A kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium ion battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium-ion battery electrolytes technical field more particularly to a kind of non-water power of high-voltage lithium ion batteries
Solve liquid and lithium ion battery.
Technical background
Since commercial Li-ion battery the 1990s comes out, since lithium ion battery has voltage height, than energy
Amount is high, memory-less effect and to be widely used in the 3C such as mobile phone, video camera, laptop the advantages that have extended cycle life consumer
Electronics field.In recent years, global new-energy automobile obtains rapid development, application of the lithium ion battery in power battery field
Also more and more common.And with the increase of electric car course continuation mileage and the inclination of public subsidies policy, to power battery
Energy density require it is also higher and higher, promoted lithium ion battery operating voltage be increase battery energy density important channel it
One.The performance of high-voltage lithium ion batteries is mainly to be determined by the structure and property of active material and electrolyte, in addition, electric
The matching for solving liquid is also extremely important.In recent years, a variety of high-voltage anode materials, but conventional carbonic ester and six are had been developed for
Lithium fluophosphate system electrolyte is easy that side reaction occurs with positive electrode surface under high voltages, influences high-voltage anode material
The performance of energy, cannot fully meet the requirement of high-voltage lithium ion batteries.Therefore, develop matched with high-voltage anode material
Novel electrolyte, which seems, to be even more important.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes are mainly made of lithium hexafluoro phosphate, carbonate solvent and additive, are examined from economic benefit
Consider, develops suitable electrolysis additive to stablize electrode/electrolyte interface more by the favor of researchers, develop high electricity
Pressure additive is the emphasis and hot spot of current electrolyte research.In numerous research achievements, phosphate compounds are shown
Excellent performance.For example, the patent of invention of Patent No. CN106410275A, which discloses a kind of add, faces phenyl ring shape Phosphation
Close the electrolyte of lithium-ion secondary battery of object, it is this face benzene annular phosphate can by being complexed with phosphorus pentafluoride and hydrogen fluoride,
Inhibit the side reaction under high temperature in electrolyte, improving improves high-temperature storage performance.Patent No. CN103296311A and the patent No.
The patent of invention of CN1411619A individually discloses a kind of electrolyte using annular phosphate as fire retardant, is able to ascend battery
Security performance.
However, mentioned in above-mentioned patent, annular phosphate is added in electrolyte can obviously increase the resistance of lithium ion battery
It is anti-, the deterioration of lithium ion battery other performance (such as low-temperature characteristics) is inevitably brought, its practical property application is limited.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium ions
Battery can significantly improve its cycle performance and high-temperature behavior using the high-voltage lithium ion batteries of the electrolyte, combine
Cryogenic property, and increase substantially the security performance of lithium ion battery.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution is provided, the high-voltage electrolyte include electrolyte lithium salt,
Non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, the additive include additive A, additive B and addition of C, in which:
The additive A is the cyclic phosphate ester compounds with structural formula 1, specially three (cyclic phosphate of phloroglucin
Ester), structural formula 1 is as follows:
Wherein, the alkyl or carbon atom that R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are each independently selected from H, carbon atom number is 1~5
One of the alkyl halide alkyl that number is 1~5;
The additive B is the lithium salts containing oxalate group;The addition of C is sulfuric acid vinyl ester or derivatives thereof.
Further, in the alkyl halide alkyl of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 of additive A, H is partly or entirely by halogen atom
Replace, halogen atom is selected from one or more of F, Cl, Br.
Further, the phloroglucin three (annular phosphate) of the additive A include but is not limited to following structural formula 2,
One of structural formula 3, structural formula 4,5 compound represented of structural formula or a variety of combinations.
Structural formula 2 is as follows: (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are each independently selected from H)
Structural formula 3 is as follows: (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are each independently selected from methyl CH3)
Structural formula 4 is as follows: (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 are each independently selected from ethyl CH2CH3)
Structural formula 5 is as follows: (R1, R3, R5 H;R2, R4, R6 CH2CF3)
Further,
The additive amount of the additive A be electrolyte total weight 0.1%~20%, preferably 1%~10%.
Further,
The lithium salts containing oxalate group of the additive B, including but not limited to di-oxalate lithium borate (LiBOB), two
Fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borate (LiDFOB), difluoro dioxalic acid lithium phosphate (LiDFOP), it is a kind of in tetrafluoro oxalic acid lithium phosphate (LiTFOP) or
Several combinations.
Further,
The additive amount of the additive B be electrolyte total weight 0.1%~10%, preferably 0.5%~5%.
Further,
The sulfuric acid vinyl ester or derivatives thereof of the addition of C, including but not limited to sulfuric acid vinyl ester, 4- methyl-sulfuric acid
One or more of combination in the fluoro- sulfuric acid vinyl ester of vinyl acetate, 4-, 4- cyano-sulfuric acid vinyl ester.
Further,
The additive amount of the addition of C be electrolyte total weight 0.1%~10%, preferably 1%~5%.
Further,
The non-aqueous organic solvent includes but is not limited to ethylene carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), butylene
(BC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton
(GBL), methyl acetate (MA), ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate (EP), butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and propionic acid
The combination of one or more of butyl ester.
Further,
The lithium salts includes but is not limited to lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, LiBF4, two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyls) Asia
The combination of one or more of amine lithium and imidodisulfuryl fluoride lithium salt.
The present invention also provides using above-mentioned electrolyte high-voltage lithium ion batteries, comprising: anode, cathode, diaphragm and on
State electrolyte.
The invention has the benefit that
Novel high voltage non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell provided by the invention, by novel cyclic phosphate compound,
Lithium salts and sulfuric acid vinyl ester containing oxalate group or derivatives thereof are added in electrolyte simultaneously as functional additive.One
Aspect is used cooperatively by both novel cyclic phosphate compound and the lithium salts containing oxalate group, in positive electrode surface shape
At the stable and higher CEI film of conductivity, to reduce the contact of electrolyte with positive electrode surface active sites, inhibit point of electrolyte
Solution reaction, effectively inhibits flatulence, improves the high-temperature behavior of lithium ion battery, under normal pressure and high voltage (3.0~4.6V)
Cycle performance and service life.On the other hand, sulfuric acid vinyl ester in electrolyte or derivatives thereof is as Low ESR film forming addition
Agent, can be moderate in negative terminal surface formation one layer of uniform ingredients, thickness, and the stabilization SEI protective film that compactness is good, by containing grass
The lithium salts of sulfonate groups and battery can be made to keep compared with Low ESR with the combination of both sulfuric acid vinyl ester class compounds, and then make battery
Obtain good cryogenic property.In addition, novel cyclic phosphate compound has both fire retardant function, so that electrolyte has simultaneously
Highly effective flame-retardant effect, to increase substantially the security performance of battery.
In conclusion not only being had using the lithium battery of high-voltage lithium ion batteries nonaqueous electrolytic solution provided by the invention good
Good chemical property, and safety greatly improves, electrolyte provided by the invention can be preparation high-performance lithium ion power electricity
Pond lays the foundation.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably illustrate the content of the invention, below by specific embodiment to further verifying of the invention.It is special
Illustrate herein, embodiment is only that more directly description is of the invention, they are a part of the invention, cannot be to structure of the present invention
At any restrictions.
1) preparation of electrolyte
The electrolyte of embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1-4 are prepared by the following method:
It is in mass ratio EC:DEC:EMC by ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC)
=3:2:5 is mixed, and it is 1.0mol/L that lithium hexafluoro phosphate to molar concentration, which is then added, and additive includes additive A, addition
In agent B and addition of C, embodiment and comparative example electrolyte additive types and its content are shown in table 1, wherein additive
Ratio is to account for the ratio of the total weight of the electrolyte.
The additive and its content of table 1 embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1-4
2) preparation of positive plate
By the mass ratio mixing nickle cobalt lithium manganate (LiNi of 95.5:2:1:1.50.5Co0.2Mn0.3), Super-P (lead by little particle
Electric carbon black), CNT (Carbon Nanotube, carbon nanotube) and PVDF (Kynoar), then disperse them in NMP
In (N-Methyl pyrrolidone), the lower stirring of de-airing mixer effect obtains anode sizing agent to stable uniform;Anode sizing agent is uniform
Coated on the aluminium foil with a thickness of 16 μm;Aluminium foil is transferred to in 120 DEG C of convection oven dry 2h after room temperature is dried, then
By being cold-pressed, being die cut to obtain positive plate.
3) preparation of negative electrode tab
By the quality of 95.5:1.5:1:2 than admixed graphite, Super-P (little particle conductive black), SBR (butadiene-styrene rubber)
With CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), then disperses them in deionized water, obtain negative electrode slurry;By negative electrode slurry with painting
It overlays on the copper foil with a thickness of 8 μm;Copper foil is transferred to in 120 DEG C of convection oven dry 2h after room temperature is dried, is then passed through
Cross cold pressing, cross cutting obtains negative electrode tab.
4) preparation of lithium ion battery
Positive plate, negative electrode tab and diaphragm are obtained into naked battery core by lamination process, after battery core is put into pack case, injection
Electrolyte, then successively seal, lithium ion battery is obtained through processes, production such as standing, hot cold pressing, chemical conversion, partial volumes.
Illustrate the performance test process and test result of lithium ion battery below:
(1) normal-temperature circulating performance is tested
By lithium ion battery at 25 DEG C with 1C constant-current charge to 4.6V after, constant-voltage charge to cut-off current be 0.05C, so
A charge and discharge cycles are denoted as to 3.0V with 1C constant-current discharge afterwards.Then 1000 circulations are carried out according to above-mentioned condition.Lithium ion
Capacity retention ratio (%)=(discharge capacity of the 1000th circulation/discharge capacity for the first time) after battery 1000 times circulations ×
100%.
(2) high temperature cyclic performance is tested
By lithium ion battery at 45 DEG C with 1C constant-current charge to 4.6V after, constant-voltage charge to cut-off current be 0.05C, so
A charge and discharge cycles are denoted as to 3.0V with 1C constant-current discharge afterwards.Then 800 circulations are carried out according to above-mentioned condition.Lithium ion
Capacity retention ratio (%)=(discharge capacity of the 800th circulation/discharge capacity for the first time) × 100% after battery 800 times circulations.
(3) high-temperature storage performance is tested
Room temperature 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging ends to 4.6V, 0.05C, and then 1C constant-current discharge, 3V cut-off, circulation calculate three times
Average size is initial capacity C0, and the volume for testing lithium ion battery is V0;Room temperature 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging is to 4.6V, 0.05C
Cut-off is then placed in high temperature test cabinet and stores 15 days for 60 DEG C, takes out the volume of test lithium ion battery and is denoted as Vn, volume is swollen
Swollen rate (%)=(Vn-V0)/V0;
After room temperature shelves 5h, 1C constant-current discharge to 3V records discharge capacity C1, charged percentage=C1/C0;Room temperature 1C
Constant-current constant-voltage charging ends to 4.6V, 0.05C, and then 1C constant-current discharge, 3V cut-off, record restore capacity C 2;Restore percentage
=C2/C0.
(4) cryogenic property is tested
At 25 DEG C, lithium ion battery is charged to 4.6V with 1C constant current constant voltage, then with 1C constant-current discharge to 3.0V, record
Discharge capacity.Then 1C constant current constant voltage is charged to 4.6V, and 0.05C cut-off is placed in -20 DEG C of environment after shelving for 24 hours, 1C constant current is put
Electricity records discharge capacity to 2.4V.
- 20 DEG C of low temperature discharging efficiency value=1C discharge capacity (- 20 DEG C)/1C discharge capacity (25 DEG C) × 100%.
(5) self-extinguishing time is tested
Phase homogenous quantities, different electrolytes are taken with diameter about 8mm mineral wool respectively and are lighted rapidly, and record igniter is removed
The time for arriving flame automatic distinguishing afterwards is denoted as self-extinguishing time, the flame retardant effect of more each electrolyte.
The test result of table 2 embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1-4
According to result shown in table 2: comparing comparative example 1-4, the lithium ion battery of embodiment 1-10 is in normal temperature circulation, high temperature
Circulation and high temperature storage, low temperature discharge and flame retardant property etc. are all greatly improved.Additive A is to promotion battery
Electrical properties in high temperatures and flame-retarding performance play a crucial role, but have certain bad effect to cryogenic property, can
To be modified by the way that Low ESR addition of C is added, and the addition of additive B can enhance additive A and addition of C simultaneously
Effect, can further promote the electrical property of the lithium ion battery.In addition, additive B, which can use, contains oxalic acid foundation
Lithium salts combined additive scheme (LiDFOB and LiDFOP that such as embodiment 8 refers to), the addition of C of group can use sulfuric acid ethylene
Ester and its derivative combined additive scheme (sulfuric acid vinyl ester and 4- cyano-sulfuric acid vinyl ester that such as embodiment 10 refers to), this
Kind combined additive scheme also has a degree of improvement result for lithium ion battery part electrical property.
The present invention is described in more detail through the foregoing embodiment, it is known that electrolyte provided by the invention (additive A,
Additive B and addition of C combination) significant effect in terms of the electrical property and security performance for improving high-voltage lithium ion batteries.
The announcement of book according to the above description, the application those skilled in the art can also carry out above embodiment
Change and modification appropriate.Therefore, the application is not limited to specific embodiment disclosed and described above, to the application's
Some modifications and changes should also be as falling into the protection scope of claims hereof.