CN108997428B - 一种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶及其制备方法。这种共晶的结构式为:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶及其制备方法。
背景技术
替诺福韦艾拉酚胺(tenofovir alafenamide,TAF)是由吉利德公司(GlieadSciences)研制的一种创新型,靶向性替诺福韦前药,2016年11月10日获得美国FDA批准用于治疗成人伴有代偿性肝病的慢性乙肝病毒感染(商品名)。与前一代的产品(Tenofovir disoproxil fumurate,TDF)相比,只需要少于十分之一的剂量就可达到类同的抗病毒功效,所以具有更好安全性。替诺福韦艾拉酚胺化学名为9-[(R)-2-[[(S)-[[(S)-1-(异丙氧基羰基)乙基]氨基]苯氧基氧膦基]甲氧基]丙基]腺嘌啉,化学结构式如下。
通过实验发现,尽管替诺福韦艾拉酚胺的半富马酸盐的稳定性有提高,但在引湿性(引湿增重约0.65%)和热稳定性(熔点约为131℃)方面仍存在不足,可能会在生产和储存环节产生药品的稳定性问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶,这种共晶无引湿性(引湿增重小于0.2%),且具有较高的熔点和改良的热稳定性。本发明涉及的香草酸在谷物、全麦、水果、绿茶、果汁、啤酒、葡萄酒和中草药中广泛存在,在食品行业中也常常被人们用作矫味剂、防腐剂和食品添加剂,其还具有肝保护、心脏保护、抗氧化和抗细胞凋亡的作用,是一种较为理想的共晶形成物。
本发明的目的之二在于提供这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶的制备方法。
本发明的目的之三在于提供这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶的应用。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶,其结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
共晶中,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸的摩尔比为1:1。
共晶的X射线粉末衍射在衍射角度2θ为3.7±0.2、6.4±0.2、9.0±0.2、10.6±0.2、12.0±0.2、15.1±0.2处具有特征峰。
共晶的X射线粉末衍射还在衍射角度2θ为7.5±0.2、15.3±0.2、18.2±0.2、18.9±0.2、22.6±0.2中的一处或多处具有特征峰。
这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶的制备方法,是将替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸加入溶剂中,通过搅拌、挥发或降温析晶得到共晶。
制备方法中,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸投料的摩尔比为(1~2):1。
制备方法中,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸质量之和与溶剂的用量比为(10~700)mg:1mL。
制备方法中,溶剂为水、醇类溶剂、酯类溶剂、酮类溶剂、醚类溶剂、腈类溶剂中的至少一种。
一种药物组合物,包括这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶。
这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶在制备治疗病毒性乙型肝炎或艾滋病药物中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶具有较高的熔点、改良的热稳定性和改良的吸湿性,在制备和存储过程中对环境湿度和温度的敏感性降低,简化了药品的生产和后处理工艺,降低了物料存储以及质量控制成本,具有较强的经济价值,更适合用作原料药。此外,其显示了良好的结晶性,易于制备,适用于工业化大规模生产。
附图说明
图1是替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的X射线粉末衍射图;
图2是替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的差示扫描量热分析图;
图3是替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的热失重分析图;
图4是替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的核磁共振图;
图5是替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的动态水分吸附曲线图;
图6是替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的引湿性测试前后X射线粉末衍射对比图。
具体实施方式
一种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶,其结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
进一步的,共晶中,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸的摩尔比为1:1。
进一步的,共晶的X射线粉末衍射在衍射角度2θ为3.7±0.2、6.4±0.2、9.0±0.2、10.6±0.2、12.0±0.2、15.1±0.2处具有特征峰。
进一步的,共晶的X射线粉末衍射还在衍射角度2θ为7.5±0.2、15.3±0.2、18.2±0.2、18.9±0.2、22.6±0.2中的一处或多处具有特征峰;优选的,共晶的X射线粉末衍射还在衍射角度2θ为7.5±0.2、15.3±0.2、18.2±0.2、18.9±0.2、22.6±0.2处均有特征峰。
这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶的制备方法,是将替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸加入溶剂中,通过搅拌、挥发或降温析晶得到共晶。
优选的,制备方法中,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸投料的摩尔比为(1~2):1。
优选的,制备方法中,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸质量之和与溶剂的用量比为(10~700)mg:1mL。
优选的,制备方法中,在0℃~75℃下将替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸加入溶剂中。
优选的,制备方法中,通过搅拌方法得到共晶,搅拌的时间为1h~30h,优选为3h~24h。
优选的,制备方法中,溶剂为水、醇类溶剂、酯类溶剂、酮类溶剂、醚类溶剂、腈类溶剂中的至少一种。
优选的,醇类溶剂包括但不限于甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇。
优选的,酯类溶剂包括但不限于乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯。
优选的,酮类溶剂包括但不限于丙酮、丁酮。
优选的,醚类溶剂包括但不限于四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环。
优选的,腈类溶剂包括但不限于乙腈。
进一步优选的,溶剂为水、丙酮、丁酮、乙腈、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧六环中的至少一种;再进一步优选的,溶剂为水、丙酮与水的混合溶剂、丁酮与水的混合溶剂、乙腈与水的混合溶剂、异丙醇与水的混合溶剂、四氢呋喃与水的混合溶剂、1,4-二氧六环与水的混合溶剂中的至少一种。
一种药物组合物,包括这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶。
进一步的,这种的药物组合物,还包括药物辅料;优选的,所述的辅料包括下列物质中的至少一种:溶剂、抛射剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂、包衣材料、芳香剂、抗黏合剂、整合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、着色剂、黏合剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、包合剂、保湿剂、吸收剂、稀释剂、絮凝剂与反絮凝剂、助滤剂、释放阻滞剂。
这种药物组合物可制成各种剂型:
按照剂型的分散系统进行分类,具体来说,可以制成以下剂型:溶液型、胶体溶液型、乳剂型、混悬型、气体分散型、微粒分散型、固体分散型;
按照形态分类,具体来说,可以制成以下剂型:液体剂型(如芳香水剂、溶液剂、注射剂、合剂、洗剂、搽剂等),气体剂型(如气雾剂、喷雾剂等),固体剂型(如散剂、丸剂、片剂、膜剂等),半固体剂型(如软膏剂、栓剂、糊剂等);
按照给药途径分类,具体来说,可以制成以下剂型:经胃肠道给药的剂型、不经胃肠道给药的剂型。
为了制备固体组合物如片剂,将主要的活性组分与药物赋形剂(或载体)进行混合以形成固体预配制组合物,其包含本发明的共晶。当称这些预配制组合物为均匀的时候,它是指活性组分被均匀分散在整个组合物中,以致组合物可以容易地被细分成相同有效的单位剂型如片剂、丸剂以及胶囊剂。
片剂或丸剂可以被涂布或用其它方式被复合以提供一种具有延长作用优点的剂型,或保护片剂或丸剂免受胃中酸性条件的作用。例如,片剂或丸剂可以包括内剂量和外剂量成分,后者具有在前者之上的外皮的形式。可以用肠溶层来分隔两种成分,其中肠溶层用来阻止在胃中的崩解以及允许内成分完整进入十二指肠或被延迟释放。各种材料可以用于这样的肠溶层或涂层,上述材料包括许多高分子酸以及高分子酸与这样的材料如虫胶、十六烷醇、以及醋酸纤维素的混合物。
用于吸入法或吹入法的组合物包括在药学上可接受的含水溶剂或有机溶剂、或其混合物中的溶液和悬浮液,以及散剂。液体或固体组合物可以包含如上文所述的适宜的药用赋形剂。优选的,通过口服或鼻呼吸途径给予这些组合物以获得局部或全身效应。可以通过使用惰性气体来雾化在优选的药学可接受的溶剂中的组合物。可以直接从雾化装置吸入雾化溶液,或雾化装置可以连接于面罩帐状物、或间歇正压呼吸机。可以由以适当方式递送剂型的装置,优选口服或鼻途径,给予溶液、混悬剂、或散剂组合物。
这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶在制备治疗病毒性乙型肝炎或艾滋病药物中的应用。
进一步的,这种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶在制备治疗和/或预防和/或延缓和/或辅助治疗和/或处理病毒性乙型肝炎或艾滋病药物中的应用。
以下将通过具体实施例进一步阐述本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以权利要求书为准。实施例中所用的原料如无特殊说明,均可从常规商业途径得到。
实施例1:
称取2g替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与0.7056g香草酸,加入4mL丁酮与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌24h,过滤,固体干燥,即可替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例2:
称取40mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与14mg香草酸,加入0.5mL乙腈与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌3h,6000rpm离心5min,弃去上层清液,取下层固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例3:
称取80mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与28mg香草酸,加入1mL丁酮与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌3h,6000rpm离心5min,弃去上层清液,取下层固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例4:
称取80mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与28mg香草酸,加入0.8mL异丙醇与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌3h,6000rpm离心5min,弃去上层清液,取下层固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例5:
称取80mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与28mg香草酸,加入1mL四氢呋喃与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌3h,6000rpm离心5min,弃去上层清液,取下层固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例6:
称取80mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与28mg香草酸,加入1mL1,4-二氧六环与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌3h,6000rpm离心5min,弃去上层清液,取下层固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例7:
称取160mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与57mg香草酸,加入1mL丁酮与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌24h,6000rpm离心5min,弃去上层清液,取下层固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例8:
称取500mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与176.4mg香草酸,加入2mL丁酮与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌24h,过滤,固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例9:
称取40mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与14mg香草酸,加入0.5mL丙酮与水的混合溶剂中得混悬液,将该混悬液置于室温搅拌3h,6000rpm离心5min,弃去上层清液,取下层固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例10:
称取20mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与7mg香草酸,加入2mL水,将该溶液超声30min,过滤,固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例11:
称取20mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与7mg香草酸,加入0.8mL水,75℃下加热1h,溶液澄清,冷却至室温后析出白色固体,过滤,固体干燥,即可得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的白色粉末。
实施例12:
称取10mg替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与5mg香草酸,加入3mL水,超声20min~40min,生成白色沉淀,过滤,滤液置于小烧杯中缓慢挥发,4天后即得到替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶透明针状晶体。
实施例13:
将本发明中的化合物(替诺福韦艾拉酚胺香草酸共晶)34mg、乳糖54mg、微晶纤维素78mg、预胶化淀粉17mg、交联羧甲基纤维素钠14mg和硬脂酸镁3mg混合,过80目筛,粉末直接压片,使用12mm冲模制成片剂。
本发明提供的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶,通过X射线粉末衍射(XRPD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热失重分析(TG)以及核磁共振波谱(NMR)等方法表征。
对实施例1制得的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶固体样品进行X射线粉末衍射分析,其采用德国布鲁克仪器有限公司Bruker D2PHASER型的衍射仪,Cu Kα射线,波长为 电压为30千伏,电流为10毫安,步长0.02°,扫描速度10°/min,扫描范围3°~40°,测试温度为室温。其分析结果见附图1的X射线粉末衍射(XRPD)图,X射线粉末衍射数据如表1所示。
表1共晶X射线粉末衍射数据
2θ(°) | 相对强度(%) |
3.81 | 12.7 |
6.53 | 11.7 |
7.61 | 3.9 |
8.04 | 3.6 |
9.11 | 6.8 |
10.73 | 9.3 |
12.11 | 6.8 |
14.14 | 2.6 |
15.16 | 100 |
15.44 | 5.7 |
17.0 | 3.5 |
18.28 | 4.8 |
18.97 | 37.9 |
19.77 | 2.4 |
20.96 | 2.5 |
21.53 | 5.2 |
22.06 | 2.8 |
22.75 | 6.7 |
本领域技术人员公知,结晶物质包括共晶可以用X射线衍射技术表征,但是X射线衍射图通常会随着仪器的测试条件而有所改变。特别需要指出的是,X射线衍射图的相对强度可能随着实验条件的变化而变化,所以X射线衍射峰的相对强度顺序不能作为共晶表征的唯一或决定性因素。另外,峰角度通常允许有±0.2°的误差。另外,由于样品高度等实验因素的影响,会造成峰角度的整体偏移,通常允许一定的偏移。因而,本领域技术人员可以理解的是,本发明所述的共晶的X射线衍射图不必和本实施例中的X射线衍射图完全一致。任何具有和这个图谱中的特征峰相同或相似的情况均属于本发明的范畴之内。本领域技术人员能够将本发明所列的图谱和一个未知共晶的图谱相比较,以证实这两组图谱反映的是相同还是不同的共晶。
对实施例1制得的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶固体样品进行差示扫描量热分析,其采用德国耐驰科学仪器有限公司DSC 200F3型差示量热仪检测,气氛为氮气,升温速率为10℃/min。其分析结果见附图2的差示扫描量热(DSC)分析图。本发明中,熔点是按起始温度来报告的。DSC曲线显示,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸素共晶在被加热至144℃附近出现一个放热峰,其起始温度约为141℃。
对实施例1制得的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶固体样品进行热失重分析,其采用德国耐驰科学仪器有限公司TG 209F3型热重分析仪,气氛为氮气,升温速率为10℃/min。其分析结果见附图3的热失重(TG)分析图。TG曲线显示,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶被加热至170℃附近开始分解,并且在此温度之前无重量损失,确定其为无水物。
对实施例1制得的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶样品进行核磁共振氢谱分析,其采用德国Bruker公司Avance III 400M核磁共振波谱仪于室温检测。其分析结果见附图4的核磁(1H NMR)图。其中,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺的峰为:1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ8.23(s,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.28(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.15(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.00(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),4.95(td,J=12.6,6.3Hz,1H),4.39(dd,J=14.5Hz,3.0Hz,1H),4.24(dd,J=14.5Hz,7.8Hz,1H),4.06–3.92(m,3H),3.80–3.70(m,1H),1.29–1.19(m,12H)。香草酸的峰为:1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δ7.60–7.55(m,2H),6.88–6.83(m,1H),3.91(s,3H)。根据各个峰的积分结果可知共晶分子中替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸的化学计量比为1:1。
分析对比:
1、热稳定性对比
将实施例1的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶和CN103732594A所述的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半富马酸盐的热稳定性比较。
由DSC数据所示,本发明所述的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的熔点约为141℃,而根据CN103732594A的报道,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半富马酸盐的熔点约为131℃,本发明所述的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶的熔点高约10℃,表明其热稳定性得到改良。
2、引湿性对比
将实施例1的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶和CN103732594A所述的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半富马酸盐的引湿性比较。
取本发明提供的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶约20mg采用SMS(SurfaceMeasurement System)公司的动态水分吸附(DVS)仪测试引湿性,气氛为氮气,流速为200mL/min,单位时间质量变化为0.002%/min,相对湿度范围0-95%RH,温度25℃。其分析结果见附图5的动态水分吸附(DVS)曲线图。引湿性测试前后XRPD对比图如附图6所示。
关于引湿性特征描述与引湿性增重的界定(中国药典2010年版附录XIX J药物引湿性指导原则):
潮解:吸收足量水分形成液体;
极具引湿性:引湿增重不小于15%;
有引湿性:引湿增重小于15%但不小于2%;
略有引湿性:引湿增重小于2%但不小于0.2%;
无或几乎无引湿性:引湿增重小于0.2%。
结果表明,本发明的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶在25℃、95%相对湿度下的水分吸附仅为0.15%,说明几乎无引湿性,且引湿性测试前后晶型不变,表明替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶在高湿度条件下优良的晶相稳定性。而根据CN103732594A的报道,替诺福韦艾拉酚胺半富马酸盐在25℃、90%相对湿度下的水分吸附即为0.65%,说明略有引湿性。可见,本发明所述的替诺福韦艾拉酚胺-香草酸共晶具有改良的引湿性。
本发明首次提供替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶,其制备方法操作简单,结晶过程易于控制,重现性好,且研究表明这种共晶具有较高的熔点、改良的热稳定性和改良的吸湿性,在制备和存储过程中对环境湿度和温度的敏感性降低,简化了药品的生产和后处理工艺,降低了物料存储以及质量控制成本,具有较强的经济价值,更适合用作原料药。此外,其显示了良好的结晶性,易于制备,适用于工业化大规模生产。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种替诺福韦艾拉酚胺与香草酸的共晶,其特征在于:共晶的X射线粉末衍射还在衍射角度2θ为7.5±0.2、15.3±0.2、18.2±0.2、18.9±0.2、22.6±0.2中的一处或多处具有特征峰。
3.权利要求1~2任一项所述的共晶的制备方法,其特征在于:将替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸加入溶剂中,通过搅拌、挥发或降温析晶得到共晶,所述溶剂为丁酮与水的混合溶剂;替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸投料的摩尔比为(1~2):1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的共晶的制备方法,其特征在于:替诺福韦艾拉酚胺和香草酸质量之和与溶剂的用量比为(10~700)mg:1mL。
5.一种药物组合物,其特征在于:包括权利要求1~2任一项所述的共晶。
6.权利要求1~2任一项所述的共晶在制备治疗病毒性乙型肝炎或艾滋病药物中的应用。
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