straw are uniformly mixed, subjected to first temperature rise in a solar greenhouse, conveyed to a spiral temperature rise feeder and conveyed into a storage bin of a spiral stirring temperature rise bin. The material is heated to 35 ℃ for the second time in a spiral heating feeder, and the heating mode is realized by circulating hot water through a pipe wall jacket;
and (3) continuously heating the materials in a bin of the spiral stirring heating bin to 43 ℃, and refluxing the fermented clinker serving as an inoculum into the bin of the spiral stirring heating bin while heating, mixing the fermented clinker with a newly-fed raw material, and performing anaerobic fermentation. The vertical conical screw arranged in the bin plays roles of stirring and feeding materials to the plunger type feeder, and also plays a role of grinding materials.
The material is conveyed into the fermentation tank through the spiral stirring temperature rising bin and a heat insulation pipeline, and the temperature loss is guaranteed to be within 2 ℃ in the whole conveying process.
Controlling the retention time of the raw materials in the dry fermentation tank to be 25d according to the material characteristics;
the materials are fermented in the fermentation tank at the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃, so that the continuous gas production of the fermentation can be ensured, and the fermentation period is short. Biogas production is shown in table 1.
Table 1: the condition of producing the biogas by taking the pig manure and the corn stalks as fermentation raw materials
As can be seen from Table 1, the volume gas production of the mixed raw material of the pig manure and the straw fermented by the process is respectively improved by 27.3 percent and 18.5 percent compared with the volume gas production of the methane fermented by independently dry fermentation of the pig manure and the straw, and the volume gas production is respectively improved by 37.3 percent and 9.5 percent. The process can obviously improve the gas production effect of the anaerobic dry fermentation.
Example 2
Dry anaerobic fermentation with organic domestic garbage as fermentation raw material
The fermentation tank contains 1/3 volume of sludge as inoculum to make methane bacteria grow in large quantity.
After being roughly screened, the household garbage can be subjected to primary temperature rise in the solar greenhouse and then conveyed to the spiral temperature rise feeder to be conveyed into the bin of the spiral stirring temperature rise bin. The material is heated to 33 ℃ for the second time in the spiral heating feeder, and the heating mode is realized by circulating hot water through a pipe wall jacket.
The organic domestic garbage is continuously heated to 42 ℃ in a storage bin of the spiral stirring heating bin, and when the temperature is raised, the sludge serving as an inoculum flows back to the storage bin to be mixed with the newly-fed raw materials.
The spiral stirring temperature rising bin can convey high-concentration materials (TS is more than or equal to 20%) and the granularity is in a larger range, and can allow relatively large hard impurities, so that the problem that the traditional plunger pump has high requirements on the materials is solved.
According to the material characteristics of the household garbage, the material is fermented at 42 ℃ in the fermentation tank, and the retention time of the raw material in the fermentation tank is controlled to be 25 d. Biogas production is shown in table 2.
Table 2: the condition of producing the biogas by taking the organic domestic garbage as the fermentation raw material
As can be seen from Table 2, the organic domestic waste material fermented by the process has a volumetric gas production rate increased by 22.2% and a volumetric gas production rate increased by 24.4% compared with the common dry fermentation biogas. The gas production effect of the dry fermentation anaerobic fermentation of the organic domestic garbage can be obviously improved by adopting the process.
Example 3
Anaerobic dry fermentation is carried out by taking cow dung as fermentation raw material
The fermented clinker is used as an inoculum and is conveyed to the clinker in the volume of 1/4 fermentation tanks through a spiral temperature-rising feeder and a spiral stirring temperature-rising bin;
the method comprises the steps of heating cow dung to 30 ℃ through a spiral heating feeder, then conveying the cow dung to a spiral stirring heating bin for mixing, heating to 38 ℃, and refluxing fermented clinker serving as an inoculum into a bin of the spiral stirring heating bin while heating to mix with a newly-fed raw material for anaerobic fermentation. The vertical conical screw arranged in the storage bin plays roles in stirring and feeding materials to the plunger type feeder;
according to the characteristics of the cow dung, the temperature of the materials in the fermentation tank is 43 ℃, the retention time of the materials in the vertical anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to be 20d, and the methane generation condition is shown in table 3.
Table 3: the condition of producing the biogas by taking the cow dung as the fermentation raw material
As can be seen from Table 3, the volume gas production of the methane produced by the process using the cow dung as the raw material is improved by 27.5% compared with the volume gas production of the common dry fermentation methane and is improved by 36.2% compared with the volume gas production of the methane produced by the common dry fermentation process. The process and the system are adopted to carry out dry fermentation on the cow dung, so that the gas production effect of anaerobic fermentation can be obviously improved.
Claims (7)
1. A dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for producing biogas by screening materials with wide width is characterized by comprising a solar greenhouse (1), a spiral temperature rising feeder (2), a boiler (5), a spiral stirring temperature rising bin (6), a plunger type feeder (8), an oil cylinder (9), a fermentation tank (10), a spiral discharging machine (15) and a scraper discharging machine (16);
wherein the left end of the spiral temperature-raising feeder (2) is communicated with the bottom of the solar greenhouse (1), the right end of the spiral temperature-raising feeder is communicated with the upper part of the spiral stirring temperature-raising bin (6), the lower part of the spiral stirring temperature-raising bin (6) is communicated with the plunger type feeder (8), the left end of the plunger type feeder (8) is communicated with the oil cylinder (9), the right end of the plunger type feeder (8) is communicated with a second feed inlet (11) at the top of the fermentation tank (10), a first switch valve (12) is arranged at the second feed inlet (11) to control materials to enter the fermentation tank (10), an exhaust port (13) is arranged in the middle of the top of the fermentation tank (10), biogas generated in the fermentation process is controlled by a second switch valve (14) to be discharged through the exhaust port (13), the bottom of the fermentation tank (10) is communicated with the spiral discharging machine (15), and the scraper discharging machine (, discharging the fermented clinker in the fermentation tank (10) through a clinker outlet (17);
spiral intensification batcher (2) are through first circulation hot-water line (3) and boiler (5) intercommunication, and spiral stirring intensification storehouse (6) are through second circulation hot-water line (7) and boiler (5) intercommunication, and first circulation hot-water line (3), second circulation hot-water line (7) and boiler (5) are constituteed thermal cycle system and are played the effect that heaies up to the material.
2. The dry anaerobic fermentation system for producing biogas by using wide-screen materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein a conical screw (19) is vertically arranged in the bin of the screw stirring temperature rising bin (6) to play a role in stirring and feeding the materials to the plunger type feeder (8).
3. The dry anaerobic fermentation system for producing biogas by using wide-screen materials as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the plunger feeder (8) can convey materials with high concentration and wide particle size range and allow larger hard impurities to exist.
4. The dry anaerobic fermentation system for producing biogas by using wide-screening materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the screw-type discharging machine (15) is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank (10) to ensure that the materials fall down uniformly in the fermentation tank (10).
5. A method for producing biogas by a dry anaerobic fermentation system suitable for wide-screening materials comprises the following steps:
(1) feeding the wide-screen material into a solar greenhouse (1), and primarily heating the material in the solar greenhouse (1);
(2) conveying wide screening materials in a solar greenhouse (1) into a spiral temperature rising feeder (2) through a first feeding hole (4), and heating the wide screening materials in the spiral temperature rising feeder (2) in a first stage from 0 ℃ to 30-35 ℃; the materials are heated to a specified temperature in the spiral heating feeder (2) and then enter the spiral stirring heating bin (6) for second-stage heating from 30-35 ℃ to 38-43 ℃;
(3) conveying the wide-screen material heated to 38-43 ℃ into a fermentation tank (10) through a spiral stirring heating bin (6) and a plunger type feeder (8) through a heat-insulating pipeline (18);
(4) fermenting the wide-screening organic materials in a fermentation tank (10) at a fermentation temperature of 40-43 ℃, wherein the fermentation time is 20-25 d, and the wide-screening organic materials uniformly fall in the fermentation tank (10) under the action of a spiral discharging machine (15) arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank (10);
(5) the fermented biogas residues are pushed to a scraper plate discharging machine (16) by a spiral discharging machine (15), and biogas residue clinker is discharged through a clinker outlet (17).
6. The method for producing biogas by using the dry anaerobic fermentation system for the wide-screening material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the total solid mass percentage TS of the material is more than or equal to 20%.
7. The method for producing biogas by using the dry anaerobic fermentation system for the wide-screening material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the particle size is in the range of 0-5 cm.
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009053205A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | Andreas Heinrichs | Device for introducing dried substrate in a container, which is formed as fermenter of a biogas plant or as intermediate container, comprises a conveyor unit having a conveyor screw coupled with a drive unit in drive-technical manner |
| CN103667359A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-26 | 青岛天人环境股份有限公司 | Plunger type dry material casting technology |
| CN104263638A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-07 | 北京来利尔科技发展有限公司 | Top-distribution energy-saving high-concentration anaerobic fermentor |
| CN105039604A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-11 | 辽宁省能源研究所 | Control method and control system of utilizing high-concentration organic raw material for biogas fermentation |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009053205A1 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | Andreas Heinrichs | Device for introducing dried substrate in a container, which is formed as fermenter of a biogas plant or as intermediate container, comprises a conveyor unit having a conveyor screw coupled with a drive unit in drive-technical manner |
| CN103667359A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-26 | 青岛天人环境股份有限公司 | Plunger type dry material casting technology |
| CN104263638A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-07 | 北京来利尔科技发展有限公司 | Top-distribution energy-saving high-concentration anaerobic fermentor |
| CN105039604A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-11 | 辽宁省能源研究所 | Control method and control system of utilizing high-concentration organic raw material for biogas fermentation |
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Address after: No. 65, Yinquan Street, West District, Yingkou City, Liaoning Province, 115004 Patentee after: LIAONING INSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH CO.,LTD. Address before: No. 3 Kefei Road, Yingkou City, Liaoning Province 115003 Patentee before: LIAONING INSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESOURCES |