CN102492728A - Rancidity-prone waste biogas utilization method based on in-subarea inoculation and quick start - Google Patents
Rancidity-prone waste biogas utilization method based on in-subarea inoculation and quick start Download PDFInfo
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- CN102492728A CN102492728A CN2011103982094A CN201110398209A CN102492728A CN 102492728 A CN102492728 A CN 102492728A CN 2011103982094 A CN2011103982094 A CN 2011103982094A CN 201110398209 A CN201110398209 A CN 201110398209A CN 102492728 A CN102492728 A CN 102492728A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste pollution control, and relates to a method for making biogas from waste, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating the waste; (2) feeding the waste into a waste loading area for hydrolysis and acidification; (3) feeding the material subjected to hydrolysis and acidification in step (2) into a microbial inoculum loading area, and performing biogas production reaction under the effect of the microbial inoculum; (4) flowing out the material treated in step (3) from the microbial inoculum loading area, and returning to the waste loading area for further hydrolysis and acidification; and (5) repeating the cycle from step (2) to step (4) multiple times until the conversion of the waste into biogas is maximized. The invention overcomes the disadvantages of high rancidity possibility, long gas production start time, low gas production yield and gas production rate and the like of the waste conventional biogas utilization system, can greatly accelerate the gas production process of the rancidity-prone waste with a small amount of microbial inoculum, increases the gas production yield of the waste, lowers the amounts of leavings and waste liquids, and decreases the volume of a reactor and the operating cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solid waste pollution control techniques field, relate to a kind of method of utilizing rubbish to produce biogas.
Background technology
With methane is the anaerobic digestion of final product, is the important technology of realizing refuse treatment and resource utilization.Not only therefrom can obtain clean reproducible energy, and its technical process is comparatively ripe, the industrial applications of existing considerable scale is with a wide range of applications.But in actual engineering, there are problems such as the reactor volume utilization ratio is low, digestive process instability.How to control the technology stability of digestive process, improving digestive efficiency is the main direction of this technical development at present.
Anaerobic digestion be meant constitute solid waste each type organic under anoxic or oxygen-free environment by microbiological degradation, form various meta-bolitess, and be the process of final product with methane.This process can be summarized in 4 stages basically: hydrolysis, acidifying, acetoxylation and methanation.Hydrolysis and acidifying are accomplished by fermenting bacterial, and acetoxylation and methanation are realized by methanogen and symbiotic bacterium thereof, have significant Physiology and biochemistry difference between the two big quasi-microorganisms of front and back.The product of acidication (all kinds of acid, alcohol, hydrogen) is the matrix of acetoxylation methanation, also can form the substrate restraining effect to the acetoxylation methanation, and the acidication process is formed product inhibition.
The about 20%-40% of the solids content of China's domestic waste, facile hydrolysis organic compositions such as the surplus pericarp in kitchen account for 60%-70%, and the raw material of this type of solid waste anaerobic digestion is than facile hydrolysis acidifying organism.When anaerobic reaction starts, the rapid acidication of organism, organic acidication speed causes the accumulation of acidication product much larger than acetoxylation methanation speed, severe inhibition follow-up acetoxylation methanation; Simultaneously, cumulative acidication product also can suppress the organic acidication of remainder again, and the anaerobic digestion whole process is obstructed.Problem such as cause that the conventional biogas utilization of rubbish system becomes sour easily, the degradation rate of aerogenesis length start time, factor of created gase, gas production rate and rubbish is low.
In the technological development of practical application, there are three types of means to be used for solving this problem of becoming sour: 1) to add moisture or difficult hydrolysis material, with the accumulation of dilution buffer acidizing product at garbage raw material; 2) raw material mixes with the digestion solid product of vast scale earlier, realizes the enrichment of facile hydrolysis material dilution buffer and methanogen floras; 3) adopt solid-liquid separation to handle; Garbage raw material is carried out acidifying become liquid material in acidification reactor; Acidizing fluid through filtration or centrifugal acquisition; Mode according to waste water is handled, and gets in the special waste water methanator to carry out aerogenesis, develops more sophisticated waste water methanation treatment unit on the market relatively to utilize.
Although through the application of aforesaid method, developed some practical solid waste anaerobic digestion process, the raw material of existing technology all is lower than 50% to the capacity utilization of reactor drum.Such as: 1) garbage raw material dilutes, and can cause required reactor drum by the proportional increase of thinning ratio, has reduced the organic loading of reactor drum.2) raw material mixes with the vast scale of digestion solid product, also must cause the significantly increase of required reactor drum.Even and if mixed a large amount of seed sludges, also be difficult to start the gas generation process of rubbish; When rubbish is absorbed in when becoming sour, aerogenesis stops rapidly, even and if mixed a large amount of seed sludges, also be difficult to recover again.3) technology of solid-liquid separation processing needs to increase in addition a big volumetrical waste water methanator and solid-liquid separation facility, causes production cost significantly to increase; And methanator can only allow the very low liquid of solids concn to get into the methane fermentation jar.Similar with it, Chinese invention patent CN 101200693A discloses a kind of method that is used for anaerobic fermentation of organic material, and the digestion of solid product of digester bottom pumps into digester from the digester top after rubbish mixes outside digester.The latter shows that in the service experience in Europe the ratio of digestion of solid product and rubbish needs can guarantee effective aerogenesis up to 6: 1.Chinese invention patent CN1431159A discloses a kind of two step of municipal wastes Anaerobic Digestion technology; Rubbish the acid-fermentation jar be hydrolyzed with acidifying after; Send into and reconcile a jar interior potential of hydrogen and the rate of load condensate of regulating; The acidizing fluid that will pass through conciliation again is transported to the methane fermentation jar, carries out organism and decomposes the product natural pond.Chinese invention patent CN 101805753 A have announced a kind of perishable organic wastes high solid two method of three sections anaerobic digestion methane productions mutually, and hydrolysis is produced acid and adopted high solid diafiltration bed bioreactor mutually, and methane-producing reactor is the fibrous packing bed.Above-mentioned back two kinds of methods all need be provided with independent methane-producing reactor, and production cost is higher.
Based on present present situation; The exploitation rubbish that quickens to be prone to become sour starts the method for methanation; For shortening aerogenesis start time, improving the factor of created gase and the gas production rate of rubbish, reduce residue and liquid waste disposal amount, reduction reactor volume and running cost; Minimizing has important practice significance to the demand of microbiobacterial agent.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, and a kind of method of utilizing rubbish to produce biogas is provided, and this method can shorten aerogenesis start time, improve the processing efficiency and the factor of created gase of rubbish, reduces reactor volume and to the microbiobacterial agent demand.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
Rubbish among the present invention is for being prone to the rubbish that becomes sour; Specifically be meant domestic refuse, changing food waste, fruits and vegetables rubbish, feces of livestock and poultry, sewage sludge or food-processing residue etc. one or more, the present invention can be applicable to the different dry type of solids concn or wet type or does wet combined anaerobic digestion, can adopt intermittently or the operation scheme of continuous feeding and discharging.
Rubbish and the filling of microbiobacterial agent subregion, microbiobacterial agent is restricted to the microbiobacterial agent filling area through microbial inoculum filling ball and zone punch dividing plate; Rubbish gets the acidication product after the rubbish filling area stops a couple of days, be delivered to the microbiobacterial agent filling area together, carries out methanation digestion and produces biogas; Do not returned the rubbish filling area again by the rubbish and the acidication product of methanation digestion; So after the circulation repeated multiple times, realize that rubbish is converted into biogas to greatest extent.
Through technique scheme, realize following technical functionality:
(1) rubbish and microbiobacterial agent subregion filling has been avoided organic acid that becoming sour fast of rubbish produce and low pH value to suppress microbiobacterial agent and has been carried out methanation.Waste flow acidity behind the microbiobacterial agent filling area descends; Mixing of materials with the rubbish filling area; Can improve the basicity and the pH value of rubbish filling area material; The acidication effect of having avoided organic acid that becoming sour fast of rubbish produce and low pH value to suppress rubbish self, thereby the further degraded of promotion rubbish.
(2) microbiobacterial agent is trapped within the microbiobacterial agent filling area through the microbial inoculum filling ball, avoids and the mixing of rubbish filling area, and has avoided microbiobacterial agent to be carried by rubbish and runs off, and has avoided the microbiobacterial agent rubbish that become sour excessively to wrap up.Small-particle and liquid material can pass in and out the microbial inoculum filling ball, fully contact with microbiobacterial agent, are converted into biogas; Large granular materials can not get into filling ball, avoids stopping up filling ball.Even if the hole on microbial inoculum filling ball surface is stopped up by material, perhaps material is trapped in the long period in the filling ball, also can be filled microbiobacterial agents a large amount of in the ball and be degraded into small-particle, liquid material and biogas rapidly, thereby remove blocked state.
A kind of method of utilizing rubbish to produce biogas comprises following steps:
(1) at first rubbish is carried out pre-treatment;
(2) then rubbish is sent into the acidifying that is hydrolyzed of rubbish filling area;
(3) material behind the acidication in the step (2) is sent to the microbiobacterial agent filling area with certain flow from the rubbish filling area, under the effect of microbiobacterial agent, produces the biogas reaction;
(4) material that step (3) was handled flows out from the microbiobacterial agent filling area; Again return the rubbish filling area, continue the acidication process, simultaneously with the rubbish filling area in the mixing of original material; Improve the basicity of material in the rubbish filling area, to promote the acidication of material;
(5) repeatedly circulate above-mentioned steps (2), (3), (4) make rubbish continue to be converted into biogas, make that the shared ratio of methane gas rises in the biogas, are converted into biogas to greatest extent until rubbish.
Pre-treatment in the described step (1) obtains less than the rubbish of 2cm than homogeneous for removing through letter sorting, broken and screening in the rubbish greater than component and biological nondegradable inerts e and the impurity of 2cm.
The operating range of the solids concn of material is 0%～40% in the rubbish filling area in the described step (2);
The pH value of the acidication in the described step (2) is 4～9, and temperature is 30 ℃～60 ℃, 1～20 day residence time.
The form of rubbish entering rubbish filling area is that rubbish itself, rubbish mix with liquid waste in the described step (2), or rubbish mixes with the semi-solid state refuse.
Described liquid waste refers to that solid content is lower than 5% refuse, preferred feces of livestock and poultry, Sewage Plant thickened sludge, waste water.
Described semi-solid state refuse is that solid content is 5%～20% refuse, preferred Sewage Plant dewatered sludge.
The mode of rubbish entering rubbish filling area is disposable charging, batch feed or continuously feeding in the described step (2).
Acidication in the described step (2) is the acidication product that the insolubility material fermentation of particulate form in the rubbish is formed solubility, and wherein the acidication product is several kinds in organic polymkeric substance, organic monomer, organic acid or the ammonium salt etc.
Flow in the described step (3) is 0～0.2m
3/ (m
3D).
The time of the product biogas reaction in the described step (3) is 10～60 days.
The temperature of reaction of producing the biogas reaction in the described step (3) is 30 ℃～45 ℃ or 50 ℃～60 ℃.
Described step (3) is not less than 6.5 from the pH value of the effusive material of microbiobacterial agent filling area, is not higher than 8.5.
Microbiobacterial agent in the described step (3) be rich in methanogen the agent material wherein the content of methanobacteria be 10
5-10
13Individual/g.This microorganism agent material can be the particulate state microbial inoculum that natural formation or artificial compacting obtain; Like the granule sludge that obtains from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process (UASB) technology, expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) technology and the technology of deriving thereof, or the block that obtains through methods such as freeze-drying pressing molds of the anaerobic activated sludge of amorphous or anaerobism rubbish.Before beginning to start the product biogas utilization of rubbish, guarantee that microbiobacterial agent has certain methanogenesis activity (greater than 0.05g COD-CH
4/ g VSSday), otherwise the microbiobacterial agent that adds of reply tames, to recover and to improve its methanogenesis activity.
Organic acid transforms and forms the biogas that is rich in methane in the described step (3); Insolubility material in other solubility acidication product and the rubbish continues to continue betwixt fermenting process.
The material that gets into the microbiobacterial agent filling area in the described step (3) be the material of discharging through the rubbish filling area, or liquid or soft solid materials that the material that the rubbish filling area is discharged is obtained after filtration or centrifugal treating.
The pH value of the acidication of described step (4) is 4～9, and temperature is 30 ℃～60 ℃, 1～60 day residence time.
The working cycle repeatedly of described step (5) is not less than 30 times, and the upper limit of cycle index is no more than 5 times/day.
The biogas maximum yield is 700-800m in the described step (5)
3The dried rubbish of/t-is organic.
In the described step (5), when the pH value of rubbish filling area effluent greater than 7.0, and the gas production rate of biogas is lower than 3Lkg
-1D
-1The time, can begin new a collection of intermittent feeding.
In the described step (5), when the pH value of rubbish filling area effluent greater than 7.0, and the methane content of biogas surpasses at 60% o'clock, can begin to carry out continuously feeding.
The subregion of described rubbish and microbiobacterial agent is the different spaces zone in same digester and be separately positioned in the different digesters, a kind of in the dual mode.
Described step (5); The unloading phase that rubbish is converted into the initial stage of biogas or claims repeatedly working cycle just begin the front several cycles; The biogas that produces is main with carbonic acid gas, and the shared ratio of methane gas surpasses 40% in biogas, explains that rubbish gets into stable producing the natural pond stage; The described circular flow of step (3) can be improved, but 0.2m must not be higher than
3/ (m
3D).
Microbiobacterial agent is limited in the microbiobacterial agent filling area and realizes through described microbial inoculum filling ball and zone punch dividing plate.The microbial inoculum filling ball is involuted by two perforation hemispherical Shells, and the space that forms in the shell is used to place microbiobacterial agent, and the piercing aperture on the spherical shell is controlled at 2～5mm.The piercing aperture of zone punch dividing plate is less than the outside diameter of microbial inoculum weighting agent.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Use a spot of microbiobacterial agent (can be merely rubbish dry weight 5%) in 2～3, to start and be prone to the product natural pond effect of rubbish of becoming sour, and keep stable product natural pond effect.Compare with traditional the being prone to single-phase anaerobic digestion process of rubbish that becomes sour, the required microbiobacterial agent of present method is merely the former 1%-5%; Compare with traditional solid-liquid separation formula TPAD technology, the required microbiobacterial agent of present method also is considerably less, and need not for microbiobacterial agent large-scale reactor drum and filler to be provided.
Method of the present invention is because the high material of solids content can penetrate the microbiobacterial agent filling area smoothly; Can not cause obstruction; Therefore both be applicable to the biogas utilization of solids content, be applicable to also that solids content was lower than 15% the low solid and the biogas utilization of liquid rubbish between 15%～40% highly filled rubbish.
Compare with traditional anaerobic digestion of refuse technology; Adopt the inventive method can significantly improve the processing rate and product natural pond rate of rubbish; The refuse treatment rate can bring up to 80%～90% from 30%～60%, and the methane production of per dry wt rubbish can be brought up to 400L/kg from being lower than 50L/kg.
The rubbish of the inventive method and the subregion of microbiobacterial agent can be realized in the different spaces in the same digester; Avoided increasing independent methanator has been set; And avoided the digestion material to be back to the required equipment of acidification reactor, thereby reduce production costs.And; Because the demand of microbiobacterial agent is less; The microbiobacterial agent filling area only accounts for the small portion space of digester, can improve the digester capacity utilization of rubbish, practices thrift digester volume space and system operation space; Reduce running cost, be applicable to the biogas utilization of solids content at the material of 0%-40%.
The inventive method process operating management is simple, and anaerobic digestion methane production is stable and reliable for performance.Shortcoming such as overcome that the conventional biogas utilization of rubbish system is prone to become sour, aerogenesis start time is long, factor of created gase and gas production rate are low.Can realize improving the rubbish factor of created gase, reduce residue and waste liquid amount, reduce reactor volume and running cost with a spot of microbial inoculum just can accelerate greatly to be prone to become sour gas generation process of rubbish.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device schema of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is the described microbial inoculum filling ball of a inventive method structural representation.
Mark in the accompanying drawing: 01-rubbish; The 02-discharging; 03-biogas; The 04-digester; 05-rubbish filling area; 06-microbial inoculum filling ball; 07-zone punch dividing plate; The 08-drapery panel; The 09-split-flow baffles; The 10-material liquid surface; The 11-fresh feed pump; The 12-opening for feed; The 13-discharging pump; The 14-discharge gate; 15-feed back pipe; The 16-feedback outlet; The 17-self circular loop; 18-microbiobacterial agent filling area; 19-pressure and biogas component monitoring device; The 20-hemispherical Shell of boring a hole; 21-docks screw thread; The 22-microbiobacterial agent.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention can promote to be prone to the to become sour quick startup and the steady running of rubbish are further described the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.
The device flow process of embodiment of the present invention method, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.According to technical scheme of the present invention, comprising: rubbish and microbiobacterial agent subregion fill in rubbish filling area 05 and microbiobacterial agent filling area 18; Microbiobacterial agent is positioned in the microbial inoculum filling ball 06; Be connected rubbish filling area 04 and microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 through rubbish feed back pipe 15.
Specifically implement through the device that is the main body with digester 04.Digester 04 is the boundary with zone punch dividing plate 07, and upper area is a microbiobacterial agent filling area 18, places microbial inoculum filling ball 06, and lower region is a rubbish filling area 05.
New refuse 01 gets into said digester 04 through fresh feed pump 11 by opening for feed 12, under the space constraint condition of the effect of gravity and split-flow baffles 09, slowly flows downward; And under the suction function of discharging pump 13,, flow to discharge gate 14 by digester 04 bottom lentamente through split-flow baffles 09; Discharging pump 13 outlets relate to the three-dimensional pipeline: rubbish feed back pipe 15, self circular loop 17, discharging 02, realize backflow, self-circulation and discharging through discharging pump 13, through each flow to pipeline of valve 23 controls; Feed back is back to said digester 04 through feed back pipe 15 from feedback outlet 16, evenly loads zone 18 through the microbiobacterial agent that is made up of microbial inoculum filling ball 06 through drapery panel 08, drops to said rubbish filling area 05 through zone punch dividing plate 07; The liquid level 10 of rubbish filling area 05 must be lower than zone punch dividing plate 07, avoids rubbish filling area 05 and microbiobacterial agent filling zone 18 to mix; The biogas 03 discharge utilization that produces is provided with pressure and biogas component monitoring device 19 produces the natural pond condition monitoring; Material also can return split-flow baffles 09 front area through self circular loop 17 from split-flow baffles 09 Background Region from opening for feed 12, can promote sluggish flow, the mixing homogeneous of material in the rubbish filling area 05.
Described microbial inoculum filling ball 06 is closed through screw thread 21 butt joints by two perforation hemispherical Shells 20, and microbiobacterial agent 22 is filled in the internal space of microbial inoculum filling ball 06.
Embodiment 1-starts the biogas utilization of changing food waste fast
(1) contains nutritive salt and a small amount of organic primer fluid from opening for feed 12 to rubbish filling area 05 disposable pumping into, until surpassing more than discharging pump 13 liquid levels; The solids concn of material is no more than 5% in the rubbish filling area.
(2) close self circular loop 17 and discharging 02; Flow control feed back pipe 16 flows with certain are sprayed into microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 through cloth tube 08, and are active with the product natural pond that starts microbial inoculum filling ball 06 inner microbiobacterial agent 22, and wash away the remaining particulate form organism of microbial inoculum filling ball 06 inner possibility.Through more than 10 days backflow spray, accomplish the domestication and the growth of methanobacteria.For the present invention, before beginning to start the product biogas utilization of rubbish, guarantee that microbiobacterial agent has certain methanogenesis activity (greater than 0.05g COD-CH
4/ g VSSday) m
3The dried rubbish of/t-is organic, otherwise should tame the microbiobacterial agent that adds by above-mentioned steps, to recover and to improve its methanogenesis activity.If higher methanogenesis activity is tamed, had to the microbiobacterial agent of inoculation in advance, then can omit step (1) and (2), directly carry out step (3).
(3) carry out pre-treatment before the garbage feeding; Remove large size (greater than 2cm) component (like plastic wrapping, chopsticks, plastics spoon, bone) and biological nondegradable inerts e and impurity in the rubbish through letter sorting, fragmentation and screening, obtain the rubbish of reduced size (less than 2cm) than homogeneous.
(4) pump into changing food waste from opening for feed 12 to rubbish filling area 05, the amount of pumping into is lower than liquid level and is as the criterion below 10 to surpass more than discharging pump 13 liquid levels.Changing food waste stops more than 1 day (rubbish of collecting if not the same day, but in refuse container or storage tank, placed the rubbish of a few days, then can not be used in the rubbish filling area stop) in the rubbish filling area acidifying is hydrolyzed.In the present embodiment, acidication carries out at rubbish filling area 05, and the condition of its operation is: pH value 6～7.5, and 35 ℃ of temperature, 3～5 days residence time, the operating range of solids concn is 20%～30%; (5) close self circular loop 17 and discharging 02; (flow control is at 0～0.2m with certain flow for control feed back pipe 15
3/ (m
3D)), continuously or off and on product pump is returned feedback outlet 16; Be sprayed into microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 through cloth tube 08; Produce the biogas reaction; Also be accompanied by simultaneously the partly hydrolysed acidification; This process duration is 10～15 days, and temperature of reaction is 35 ℃ ± 3 ℃, and the control of feed back flow is not less than 6.5 with the pH that keeps microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 effluent and is not higher than 8.5 and is as the criterion;
(5) see through zone punch dividing plate 07 again in action of gravity rubbish filling area 05 acidifying that is hydrolyzed that drops back; The operational condition of this step acidication is identical with step (4), that is: the pH value 6～7.5,35 ℃ of temperature, and 3～5 days residence time, the operating range of solids concn is 20%～30%;
(6) above-mentioned steps (4)～(5) of repeatedly circulating make rubbish continue to be converted into biogas, through 10～15 days backflow repeatedly, when the methane content of the biogas 03 that produces surpasses 40%, have promptly accomplished startup, can be used for the stable product natural pond of follow-up changing food waste.Mainly carry out methanation at microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 and produce the biogas reaction.
The biogas utilization of embodiment 2-intermittent feeding formula domestic waste
The processing raw material of present embodiment is a domestic waste.
(1) domestic waste should be removed large size component (greater than 2cm) and biological nondegradable inerts e and impurity in the rubbish earlier through pre-treatment measures such as letter sorting, fragmentation and screenings, obtains the rubbish (less than 2cm) of reduced size than homogeneous;
(2) disposable rubbish filling area 05 to the liquid level that pumps into is below 10; Close discharging 02 and self circular loop 17; The domestic waste acidifying that in the rubbish filling area, is hydrolyzed, in the present embodiment, the condition of acidication is: pH value 6～7.5,42 ℃ of temperature, 3 days residence time, the operating range of solids concn is 25%～35%;
(3) with the mode of intermittent type or semi continuous, (flow control is at 0～0.2m with certain flow for control feed back pipe 15
3/ (m
3D)), product pump is returned feedback outlet 16.Be sprayed into microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 through cloth tube 08, produce the biogas reaction, also be accompanied by the partly hydrolysed acidification simultaneously;
(4) see through zone punch dividing plate 07 again in action of gravity rubbish filling area 05 acidifying that is hydrolyzed that drops back; The condition of this step acidication is identical with step (2) in the present embodiment, that is: the pH value 6～7.5,42 ℃ of temperature, and 3 days residence time, the operating range of solids concn is 25%～35%;
(5) above-mentioned steps (2)～(4) of repeatedly circulating make rubbish continue to be converted into biogas, through 10～15 days backflow repeatedly, when the methane content of the biogas 03 that produces surpasses 40%, have promptly accomplished startup, can strengthen the feed back flow, but should be controlled at 0.2m
3/ (m
3D) in, can be used for the stable product natural pond of follow-up domestic waste.During not carrying out feed back, close the valve of feed back pipe, can open the valve of self circular loop, let rubbish flow and start at rubbish filling area 05, avoid the compacting of rubbish deposition; (6) continue 10～25 days backflow repeatedly, when the pH value of rubbish filling area 05 effluent reaches more than 7.0, and the gas production rate of biogas 03 is lower (is lower than 3Lkg
-1D
-1) time, can stop feed back, open discharging 02, the material of all or part of discharge rubbish filling area 05; At this moment, the biogas yield can reach 720m
3The dried rubbish of/t-is organic.Begin to pump into new a collection of charging.
The biogas utilization of embodiment 3-continuously feeding formula fruits and vegetables rubbish
The processing raw material of present embodiment is a fruits and vegetables rubbish.
(1) fruits and vegetables rubbish should be removed large size component (greater than 2cm) and biological nondegradable inerts e and impurity in the rubbish earlier through pre-treatment measures such as letter sorting, fragmentation and screenings, obtains the rubbish (less than 2cm) of reduced size than homogeneous;
(2) disposable rubbish filling area 05 to the liquid level that pumps into is below 10; Close discharging 02 and self circular loop 17; The acidifying that in the rubbish filling area, is hydrolyzed of fruits and vegetables rubbish, in the present embodiment, the condition of acidication is: pH value 5.5～7,35 ℃ of temperature, 3 days residence time, the operating range of solids concn is 17%～25%;
(3) with the mode of intermittent type or semi continuous, (flow control is at 0～0.2m with certain flow for control feed back pipe 15
3/ (m
3D)), product pump is returned feedback outlet 16.Be sprayed into microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 through cloth tube 08, produce the biogas reaction, also be accompanied by the partly hydrolysed acidification simultaneously;
(4) see through zone punch dividing plate 07 again in action of gravity rubbish filling area 05 acidifying that is hydrolyzed that drops back; The condition of this step acidication is identical with step (2) in the present embodiment, that is: the pH value 5.5～7,35 ℃ of temperature, and 3 days residence time, the operating range of solids concn is 17%～25%; (5) above-mentioned steps (2)～(4) of repeatedly circulating; Make rubbish continue to be converted into biogas, through 10～30 days backflow repeatedly, when the pH value of rubbish filling area 05 effluent reaches more than 7.0; And the methane content of the biogas 03 that produces surpasses 60%; Can begin to add fruits and vegetables rubbish continuously, and the valve of opening discharging 02, discharging continuously.Control feed back flow makes the pH value of microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 effluent be not less than 6.5.If pH value 6.5 should stop feed back after 1～2 day, restart feed back with lower flow again.The volume of rubbish filling area 05 should guarantee that the fruits and vegetables rubbish residence time therein must not be lower than 20 days.
Recovery when embodiment 4-refuse anaerobism biogas utilization becomes sour
The processing raw material of present embodiment is the food-processing refuse or the bio-pharmaceuticals residue of become sour (being that the pH value is low to moderate 4.0～5.5); This refuse is removed large size component (greater than 2cm) and biological nondegradable inerts e and impurity in the rubbish through pre-treatment measures such as letter sorting, fragmentation and screenings, obtains the rubbish (less than 2cm) of reduced size than homogeneous.
(1) disposable rubbish filling area 05 to the liquid level that pumps into is below 10; Close charging 01 and discharging 02; Acidifying is hydrolyzed.In the present embodiment, the condition of acidication is: pH value 4～5.5, and 30 ℃ of temperature, the residence time, the operating range of solids concn was 10%～25% more than 1 day;
(2) control feed back pipe 15 returns product pump to feedback outlet 16, is sprayed into microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 through cloth tube 08, produces the biogas reaction, also is accompanied by the partly hydrolysed acidification simultaneously; See through zone punch dividing plate 07 again in action of gravity rubbish filling area 05 acidifying that is hydrolyzed that drops back., slowly heighten the feed back amount and (but should be controlled at 0.2m serving as the control benchmark more than 6.5 with the pH value of microbiobacterial agent filling area 18 effluent
3/ (m
3D) in), surpass 60% until the methane content of biogas 03, resume continuous be can begin and food-processing refuse or bio-pharmaceuticals residue added.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is can understand and use the present invention for ease of the those of ordinary skill of this technical field.The personnel of skilled obviously can easily make various modifications to these embodiment, and needn't pass through performing creative labour being applied in the General Principle of this explanation among other embodiment.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment here, those skilled in the art are according to announcement of the present invention, and not breaking away from the improvement that category of the present invention makes and revise all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. method of utilizing rubbish to produce biogas is characterized in that: comprise following steps:
(1) at first rubbish is carried out pre-treatment;
(2) then rubbish is sent into the acidifying that is hydrolyzed of rubbish filling area;
(3) material behind the acidication in the step (2) is sent to the microbiobacterial agent filling area with certain flow from the rubbish filling area, under the effect of microbiobacterial agent, produces the biogas reaction;
(4) material that step (3) handled is flowed out from the microbiobacterial agent filling area, returns the rubbish filling area again, continue the acidication process, simultaneously with the rubbish filling area in the mixing of original material;
(5) repeatedly circulate above-mentioned steps (2), (3), (4) make rubbish continue to be converted into biogas, make that the shared ratio of methane gas rises in the biogas, are converted into biogas to greatest extent until rubbish.
2. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the pre-treatment in the described step (1) obtains less than the rubbish of 2cm than homogeneous for removing through letter sorting, broken and screening in the rubbish greater than component and biological nondegradable inerts e and the impurity of 2cm;
Or the operating range of the solids concn of material is 0%～40% in the rubbish filling area in the described step (2);
Or the pH value of the acidication in the described step (2) is 4～9, and temperature is 30 ℃～60 ℃, 1～20 day residence time.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the form of rubbish entering rubbish filling area is that rubbish itself, rubbish mix with liquid waste in the described step (2), or rubbish mixes with the semi-solid state refuse.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described liquid waste refers to that solid content is lower than 5% refuse, preferred feces of livestock and poultry, Sewage Plant thickened sludge, waste water;
Or described semi-solid state refuse is that solid content is 5%～20% refuse, preferred Sewage Plant dewatered sludge.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the mode of rubbish entering rubbish filling area is disposable charging, batch feed or continuously feeding in the described step (2);
Or the acidication in the described step (2) is that wherein the acidication product is several kinds in organic polymkeric substance, organic monomer, organic acid or the ammonium salt etc. with the acidication product of the insolubility material fermentation formation solubility of particulate form in the rubbish.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the flow in the described step (3) is 0～0.2m
3/ (m
3D);
Or the time of the reaction of the product biogas in the described step (3) is 10～60 days;
Or the temperature of reaction of producing the biogas reaction in the described step (3) is 30 ℃～45 ℃ or 50 ℃～60 ℃;
Or described step (3), be not less than 6.5 from the pH value of the effusive material of microbiobacterial agent filling area, be not higher than 8.5.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the microbiobacterial agent in the described step (3) is the agent material that is rich in methanogen, and wherein the content of methanobacteria is 10
5-10
13Individual/g.
8. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: get into the material of material for discharging of microbiobacterial agent filling area in the described step (3) through the rubbish filling area, the material that the rubbish filling area is discharged through filter or centrifugal treating after the liquid or the soft solid materials that obtain.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pH value of the acidication of described step (4) is 4～9, and temperature is 30 ℃～60 ℃, 1～60 day residence time.
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the working cycle repeatedly of described step (5) is not less than 30 times, and the upper limit of cycle index is no more than 5 times/day;
Or the biogas maximum yield is 700-800m in the described step (5)
3The dried rubbish of/t-is organic;
Or in the described step (5), when the pH value of rubbish filling area effluent greater than 7.0, and the gas production rate of biogas is lower than 3Lkg
-1D
-1The time, the new a collection of intermittent feeding of beginning;
Or in the described step (5), when the pH value of rubbish filling area effluent greater than 7.0, and the methane content of biogas surpasses at 60% o'clock, begins to carry out continuously feeding.
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