CN108998167B - 一种石墨烯改性乳化液、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种石墨烯改性乳化液、其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN108998167B
CN108998167B CN201811017365.XA CN201811017365A CN108998167B CN 108998167 B CN108998167 B CN 108998167B CN 201811017365 A CN201811017365 A CN 201811017365A CN 108998167 B CN108998167 B CN 108998167B
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王永欣
孙尚琪
曾志翔
王立平
薛群基
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Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种石墨烯改性乳化液,包括矿物油、水性介质、氧化石墨烯分散液、聚山梨酯‑80。该乳化液为水包油型乳化液,并且乳滴由氧化石墨烯包覆,具有优异的润滑防腐性能,能够显著降低材料摩擦磨损,使用寿命较长,环保无污染等特点,是一种可替代液压矿物油作为液压传动介质,适用于新型难燃液压传动系统。

Description

一种石墨烯改性乳化液、其制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及乳化液技术领域,具体涉及一种石墨烯改性乳化液、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
液压传动具有重量轻、快速性好、能无级调速、易于实现过载保护、便于控制等一系列优点,已被广泛应用于工业生产的各个领域。
传统液压传动系统多采用矿物基液压油作为工作介质,由此不但浪费宝贵的石油资源,而且矿物油易泄漏、易燃烧、易污染环境,故而在一些特殊场合不宜使用,例如高温、明火、井下、水下、舱内等工况。随着人们环保意识、安全意识和可持续发展意识的不断增强,多种非石油基的液压传动介质相继研究成功,其中安全环保型高水基乳化液液压传动技术成为现代液压传动技术的重要发展方向之一,在船舶舰艇、海洋开发、河道治理、冶金生产以及地下采矿等行业中,已经对水基液压传动系统提出了越来越多的使用需求和越来越高的使用要求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种石墨烯改性乳化液,具有优异的润滑防腐性能,能够显著降低材料摩擦磨损,使用寿命较长,环保无污染。
本发明的技术方案是:一种石墨烯改性乳化液,包括矿物油、水性介质、氧化石墨烯分散液、聚山梨酯-80、保护剂与防腐剂,其体积按照100份计,各组份如下:
矿物油2.8%-4.5%,
氧化石墨烯分散液0.2%-0.5%,
水性介质87%-93%,
聚山梨酯-801.5%-2.5%,
保护剂1.5%-3.5%,
防腐剂1%-2%,
所述的氧化石墨烯分散液是浓度为0.5-1mg/ml的水基分散液;
所述的保护剂是苯并三唑或/和苯并三氮唑;
所述的防腐剂是苯甲酸钠或/和山梨酸钾;
所述的水性介质是杂质质量含量不超过0.1%的水溶液,并且杂质不会与所述乳化液中的其他成分反应。
所述的矿物油不限,包括液体石蜡、合成油和植物油等。
本发明的乳化液包括矿物油、水性介质与氧化石墨烯分散液,如图1中的(b)图所示,矿物油分散于水性介质形成水包油型(O/W型)乳化液,同时,对微结构进行氧化石墨烯包覆改性,形成乳滴由氧化石墨烯包覆的独特结构,而图1中的(a)图是常规水包油型乳化液,是由水分子包裹油滴形成乳滴。与液压矿物油相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)液压矿物油中油含量超过90%,而本发明的石墨烯改性乳化液中包含的矿物油所占体积比例不超过4.5%,因此大大降低了生产成本,节约了石油资源,减少了传动过程中的燃烧可能性。
(2)本发明的石墨烯改性乳化液中包含水性介质,并且水性介质所占体积比例高达93%,带来如下有益效果:
(a)大大降低了成本;
(b)提升了冷却效果,因此本发明的石墨烯改性乳化液在液压传动系统中的冷却表现优于液压矿物油,并且水性介质无毒无害,安全环保;
(c)使用液压矿物油时,在苛刻的边界润滑和极压润滑条件下,例如负荷很重,转速很快等,吸附膜易脱附而被挤出,从而失掉润滑作用,使摩擦面的温度上升,产生摩擦甚至烧结的现象。而本发明的乳化液中矿物油均匀分散在水性介质中,在传动过程中可有效减少吸附膜的脱落。
(3)本发明的石墨烯改性乳化液中包含氧化石墨烯分散液,氧化石墨烯已经被报道为优异的润滑剂,将其加入乳化液中能够在摩擦润滑过程中快速形成转移膜,显著改善工件在乳化液中的磨损行为,降低摩擦磨损,提升工件寿命;另外,其优异的导热性能够迅速将摩擦热传导分散,降低应摩擦热引起的氧化变形等问题。
(4)本发明的石墨烯改性乳化液中包含聚山梨酯-80,供配制水包油乳液或乳膏时用作乳化剂,可作混悬剂的润湿剂以及非离子型表面活性剂,可改善亲水亲油平衡性,参与形成胶束,调整水和油的极性。
(5)本发明的石墨烯改性乳化液能充分保持环境的清洁,特别当与同类产品比较时,使用后能留下一层轻质的液膜,能被轻松清除,便于清洁维护管理,有效防止了细菌和真菌的侵蚀影响,节约了保管维护的成本,亦有良好的润湿粘附特性。
因此,本发明的石墨烯改性乳化液具有优异的润滑防腐性能,能够显著降低材料摩擦磨损,使用寿命较长,环保无污染等特点,是一种可替代液压矿物油作为液压传动介质,适用于新型难燃液压传动系统。
本发明还提供了一种制备上述石墨烯改性乳化液的方法,包括:将矿物油与水性介质加入容器中,然后加入聚山梨酯-80,合成水包油乳滴,再加入氧化石墨烯分散液,搅拌均匀后加入保护剂与防腐剂,得到石墨烯改性乳化液。
附图说明
图1是本发明石墨烯改性乳化液结构与常规乳化液结构对比示意图,其中(a)图是常规乳化液结构示意图,(a)图是本发明石墨烯改性乳化液结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例1制得乳化液的外观图;
图3是本发明实施例1制得的石墨改性乳化液在大气环境中的摩擦曲线;
图4是本发明实施例1在工件表面的磨痕图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例与附图对本发明作进一步详细描述,需要指出的是,以下所述实施例旨在便于对本发明的理解,而对其不起任何限定作用。
实施例1:
本实施例中,乳化液体积份数为100份计,乳化液配方如下:
矿物油2.8份,氧化石墨烯分散液0.2份,去离子93份,聚山梨酯-80占1.5份,苯并三唑1.5份,苯甲酸钠1份。
其中,氧化石墨烯分散液是浓度为1mg/ml的水基分散液。
该乳化液的制备方法为:按照所述配方,将矿物油与去离子水加入容器中,然后加入聚山梨酯-80后搅拌2小时,再加入氧化石墨烯分散液,继续搅拌2小时,最后加入苯并三唑与苯甲酸钠后搅拌1小时,即可得到石墨烯改性乳化液。
上述制得的石墨烯改性乳化液外观如图2所示,该乳化液均匀无沉淀杂质,上层泡沫为搅拌时产生,颜色为棕褐色,是由于添加氧化石墨烯所致。
使用球盘往复摩擦试验机,摩擦配副为GCr15钢球,磨面为DLC涂层,摩擦时磨面浸入乳化液,载荷为5N,频率为5HZ,行程为180米。测得在大气环境中磨面的摩擦曲线如图3所示,磨面的磨痕图如图4所示。即,显示该石墨烯改性乳化液具有优异的润滑防腐性能,工件在其中的摩擦磨损率低。
实施例2:
本实施例中,乳化液体积份数为100份计,乳化液配方如下:
矿物油4.1份,氧化石墨烯分散液0.4份,去离子90份,聚山梨酯-80占1.5份,苯并三氮唑1.9份,苯甲酸钠2.1份。
其中,氧化石墨烯分散液是浓度为0.5mg/ml的水基分散液。
该乳化液的制备方法为:按照所述配方,将矿物油与去离子水放入容器,加入聚山梨酯-80后搅拌2小时,然后加入氧化石墨烯分散液,继续搅拌2小时,再加入苯并三唑与苯甲酸钠后搅拌1小时,即可得到石墨烯改性乳化液。
上述制得的石墨烯改性乳化液外观类似图2所示,显示该乳化液均匀无沉淀杂质,颜色为棕褐色。
使用与实施例1相同的测试方法,测得该石墨烯改性乳化液具有优异的润滑防腐性能,工件在其中的摩擦磨损率低。
实施例3:
本实施例中,乳化液体积份数为100份计,乳化液配方如下:
矿物油3.2份,氧化石墨烯分散液0.3份,去离子92份,聚山梨酯-80占1.6份,苯并三唑1.7份,山梨酸钾1.2份。
其中,氧化石墨烯分散液是浓度为0.8mg/ml的水基分散液。
该乳化液的制备方法为:按照所述配方,将矿物油与去离子水放入容器,加入聚山梨酯-80后在25℃下搅拌2小时,然后加入氧化石墨烯分散液,继续搅拌2小时,再加入苯并三唑与苯甲酸钠后搅拌1小时,即可得到石墨烯改性乳化液。
上述制得的石墨烯改性乳化液外观类似图2所示,显示该乳化液均匀无沉淀杂质,颜色为棕褐色。
使用与实施例1相同的测试方法,测得该石墨烯改性乳化液具有优异的润滑防腐性能,工件在其中的摩擦磨损率低。
以上所述的实施例对本发明的技术方案进行了详细说明,应理解的是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的原则范围内所做的任何修改、补充或类似方式替代等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种具有低摩擦磨损的石墨烯改性乳化液,为水包油型乳化液,其特征是:乳滴由氧化石墨烯包覆;
所述乳化液包括矿物油、水性介质、氧化石墨烯分散液、聚山梨酯-80、保护剂与防腐剂,其体积按照100份计,各组份如下:
矿物油 2.8%-4.5%,
氧化石墨烯分散液 0.2%-0.5%,
水性介质 87%-93%,
聚山梨酯-80 1.5%-2.5%,
保护剂 1.5%-3.5%,
防腐剂 1%-2%,
所述的氧化石墨烯分散液是浓度为0.5-1mg/ml的水基分散液;
所述的保护剂是苯并三唑;
所述的防腐剂是苯甲酸钠或/和山梨酸钾;
将矿物油与水性介质加入容器中,然后加入聚山梨酯-80,合成水包油乳滴,再加入氧化石墨烯分散液,形成乳滴由氧化石墨烯包覆的结构,搅拌均匀后加入保护剂与防腐剂,得到石墨烯改性乳化液。
2.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯改性乳化液,其特征是:所述的矿物油包括液体石蜡。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的石墨烯改性乳化液作为液压传动介质的应用。
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